October 2022

La saison des pluies est confrontée à des anomalies issues des perturbations des descripteurs intrasaisonniers dans le doublet Djidja-Za-Kpota. La présente recherche vise à caractériser les descripteurs intrasaisonniers des saisons des pluies observés à Djidja-Za-Kpota. La démarche méthodologique adoptée s’articule autour de la collecte des données, du traitement des données et de l’analyse des résultats. Les résultats de la recherche montrent que les descripteurs intrasaisonniers sont caractérisés par les plus fortes variations au niveau des comparaisons des périodes. En effet, le nombre de jours pluvieux de la grande saison pluvieuse a diminué significativement de 3,38 % entre la période 1971-1990 et 1991-2017. La durée moyenne des séquences sèches a augmenté de 11 %. Par contre, le nombre de jours pluvieux de la petite saison pluvieuse a connu une hausse significative de 9,64 %. La durée moyenne des séquences sèches a augmenté de 1,21 %. La grande saison des pluies se détériore et la petite saison des pluies s’est considérablement améliorée en l’occurrence en terme de distribution séquentielle des pluies. Par conséquent, les variations des descripteurs intrasaisonniers entravent la planification des travaux dans les exploitations agricoles du doublet Djidja-Za-Kpota.

After the annexation of Punjab by the Britisher, some social reform movements and social reformers made a significant contribution to the spread of education in Punjab. Education gave women a chance to develop and they entered the field of journalism like men. Magazines, journals and newspaper in various vernacular languages like Urdu, Hindi and Punjabi started to publish in Punjab in the last decade of 19th century. In the first half of 20th century in there were many periodical of different languages like as Tehzeeb-i-Niswan, sartaj, Noor-Johan, Saheli, Zeb-un-Nisa, Sohag, Muslima of Urdu, Jalvid-Shakha and Panchal-Pandita of Hindi, Bhujangan Patter, Komal sansar Istri, Istri Rattan, Istri Samchar, Istri Satsang, Istri Sudharak, Fuleran, Azad Bhain, Istri Chikista Darpan, Sughad Saheli and Punjabi Bhainof Punjabi. These periodicals were published for many specific purposes. All these periodical had their own aims and objectives but all these periodicals made significant contributions to upgrade women, giving them equal right with men and raising awareness among them about their duties and rights. Objectives: • To Identify women’s periodical of vernacular languages in the early twentieth century in Punjab. • To trace out the aims and objectives of different women’s periodicals of Punjabi language. • To highlight the role of women’s periodicals in creating awareness among women. • To examine the role of women’s periodical in uplifting the status of women during the early 20th century.

This paper reports the design an automatic star-delta starter using electrical relays and an electronic timer by feeding the motor with 1⁄√3(58%) of the full load current to limit the starting current surges by starting the motor at reduced voltage and then have full supply voltage reconnected when they run up to near rotated speed. This method is commonly referred to as “Soft Starting” the motor. Traditionally, in many regions there is a requirement that all motor connections be fitted with a reduced voltage starter for motors greater than 4 KW5HP. This is necessary to curb the high inrush of starting currents associated with starting induction motors. In this paper, a low cost-based circuit that can be used to control the operation of an induction motor is designed and a delta-star starter is used in controlling the turning on of the motor with low power loss and electrical relays deployed for conversion of star to delta. This design reduces the high starting current of induction motor and along these lines forestall the motor from overheating.

Objective: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infection. Escherichia coli is one of the commnest organism causing Urinary tract infection .Ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) are the most commonly used as first line agents for treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli. Inappropriately excessive use of Ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) has detrimental impact . Present study is antibiogram between Nitrofurantoin Versus Ciprofloxacin as first line agents for treatment of Urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli. Method: A total of 1205 urine samples collected between MAY2019 to October 2019 for culture and pathogens identified by conventional methods. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Result: Among 1205 urine samples 203 samples shown culture positive, in this 39 samples shown Escherichia coli. Among them 28(71.7%) shown resistance to Ciprofloxacin and about 6 (15.3%) shown resistance to Nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: This study concludes that Nitrofurantoin is a good Ciprofloxacin sparing drug. .It is suggested that Nitrofurantoin might be the first choice for treatment of urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli ,needs further studies regarding its side effects

Introduction: The rising disease burden worldwide has posed enormous pressure on healthcare to provide cost-effective treatment. In this scenario, it becomes imperative for hospitals to efficiently utilize the resources and there is requirement of accurate cost analysis of healthcare procedures. Role of Nuclear Medicine has become indispensable in diagnosing and prognosticating varied number of diseases. So that necessitates a balanced utilization of such procedures when the resources are limited. Aim: To analyze the unit cost of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures performed in Nuclear Medicine department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Material and Method: It was an observational, descriptive and cross sectional study carried out in the Nuclear medicine department of Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences for a period of one year. Activity based costing method was used to evaluate and analyze the unit cost of various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures Results: The unit cost of procedures performed in the Nuclear medicine department varied from Rs.1190 for RAIU (Radioactive Iodine Uptake) to Rs.11075 for High dose I-131 therapy. The most cost effective investigation was found to be cardiac MIBI scan with a unit cost of Rs. 2893.2 followed by bone scan when compared with tariffs of other Nuclear Medicine facility. It was found that the study hospital is already providing most of the nuclear scan services at much subsidized rates and the rates haven’t been revised since many years. Conclusion: ABC methodology provides a structured approach in analyzing activities, cost services, reducing costs, and improving quality.

Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) is one of the most important cucurbit vegetables in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, particularly in India and Bangladesh. Pointed gourd is morphologically distinct from other cucurbitaceous species due to its well-established dioecism, perennial nature, and vegetative means of propagation. The pointed gourd having the common Indian names of “Parwal”, “Parmal”, “Panal” and “Patal”. This important crop is widely grown in the eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, in some parts of Maharashtra and Gujarat and some hilly tracts of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. This perennial vine crop survives for long time through giving rise to sprouts from the tuberous roots even left uncared. The estimated area and production of pointed gourd in India during 2018-19 are 55,000 ha and 7,40,000 MT respectively. Fruits of pointed gourd are rich in proteins and vitamin A and also possess medicinal properties that can lower blood sugar and serum triglycerides. Fruits are consumed in a variety of ways, including vegetable curry, pickled, and as various confections. They have prolonged market availability, and the high nutritional and medicinal values of pointed gourd fruits make them a wholesome vegetable. Seed propagation of pointed gourd is undesirable due to poor germination and unpredictable variation; thus, pointed gourd is multiplied through stem and root cuttings. Hybridization followed by selection among segregating progeny and clonal selection are promising approaches for genetic improvement of this species. In this review article, origin, distribution, taxonomy, botanical description, breeding, uses, nutritional value and health benefits of pointed gourd are discussed.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare condular-ramal morphology in various vertical and sagittal facial types.The sample consisted of lateral cephalograms of 90 subjects in the age group of 15-25 years. Cephalometric tracings were done and various measurements taken. The Sample was differentiated into 3 classes using ANB angle, Wits appraisal and Beta angle.The sample was also differentiated into various vertical patterns on the basis of Jarabak’s ratio. Parameters depicting condylar- ramal morphology like mandibular arc angle, lower facial height angle, gonial angle, ramus height, ramus width and antegonial notch depth were measured. The recorded data was compiled and entered in a spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel) and then exported to data editor of SPSS Version 20.0 for analysis. Results: There was no significant difference in various condylar-ramal parameters in 3 sagittal malocclusions however the gonial angle was increased in Class III malocclusion probably consequent to the increased effective mandibular length. Ramus height was also significantly greater in Class III malocclusion when compared to the Class I and II groups. On comparing the vertical facial types, vertical growth pattern showed decreased ramus height and width, increased gonial angle, decreased mandibular arc angle, increased lower facial height angle and increased antegonial notch depth. Conclusion: The parameters used were more related to the facial patterns in the vertical dimension and less to the sagittal patterns. In the hyperdivergent pattern the mandible appears to have retained its infantile characteristics with different processes (condylar and ramal) appearing to be underdeveloped.

Objective: A lot of Recent studies try to investigate the relationship between abnormal liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and incidence of coronary arteries disease. In this study we try to find a relationship between abnormal liver enzymes and three vessel coronary arteries disease. Method: One-hundred coronary arteries disease patients were randomly chosen from those who followed in outpatient clinic from Jan 2022 to June 2022 in queen alia heart institute. After reviewing angiography reports, patients were divided into two groups as three vessel CAD and non-three vessel CAD, non-three vessel CAD group also divided into 1-2 vessel CAD and medical CAD. In addition to optimal medical therapy and revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting), measurements of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations were performed in all patients before proceeding with coronary angiography. Results: The patient groups of CAD distribution were 13% medical CAD, 62% 1or 2-vessel CAD and 25% 3-vessel disease. Mean age was 63.48 ± 11.833 (range 33–87) years and 22 per cent (n = 22) were females. 49% them are diabetic and 72% are hypertensive patients. 5% of patients have elevated AST (>37) & 5% have elevated ALT (>41). All of them didn’t show elevation > 3-folds of normal. None of the elevated enzymes patients found in the 3-vessel CAD group. Conclusion: abnormal liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) may not be associated with angiographic severity of coronary arteries disease.

In this paper, we will discuss what is Institution repository its types, scope, need, and requirements of its ICT infrastructure used software, future aspect of benefits barriers, etc., and what is the difference between Institutional Repository as well as Digital repository.

Safety of students in schools is a matter of concern globally. In Kenya, students have lost their lives in the past decades due to arson, accidents, and food poisoning in spite of existence of Safety Standards Manual for schools of 2008. In Kakamega County Secondary Schools, there were 65 deaths, 205 cases of food poisoning; 112 cases of injury occasioned by gang rape, 103 floods, 107 landslides, 50 fire outbreaks, 102 lightening, 15 cyclones and 10 accidents in school buses from the year 2008 to 2018. Principals have a responsibility of ensuring safety of students in schools. The objective of the study was to examine contribution of principals to infrastructure requirements compliance in disaster management preparedness in public secondary schools in Kakamega County. A conceptual framework showing relationship between the independent variable, (contribution of principals) and the dependent variable, (disaster management preparedness) were used to guide the study. The findings of the study revealed that principals’ contribution to disaster management preparedness with regard to compliance in infrastructure requirements was 72.1%. It involved creation of appropriate class size, ensuring inspection and ventilation of buildings, provision of fire exists and extinguishers, construction of buildings in consultation and approval by public works department. The study concluded that principals’ contribution to disaster management preparedness in schools was high and significant. The findings are of help to educational planners and managers as they inform formulation of policy and strategies for preparedness in management of disasters in schools.

Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping one's mouth clean and free from disease and other problems (e.g. bad breath) by regular brushing (dental hygiene) and cleaning between the teeth. The most common types of dental disease are tooth decay (cavities, dental caries) and gum diseases, including gingivitis, and periodontitis. Gandoosha & Kavala procedures are used with both the aims e.g., for the prevention of the mouth disease including the diseases of the teeth and the gums; which is described in ‘Dina Charya’ and ‘Ritu Charya’ e.g., the daily regimen and the seasonal regimen respectively.

In order to optimize solar drying, a study by surface plane of centered response composite types was used. After the choice of 3 factors, 16 experiments were carried out and led to a mathematical model of the second degree linking the responses (drying time and energy consumption) to the factors considered influential.After carrying out the experiments and analyzing the results using Minitab software, the study has allowed determined the optimal conditions needed to obtain a drying time and a minimum energy consumption to obtain a dry product with a water content of 15% in wet base. The analysis of the main effect profiles as well as the mathematical correlation show the following: • energy consumption was proportional with the thickness of the slice, the temperature and the speed of the air; • the drying time was proportional to the thickness of the slice and inversely proportional to the temperature (from the center of the domain to its upper level) and the air velocity; • a good concordance between the selected models and the experimental results was observed with correlation factors of 99.3% and 99.8% respectively for drying time and energy consumption. The optimal values of drying time DS=318.2922 minutes and energy consumption CE=7.1859 kwh with an overall desirability of 90.29% were obtained with the following optimal operating conditions: • Drying air temperature of 40°C; • Product thickness of 11.5mm; • Air velocity of 1.02m/s.

A field experiment was conducted at Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, College of Horticulture, RVSKVV, Mandsaur, (M.P.) during the Rabi season 2019-20 in RBD-Factorial with replicated three times. Result revealed that the maximum plant height (40.02, 108.17 and 193.65 cm) and dry weight (3.66, 15.88 and 107.96 g) were found in AF-2 and they were also maximum (42.81, 112.81 and 195.42 cm & 3.80, 17.88 and 109.59 g) when crop was sown on 20th October. Under the interaction too maximum (43.55, 115.48 and 198.03 cm & 3.93, 18.37 and108.66) in the treatment combination D1V2 (20th October + V2-AF-2) at 60, 90, 120 DAS and at harvest, respectively. In the yield and yield attributes, the primary (3.20), secondary (14.01) and tertiary (12.01) umbels and umbelletes per primary (37.74), secondary (29.90) and tertiary (13.24) umbels, umbel dry weight (8.59), test weight (8.41), seed yield (17.43), straw yield (27.00) and harvest index (36.74) had maximum in AF-2 and they were maximum (3.45, 14.41, 12.65, 39.37, 31.03, 13.54, 9.19, 8.65, 18.50, 28.96 and 37.91) respectively when fennel crop was sown on 20th October. Under the interaction of different treatment they were also obtained maximum (3.51, 14.97, 12.78, 36.69, 31.14, 13.93, 39.83, 9.83,8.77, 19.25, 29.81 and 39.06) respectively in the treatment combination D1V2 (20th October + V2-AF-2). The highest chlorophyll in leaves at 60 (1.43) & 90 (1.54) DAS and volatile oil in seed (1.23) had in fennel variety AF-2. However, Crop sown on 20th October they were also maximum (1.67, 1.79 & 1.36) at 60 & 90 DAS and volatile oil in seed respectively. Among the different infections 20th October + AF-2 had maximum chlorophyll at 60 (1.70) & 90 (1.81) DAS and volatile oil in seed (1.37) over other combinations.

Introduction: The health suitability of drinking water is one of the basic measures to protect human health. Water analysis is the determination of organoleptic, physico-chemical, microbiological and other properties of water, in order to determine its health suitability. Methods: The aim of the work is to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of drinking water in the Herzegovina-Neretva canton using the standard methods prescribed by the Ordinance on health safety of drinking water and to determine the physical and chemical parameters. On the basis of the obtained physical and chemical indicators, obtain a detailed description of the state of water in the area of that canton. In the research, samples were taken from the area of Herzegovina-Neretva canton, sources are Dunajac (Čitluk Municipality), Neretva (Čitluk Municipality) and Radobolja (City of Mostar), which form the basis of the water supply of the aforementioned canton. The physical and chemical testing of water samples was carried out in the period from April 12 to 21, 2021. Water sampling was carried out according to the instructions prescribed by the Ordinance on health safety of drinking water. In the laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Mostar, we performed the following procedures: measurement of pH values and electrical conductivity; procedures necessary for the determination of dry matter in samples such as filtration, drying, weighing and others; in order to determine the alkalinity of the water, the chloride in the water and the total hardness of the water, we carried out certain titrations; we also performed the necessary procedures to determine the consumption of potassium permanganate in the samples. The results of the sample analyzes were processed and presented in a table. Results: It can be seen that all the tested parameters were within the maximum allowed values, prescribed by the Ordinance on health safety of drinking water. Conclusion: According to the obtained results of the physical and chemical analyzes of the waters of the mentioned sources, we can conclude that the water in the area of Herzegovina-Neretva canton is safe and suitable for human consumption.

Gestational weight gain (GWG) is usually defined as a change in maternal weights measured before pregnancy and prior to delivery, which is crucial to fetal growth and subsequent breastfeeding. Both excessive and inadequate GWG affect maternal and offspring health. Exercise contributes significantly to maternal and fetal wellbeing during pregnancy. This study probed the effectiveness of supervised, planned physical activity (aerobics) on maternal weight in pregnancy. Sixty-Four pregnantwomen who completed the study were simply randomized into experimental (n=38) with age range 25-43years and control (n=26) with age range 19-41years. Their pre-intervention weight measurements were taken and recorded and a 10-week, three times weekly aerobic exercise (40-45 minutes duration each session) training administered on the experimental group only. Post-intervention values were taken from all participants and data summarized using mean and standard deviation. Analysis of covariance was used to test the efficacy at 0.05 alpha level. The result revealed that the pretest experimental group mean value was 73.16+9.67with a mean difference of -4.28. The post intervention mean score was expectedly higher at 76.37+9.95 with a mean difference of -7.78. It follows that the aerobic exercise impacted the weight of the pregnant women. Also, being in the negative, showed that there was a reduction in the body weight of the experimental group as compared to the control group. It was concluded that the aerobic exercise was effective in moderating maternal weight gain in pregnancy and is an effective strategy in maternal weight maintenance.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a kind of primary hepatic cancer that begins in liver cells (hepatocytes) damaged by birth defects, cirrhosis, alcohol or drug abuse, contamination of food, poor eating habits and regimen, hemochromatosis, or severe infection with many viruses such as hepatitis B and C. Cancer is an illness that occurs when abnormal cells sprout too quickly and occupy a lot of space, leaving fewer living space for normal cells to reside. A cancerous growth can interrupt almost all of the liver's functions. Its cause is usually attributed to environmental, dietary, or lifestyle factors. Surprisingly, men have four times the incidence of HCC than women. Prolonged damage and inflammation, regardless of the cause, advancement through fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally HCC, where the cancerous lesion usually begins. In Ayurveda the "Yakrtarbuda" is not specifically described. Ayurvedic experts have given many names to liver-related disorders that fall under the category of abdominal diseases. The clinical manifestations of yakritarbuda are virtually identical to the disease described in the Ayurvedic text as Kamala Roga.Yakritarbuda is a Pitta-dominant disorder ofaavaran of Kapha and Meda at the site of khavaigunya, which necessitates the use of Pitta Virechaniya and Koshtha Sodhaka drugs to remove vitiated and agitated doshas from the body. Due toits therapeutic potential, Narayana churna can easily carry out these functions.

The liver, which is one of the largest organs of the body with varying degree of functions is prone to diverse ailments. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of Calcium Carbide coerced ripened Pawpaw on the Liver mass of the Wistar rats. Mature unripe Pawpaw’s were plucked off from the parent plant and were dividing into two groups; The first group was kept to rip at normal room temperature while the second group was induced with Calcium Carbide to rip. 10gram of Calcium carbide was placed in a bowl containing 5ml of water for dissolution in a closed metal bucket containing 1kg of the fruit (pawpaw) rapped with black nylon and was allowed for two days. After ripening, sampled fruits were washed and juiced. 600g of both the naturally ripened and calcium carbide ripened pawpaw were peeled separately and blended in an electric blender with 350ml/1L of deionized water. The juice was filtered and poured into clean bottles labeled (CaC2 induced ripened juice and naturally ripened pawpaw juice). A total of 21 adult Wister rats of both sexes weighing between 126.9- 214.3g were used. The Wistar rats were divided into three groups based on the body weight and then different concentrations of naturally ripened and calcium carbide induced ripened Pawpaw were administered orally. LD50 was carried out using Lorke, 1983 method. Group 1: Normal control group of 4 rats (2 males and 2 females) receive normal water and feeds only as placebo. Group 2 : Treatment Group (1) of 4 rats (2 males and 2 females). Group 3: Treatment Group (2) of 4 Wistar rats (2 males and 2 females) received Calcium Carbide ripened pawpaw for 4 weeks. 5ml/kg for both the natural fruit and the CaC2 ripened fruits were administered against each body weight of the adult Wistar rats. The Wistar rats were weighed and one Wistar rat was sacrificed weekly in groups. Blood and organ(liver) were collected from the three groups for histopathological analysis. The results showed Hepatocyte Hypertrophy, focal inflammation, Sinusoidal Dilation and amongst other. In conclusion, the consumption of fruits ripened with Calcium carbide pose detrimental effect on the liver, which could lower its functionality and integrity.

Measurement System Analysis (MSA) is used to determine the amount of variation due to Measurement System (MS) in the total variation of the process. It also assesses the effects of measurement error of the analytical instrument or by the operators/appraisers in the process. MSA consists of methods such as Gage Repeatability & Reproducibility (GR&R), Bias and Stability to assess the Measurement System. After MSA is performed successfully, the next step is Statistical Process Control (SPC). In SPC, Control Charts are most commonly used to determine whether the process is in control and stable. Control Charts works by collecting the data from the analysis of samples and arranging the data in the graphical manner to visually assess the stability of the process. Along with the Control Charts, the Process Capability Indices can also be calculated to determine the reliability of the process in the future.

Improved exotic varieties of pepper are widely cultivated, in Côte d’Ivoire,to the detriment of local varieties. But some of them present difficulties in germination and plant growth which decrease production levels. However, their statistical magnitude, the parameters involved, the state of this situation relative to local varieties and between individual varieties are not known. Thus, this work was to determine characteristics of germination and in nursery growth of local and improved pepper varieties. Tweenty-four local and exotic varieties collected in Haut-Sassandra region in Côte d’Ivoire were evaluated in nursery according to a randomized complete block design with three replications for seven parameters. Data recorded were subjected to analyses of variance and multivariate analyses. First, it was noticed that no seeds germinated in two of the 14 exotic varieties. Thus, germination rate varied from 0 to 100 %, whereas it was from 60 to 100 % in local varieties. The 22 remaining varieties were highly significantly (p < 1 %) different for six parameters, except number of leaves. In addition, local varieties were highly significantly (p < 1 %) different fron exotic ones for only germination rate and germination time. Indeed, the seeds of local varieties germinated better (85.61 %) than those of improved varieties (76.19 %). Also, seeds of local varieties germinated in a shorter mean time (7.66 days) than those of exotic varieties (8.82 days). Otherwise, three clusters of varieties were distinguished significantly (p < 5 %) for stem diameter and plantlet height, but highly significantly (p < 1 %) for germination rate. Thus, a cluster, composed of 11 varieties whose all seeds germinated (100 %), with lowest stem diameter value (0.11 cm) and highest plantlet height value (3.16 cm) opposed another cluster comprising four varieties with weakest germination rate (65 %), highest mean stem diameter (0.19 cm) and weak plantlet height (2.7 cm). This study demonstrates, on the one hand, non-germination and very low germination in certain improved varieties and, on the other hand, the shorter average germination time in local varieties. All these results open up perspectives for regressive and inferential evaluations of growth, development and production.

Purpose of Review: In this review paper, we highlight the recent concepts and discuss some of the current advances and future prospects used in cancer therapy. We hereby use the nanoparticle based such as liposome preparation for targeting the cancer. Methods used for Review: We performed a non-systematic search of journals, authoritative guidelines such as WHO, NCBI, etc. and selected the most comprehensive and relevant research articles, clinical studies, translational articles and review articles on nanoparticle such as liposome-based cancer therapy. The selection of paper for the reviewing purposes are purely based on the originality of the paper as well as by observing the clinical uses. Recent Findings in Review: Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. Systemic delivery of free drug is considered a major clinical failure of chemotherapy in cancer treatment, as limited concentration of the drug reaches at the tumor site which is site of action for the drug. Most active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) used in chemotherapy are highly cytotoxic to both type of cells i.e., cancerous cells and normal cells. According to this, targeting tumor vasculature is essential for tumor therapy. In this context (reference), the encapsulation of anticancer drugs in a nanoparticle i.e., liposomal system offers safe platforms for the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs for cancer therapy. This may also be helpful and useful for reducing the cytotoxic side effects of anticancer drugs on normal cells. This short review focuses on the use of liposomes in anticancer drug delivery, different liposomal formulations for cancer, and the mechanism of action of liposomal drug delivery for cancer therapy and some of the recent finding bioactive compound used in liposomal form for the cancer treatment.

Background and Aims: Optimal head and neck positioning is very important for successful endotracheal intubation in patients with a difficult airway. Our study aims to investigate whether the use of ramped position can help decrease the incidence of unanticipated difficult airway. Our primary objective is to compare ease of endotracheal intubation between standard and ramped positions. Our secondary objective is to compare the laryngeal view between standard and ramped positions. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in 150 patients belonging to American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status (ASA PS) I, III, III between the age group of 18-60 years who underwent elective surgery under general anaesthesia (GA). Airway assessment was done preoperatively and patients with Airway Difficulty Score (ADS) less than 8 were selected for the study. Group R was placed in ramped position and Group S was placed in sniffing morning air/standard position. Both groups were assessed intraoperatively for ease of intubation and laryngeal view. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 11.0 software. Results: Time taken for intubation was more in ramped position than standard position (P=0.006). Number of first attempts was more in standard position compared to ramped position and second and third attempts were more in ramped position than standard position (P =0.003). Better laryngeal view was obtained in standard position than ramped position (P=0.032). Conclusion: Ramped position required more time to intubate, more attempts at intubation and showed more difficult laryngeal views compared to standard position.

This study investigated the efficiency of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) foliar spraying on basil (Ocimum basilucum) growth and oxidative stress alleviation under drought conditions. Basil plant subjected to four water levels (100, 75, 50 and 25% FC), at the same time leaves were sprayed with 100, 150 and 250 μM SNP. The results demonstrate that basil growth significantly decreased under drought stress, while SNP spraying, with all studied concentrations, significantly enhanced plant growth under drought conditions. Out of three SNP concentration tested, 150 μM proved to be the optimal treatment for ameliorating drought stress. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids content increased under drought conditions. Application of SNP at all studied treatments significantly improved chlorophyll a and carotenoid content mainly under moderate and severe drought condition (50, 25% FC). Proline concentration in the basil leaves significantly decreased under drought condition while SNP application alleviated osmatic stress. As indicators of drought stress, H2O2 and MDA content increased. SNP application alleviate drought stress by reducing H2O2 and MDA content. The beneficial effect of SNP was apparent in plants defensive state, where the concentration of ascorbic acid, oxidized glutathione and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) showed higher levels compered to untreated stressed control. Under all drought levels, the most pronounced improvement achieved for SOD activity (3 folds) by applying 250 µM SNP, for APX activity (24 folds) at150 µM SNP and for GR activity (2 folds) at 100 µM higher than untreated stressed plants. Therefore, foliar usage of SNP at 100, 150 and 250 µM might be suggested as an efficient way for enhancing basil tolerance to drought stress.

Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS) is an uncommon motor neuron disorder. Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is characterized by insidious onset of progressive upper motor neuron dysfunction in the absence of clinical signs of lower motor neuron involvement . The course of the disease is insidious and progressive, usually starting with the lower extremities, weakness may progress to affect the arms and the muscles at the base of the brain (bulbar muscles). As a rare disease, diagnosis is exclusionary. We are reporting a case of 46 year old female presented with lower limb weakness since 3 years which progressed to upper limb weakness and spastic dysarthria.

Top of the basilar artery syndrome is a rare condition that can cause intracranial ischemia. In this syndrome, there may be mild findings as well as permanent neurological disorders and death.A 60-year-old male patient, who applied to the emergency department with complaints of olfactory and speech disorder, was diagnosed with top of the basilar artery syndrome after neurological examination and cranial imaging, and reperfusion therapy could not be performed due to contraindications. In the following time, the neurological symptoms progressed and the patient was intubated due to the development of respiratory failure. The patient died in the 12th hour of his admission to the emergency department. Impaired sense of smell may be the presenting finding of top of the basilar artery syndrome, especially in patients with risk factors for cranial ischemia. Emergency physicians should be careful in this regard and provide early diagnosis and treatment.

Gata Vata comes under the category of Vata Vyadhi where the vitiated Vata gets located in a particular Sthana (site) resulting in manifestation of specific Lakshana related the Shana where it is located. The Brihatrayee and Acharya Yogaratnakar have thoroughly elaborated on Gata Vata with clarity and objectivity in their works. Acharaya Charaka while explaining about treatment for Asthimajja Gata Vata, emphasizes to consider both Asthi and Majja for treating through Snehana (Oleation) in both Bahya (externally) and Abhyantara (internally). Avascular necrosis (AVN) is Osteo-necrosis (dead bone) caused due to the injury or any occlusion in the blood vessels nourishing the bone tissue. It may be classified mainly into two types: 1) Post traumatic 2) Idiopathic. The arteries supplying to the femoral head are very narrow and hence are easily liable to injury resulting necrosis. It may be asymptomatic in the beginning but in advanced stages that lead to painful arthritis and in extreme cases, it may result in the collapse of a section of bone. Ayurveda has been playing the vital role in curing chronic and untreatable conditions of AVN. But principles of Ayurveda Chikitsa must be applied clinically to diseases which are not described in Ayurveda texts which are termed as Anukta Vyadhi (unmentioned disease). An effort was made to evaluate the efficiency of Panchakarma (five therapeutic procedures) treatment along with the conservative managements of AVN.

Most of the cases with gastrointestinal Strongyloides infection are quite asymptomatic. Whereas mild symptoms isusually bearable, not specific to the particular to G. I. tract. Some of the patients have abdominal pain, bloating, heartburn, intermittent episodes of diarrhea and constipation, a dry cough, and skin rashes except immune compromised individual they have severe form of life threatening infection.We are reporting a case of immune competent person with febrile illness and severe G. I. infection with Strongyloides.

The Kabuki syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, mainly associating an intellectual deficit, a polymalformative syndrome and specific morphological variations of the face allowing the diagnosis. It is also a rare cause of syndromic deafness. The aim of our work is to draw the practitioner's attention to the ENT manifestations of this syndrome as well as the clinical and therapeutic particularities of the hearing loss associated with it. We report the case of 3 children seen in consultation. Each child has an ENT and general clinical examination, impedancemetry, ABR and ASSR exploration. Due to its characteristic facial dysmorphism, ENT clinical manifestations are almost constant in Kabuki syndrome. Deafness is one of the handicaps frequently encountered in these patients and must be systematically screened. The early and adequate management of ENT manifestations contributes to reducing the significant morbidity presented by these patients. Kabuki syndrome should be kept in mind when evaluating an individual with syndromic hearing loss.