Comparative study of amylase enzyme in carnivores and herbivores using bioinformatics

To analyze the activities of amylase enzyme in herbivorous and carnivorous family. Currently, there is limited comparative genomics approach into the evolution of dietary habits are reported in literature. With the recent advances in sequencing era, we were able to perform functional genome analyses that represents phylogenetic relationship between different species and their amylase activities. Collect all the sequence information from biological database like NCBI and retrieve nucleotide sequence. Further, perform BLOSUM-62 algorithm with the Clustal-W for multiple sequence alignment and construct the phylogenetic tree using Clustal Omega. We observed that evolutionary changes in herbivorous and carnivores species with their respective mutation and conserved domain. This study used phylogenetic and statistical approaches to explore general patterns of amylases evolution, amylases from seven different species in eukaryota family with fully documented taxonomic lineage. First, the phylogenetic tree was created to analyze the evolution of amylases with focus on individual amylases. Second, the average pairwise p-distance was computed for each species, and its diversity implies multi time and multi-clan evolution. In addition to a clear contraction in gene families for carbohydrate metabolism, the carnivore genomes showed evolutionary adaptations in genes associated with dietary habits and other traits responsible for successful stalking and core consumption under strong selective pressure related to diet. However, unlike herbivores showed fewer shared adaptive signatures. The genetic diversity associated with decreased population sizes of carnivores, which may be due to the inflexible nature of their strict diet, emphasizing their susceptibility and critical conservation. The present study provides a comparative genomic analysis represent genomic changes associated with dietary habits. Our genomic analyses also provide useful resources for diet-related personalized healthcare research.