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Table of Contents: Volume 17; Issue 02; February 2025

Life Sciences

  1. Alejandro Alviter-Aguilar, Pedro Arturo Martínez-Hernández, Enrique Cortés-Díaz, Alejandro Rodríguez-Ortega, José Luis Zaragoza-Ramírez y Elba Ronquillo-De Jesús
    ABSTRACT:

    En el grupo de las arvenses más importantes está Parthenium hysterophorus, con potencial alelopático devastador en praderas, pastizales y otros cultivos agrícolas. En busca de su eliminación se han establecido estrategias, sin tener avances importantes al respecto. Esta arvense tiene depredadores naturales que pueden ser utilizados en programas para su control biológico. En muestras de plantas secas de P. hysterophorus almacenadas entre uno y dos años que fueron utilizadas para pruebas de germinación se encontró un escarabajo que consume hojas, flores y semillas. Se colectaron huevos, larvas, pupas y adultos, conservados en solución alcohol: agua en relación 70:30 para posterior análisis en laboratorio. El objetivo del estudio fue la identificación taxonómica y biológica de un posible insecto depredador hallado en plantas deshidratadas y almacenadas de P. hysterophorus. Los resultados de identificación arrojaron que es el gorgojo del tabaco Lasioderma serricorne Fabricius. Este coleoptero se caracteriza por ser uno de los que más daños ocasiona a la industria del tabaco, sin embargo, varios estudios demostraron que también prefiere otras fuentes de alimentos secos almacenados como: cereales, diversas especies de plantas, papel, tela y piel. Que no solamente es de importancia en la actividad industrial, sino también en herbarios, bibliotecas y museos. Se concluye que el insecto hallado en plantas deshidratadas y almacenadas de P. hysterophorus es Lasioderma serricorne Fabricius, y se suma a la lista de insectos depredadores que pueden ser utilizados en programas de control biológico de P. hysterophorus arvense invasiva y alelopática en praderas de alfalfa en la Región del Valle del Mezquital, Estado de Hidalgo, México.

  2. Bansi Thanki, Rekha G. Dhammar, Kunal N. Odedra, Anjali Varshney and Jadeja, B. A.
    ABSTRACT:

    Patch dynamics play an important role in shaping plant communities by influencing biodiversity, species interactions, and ecological resilience. The stability of patches is highly influenced by environmental disturbances such as seasonal variations, soil composition changes, and human-induced alterations. Thus, the knowledge of structural and functional differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous patches is critical for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. This study assesses species composition, biodiversity, and soil properties across homogeneous and heterogeneous patches along the Asmavati Riverfront, Porbandar. It evaluates seasonal variations in species abundance, richness, and connectivity while analysing the influence of environmental factors on patch stability. The key ecological parameters measured were the Perimeter-Area Ratio, Shape Index, and Nearest Neighbour Distance; phytosociological features included Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index and Simpson's Diversity Index. The patch dynamics of a site also related to the soil physicochemical properties like pH, temperature, and water-holding capacity. The results show that heterogeneous patches have higher species richness, ranging from 11 to 15 species. The Shannon-Weiner Index was higher in heterogeneous patches (1.742 to 2.062) than in homogeneous patches (0.624 to 0.673), showing greater ecological stability. Soil pH varied between 7.2 in winter and 9.5 in summer, and water-holding capacity decreased from 40% to 16% in some patches. The ANOVA results showed that the seasonal variations were significant, especially in species abundance (F = 8.25, p < 0.01) and soil temperature (F = 56.64, p < 1.02 × 10⁻⁷). These results indicate the ecological benefits of patch heterogeneity in maintaining biodiversity and resilience, emphasizing the need for conservation strategies that prioritize diverse habitat structures to ensure long-term ecosystem sustainability.

  3. Ms Sneha Vilas Kulkarni
    ABSTRACT:

    "Terrorism" may well prove to be the most crucial word in the political vocabulary these days. Hundreds of billions of dollars are spent worldwide to bring this particular form of violent political crime or illicit mode of waging conflict under control while people die every day from acts of terrorism. Nevertheless, some people do not seem to bother to define terrorism and violent extremism, nor do they consider it worthwhile defining the concept. This study will probe the criteria applied by various nation-states while choosing the military and non-military actions and policies to counter terrorism and extremism, when framing it in a particular perception.

  4. Ibrahim Mamane Radjikou, Halima Oumarou Diadié, Roukaya Abdou Souley, Abdoul-Aziz Saïdou, Saley Kaka, Balla Abdourahamane
    ABSTRACT:

    Les légumes-feuilles vertes demeurent fortement dans les habitudes alimentaires des populations au Niger. Uneenquête aainsi été réalisée auprès decinq cent quatre-vingt (580) ménages des localités d’enquête (Dosso, Maradi, Tahoua, Tillabéry et Zinder). La taille de l’échantillon a été obtenue selonla formule de Daniel Schwartz. Ces localités sont tirées en fonction du poids de la population de chaque région et commune. Les résultats de cette exploration ont permis d’inventorier soixante-seize (76) espèces reparties en trente-cinq (35) familles des légumes à feuilles vertes. Par ailleurs, 79,1% des ménages utilisent ces légumes feuilles à travers la production et l’achat. La cuisson est le mode de consommation le plus utilisé (43%) sur ces légumes à feuilles vertes. Ils sont consommés en sauce (40%) et conservés sous forme séchée (66,9%) sur une période très longue (365jours à plus). Outre l’aspect alimentaire, 38% font l’objet de revenu et 34% contribuent sur le soin de santé traditionnel (paludisme, diarrhée, hémorroïdes etc.). Malgré une forte consommation de ces espèces, 41,2% infirment une appréciation sur certaines d’entre elles (Abelmoschus esculentus ; Limeum viscosum; Mahinot esculenta ;Gisekia pharnacioides ; Colocasia esculentaetc.) sur le fait qu’elles leur sont inhabituelles (39,2%), n’aiment pas (27,5%) ou un interdit culturel (13,5%). De plus, plusieurs raisons (à cause du goût ; bénéfice santé ; besoin urgent etc..) ont poussé les consommateurs à vouloir domestiquer certains (Moringa oleifera, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Abelmoschus esculentus, Cassia tora, Adansosssnia digitata, Brassica oleracea et Corchorus etc.). Ces légumes à feuilles vertes contribuent à la population de façon substantielle à être plus résiliente dans leur besoin quotidien (80,7%). Ils pourraient constituer une base de plusieurs mets locaux bien que la connaissance des vertus nutritives de ces espèces reste un angle fermé pour la plupart des personnes.

  5. Swamy, K.R.M.
    ABSTRACT:

    Turmeric belongs to the belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, genus Curcuma and species Curcuma longa. It is also known as Curcuma domestica; Curcuma aromatic. Also known as Indian saffron. Turmeric's influence extends beyond the kitchen and apothecary. It has made its mark in art and culture. In Indian traditional dance, turmeric paste is applied to dancers' feet before performances, signifying purity and grace. It has also been used to create intricate rangoli designs and as a natural dye for clothing. Turmeric names in different languages are in Hindi: Haldi, Bengali: Halud, Father Gujarati: Haladhar, Haldi, Kannada: Arisiya, Konkani: Halad, Malayalam: Manjal, Marathi: Halde, Halad, Oriya: Haldi , Punjabi: Haldar, Haladhar, Haldi, Sanskrit: Haldi, Harita, Tamil: Manjal, Telugu: Pasupu, Urdu: Turmeric. In Sanskrit, turmeric has at least 53 different names, including anestha (not offered for sacrifice or homa), bhadra (auspicious or lucky), bahula (plenty), dhirgharaja (long in appearance), gandhaplashika (which produces good smell), gauri (to make fair), gharshani (to rub), haldi (that draws attention to its bright color), haridra (dear to hari, Lord Krishna), harita (greenish), hemaragi (exhibits golden color), hemaragini (gives the golden color), hridayavilasini (gives delight to heart, charming), jayanti (one that wins over diseases), jawarantika (which cures fevers), kanchani (exhibits golden color), kaveri (harlot), krimighni or kashpa (killer of worms), kshamata (capability), laxmi (prosperity), mangalprada (who bestows auspiciousness), mangalya (auspicious), mehagni (killer of fat), nisha (night), nishakhya (known as night), nishawa (clears darkness and imparts color), patwaluka (perfumed powder), pavitra (holy), pinga (reddish-brown), pinja (yellow-red powder), pita (yellow), pitika (which gives yellow color), rabhangavasa (which dissolves fat), ranjani (which gives color), ratrimanika (as beautiful as moonlight), shifa (fibrous root), shobhna (brilliant color), shiva (gracious), shyama (dark colored), soubhagaya (lucky), survana (golden color), survanavara (which exhibits golden color), tamasini (beautiful as night), umavara (Parvati, wife of Lord Shiva), vairagi (who remains free from desires), varavarnini (which gives fair complexion), varna datri (enhancer of body complexion), varnini (which gives color), vishagni (killer of poison), yamini (night), yoshitapriya (beloved of wife), and yuvati (young girl). Turmeric is the dried knobby shaped rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa. Noted for its bright yellow color, it is related to and similar in appearance to ginger. The origin of the Latin name Curcuma stems from the Arabic ordal-kurkum which was the original word for saffron. This is most likely since both saffron and turmeric are used to make yellow colored dyes. In many languages, the name “turmeric” literally means “yellow root”. In ifferent languages turmeric is called: kurkum (Arabic & Hebrew), huang jiang (Mandarin Chinese), curcuma (French, German, Italian, Spanish), and haldi (Hindi). Turmeric belongs to the genus Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) and, is a commercially important crop because of its pharmacological, nutritional, religious, and cultural significance. The crop is indigenous to India and has a very long history of cultivation in Asia. The genus Curcuma contains about 80 species all over Asia. The other important species related to turmeric are C. amada, C. angustifolia, C. aromatica, C. caesia and C. zedoaria. Turmeric is a cross-pollinated, triploid species, which can be vegetatively propagated using its underground rhizomes. Curcuminoid compounds (Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) isolated from the rhizomes of turmeric possess various pharmacological activities. In particular, curcumin is reported as a valuable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-microbial compound. Genetic improvement work on turmeric is typically limited to germplasm selection as hybridization is unsuccessful in many cases. In this review article on Origin, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetic Diversity, Breeding and Cultivation of Turmeric are discussed.

  6. Swamy, K.R.M.
    ABSTRACT:

    Dill belongs to the family Apiaceae, genus Anethum, and species Anethum graveolens. The name dill is thought to have originated from a Norse or Anglo-Saxon word 'dylle' meaning to soothe or lull, the plant having the carminative property of relieving gas. In some English speaking countries, it is sometimes called Dillby. In some Asian local languages it is called as "Shepu" or "Sowa". Common names are dill, Indian dill. The name “dill” means to “calm or soothe,” and most likely originates from the plant’s known ability to calm troubled stomachs and colicky infants. The Latin name of a plant often tells us something about the plant’s characteristics, and dill is no exception. The name Anethum describes dill’s growth habits. The word is a combination of the words ano and theo, which when used together mean “upwards I run.” Anethum also originates from the Greek word aneson or aneton, which is most likely also the origin of the name anise. The Latin name graveolens comes from a combination of two words; gravis, meaning “heavy or weighty,” and oleo, which means “producing a smell or odor.” When combined into graveolens the meaning of these two words becomes “emitting a heavy odor or strong smelling.” Thus, the name Anethum graveolens means a tall plant with a vigorous growth habit that has a strong smell. Common names of dill in Gujarati: Suva, Hindi: Soya, Kannada: Sabbasige, Sabaseege, Sabbakkisoppu, Sabasi, Malayalam: chatakuppa, Manipuri: Pakhon, Marathi: Shepu, Balantshopa, Sanskrit: Shatapushpa, Misi, Shaaley, Sheetashiv, Chhatraa, Madhurikaa, Mishreyaa, Tamil: catakuppai, kattucata kuppai, Telugu: sompa.Dill is an important aromatic as well as medicinal annual herb from the Apiaceae family. Seeds and leaves of this plant are used as the main edible parts and it is a widely used spice due to its pleasant spicy aroma and plenty of nutritional and medicinal properties. Dill essential oil contains dill apiole, carvone, carvacrol, dihydrocarvone, limonene, p-cymenand α-phellandrene. It is used in the treatment of several ailments viz., gripe water to relieve colic pain in babies and flatulence in young children, while the seed is carminative, mildly diuretic, galactogogue stimulant and stomachic. It is also used in the cure of certain urinary complaints, piles and mental disorders. In India during 2019–2020, dill was cultivated in an area of 32.79 thousand ha with a production of 34.56 thousand tonnes seed and a productivity of 1054 kg/ha. These tiny flowers make small umbellate flower bunch which provides a right landing platform for pollinators. The relative significance of insect pollinators for reproductive success of any cross pollinated plant species depends on availability of pollen and nectar, visitation frequency and ability to deposit pollen on the stigma in single visit. Earlier studies reported honeybees, solitary bees, syrphids, muscids, some beetles and butterflies species as floral visitors of seed spices. This annual plant with aromatic foliage and seeds, Anethum graveolens, is the sole species in that genus of the parsley family (Apiaceae or Umbelliferae). It is thought to have originated in Eastern Europe, southern Russia, central and southern Asia. It has naturalized in many other parts of the world, and can be seen as a roadside weed in July and August in many parts of the United States. Although we know it primarily as a culinary herb, it was used historically for medicinal and magical purposes. In this review article on Origin, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetic Diversity, Breeding and Cultivation of Dill are discussed

  7. Ashish kumar Jat, Dr. Sushma BJ, Dr. Nitesh Meena, Dr. Mukesh Tiwari
    ABSTRACT:

    Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease in the elderly, causing pain and stiffness due to cartilage loss and bone changes. Essential minerals like calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron are crucial for joint health, but their role in OA progression remains unclear. Objectives: • To determine and compare the serum levels of calcium , phosphorus, magnesium and iron levels in patients with and without osteoarthritis. To asses the Calcium and Phosphorus ratio in patients with Osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: A total of 138 subjects were included in the study. This includes 69 with osteoarthritis and 69 without Osteoarthritis in patients. Subjects with and without osteoarthritis in the age group 40-70 years of all genders after obtaining informed consent were included in the study. Patients with Rheumatoid arthritis,History of joint surgery, History of inflammatory joint disease, History of renal failure, Patients with parathyroid disease where excluded from study. Results: OA patients have significantly calcium, phosphorus and iron levels but magnesium, levels not significantly compar. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is significantly OA patients. Conclusion: OA patients exhibit significantly serum calcium (p = 0.00090), phosphorus levels (p = 0.02652) magnesium (p = 0.025613) and iron (p = 0.00295) levels,. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is significantly (p = 0.00590).

  8. Deepak kumar Jat, Dr. Sushma BJ, Dr. Gaffar Khan and Dr. Mukesh Tiwari
    ABSTRACT:

    Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by systemic inflammation and joint damage. Variations in calcium, phosphorus, iron, and magnesium levels may influence disease progression, but previous studies report mixed findings. Evaluating these mineral levels and their ratios in RA patients and healthy controls may offer valuable clinical insights. Objectives: To determine and compare the serum calcium, phosphorus, iron and magnesium levels in patients with Rheumatiod Arthritis and Healthy Controls. To asses serum calcium and phosphorus ratio in patients with Rheumatiod Arthritis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 106 subjects, with 53 Rheumatoid Arthritis patients and 53 Healthy Controls, aged 30 to 70 years. Clinically stable RA patients are included, while those with osteoarthritis, autoimmune disorders, severe illnesses, chronic inflammation, recent RA medication changes, or mineral supplements are excluded. Serum calcium, phosphorus, iron, and magnesium levels, along with the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio, are analyzed using biochemical assays and statistical methods. Results: RA patients have significantly lower calcium, magnesium, and iron levels but higher phosphorus levels compared to healthy controls. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is notably reduced in RA patients. Conclusion: RA patients exhibit significantly lower serum calcium (p = 0.01632), magnesium (p = 0.00536), and iron (p < 0.0001) levels but higher phosphorus levels (p = 0.00509) compared to healthy controls. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is significantly reduced (p < 0.0001), indicating impaired bone mineralization and an increased risk of fractures.

Physical Sciences and Engineering

  1. Hasibul, Sk.
    ABSTRACT:

    Liberation, or Moksha, has long been regarded as the highest Purushartha (human goal) in Indian philosophy, representing a metaphysical concept integral to human existence. Despite its central role, Moksha is often overlooked in daily life. Indian philosophical traditions propose various paths to Moksha, with distinct interpretations across different schools of thought, such as Jnana Marga, Karma Marga, and Bhakti Marga. Common to all paths is the rejection of all the desires of individual self and focusing instead on the connection with the Supreme Soul, Brahman, or the Absolute. Moksha is perceived as the ultimate state of freedom, free from the suffering of the mundane world, representing the true nature of the human soul. However, in contemporary society, there is a noticeable shift towards the pursuit of empirical pleasure derived from sensory experiences, in contrast to the path leading to Moksha. This raises critical questions: Is there a lack of awareness regarding the concept of liberation, or is there a decline in faith in Indian philosophical systems? The pursuit of worldly pleasure may trap individuals in the cycle of bondage, while liberation signifies freedom from the cycle of birth and death. The modern generation’s disconnection from the importance of Moksha could be attributed to factors such as Avidya (ignorance), which prevents individuals from engaging in Niskama Karma, a self-realization path. This paper seeks to explore the reasons for this neglect and aims to advocate for the acceptance and practice of Moksha as the highest Purushartha in the present era, calling attention to its relevance in contemporary spiritual life.

  2. Cloves Rocha Sampaio Júnior and Tran Dinh Son
    ABSTRACT:

    No scientific theory lasts forever, but specific research and discoveries continuously build upon each other. The three classic ancient Greek mathematical challenges likely referring to are “Doubling The Circle”, “Trisecting An Angle” & “Squaring The Circle”, all famously proven Impossible under strict compass-and-straightedge constraints, by Pierre Wantzel (1837) using field theory and algebraic methods, then also by Ferdinand von Lindemann (1882) after proving π is transcendental. These original Greek challenges remain impossible under classical rules since their proofs rely on deep algebraic/transcendental properties settled in the 19th century. Recent claims may involve reinterpretations or unrelated advances but do overturn these conclusions above. Among these, the "Squaring The Circle" problem and related problems involving π have captivated both professional and amateur mathematicians for millennia. The title of this paper refers to the concept of "constructing a regular triangle that has the exact area of a given circle," or “Triangling the Circle”. This research idea arose after the “Squaring The Circle” problem was studied and solved and published in “SJPMS” in 2024.This paper presents an exact solution to constructing a regular triangle that is concentric with and has the same area as any given circle. The solution does not rely on the number π and adheres strictly to the constraints of Euclidean geometry, using only a straightedge and compass. The technique of “ANALYSIS” is employed to solve the “Triangling the Circle” problem precisely and exactly with only a straightedge and compass, without altering any premise of the problem. This independent research demonstrates the solution to the challenge using only these tools. All mathematical tools and propositions in this solution are derived from Euclidean geometry. The methodology involves geometric methods to arrange the given circle and its equal-area regular triangle into a concentric position. Building on this method of exact “Triangling A Circle,” one can deduce an equivalent problem to formulate a new mathematical challenge: "Hexagoning A Circle" (i.e., constructing a regular hexagon that has the same area as a given circle, using only a straightedge and compass).

  3. Kelvin Chikwati
    ABSTRACT:

    This study, titled Leveraging ICT for Sustainable Supply Chain Management in Malawi: Enhancing Transparency, Efficiency, and Sustainable Practices, explores the transformative potential of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools within Malawi's supply chain sector. Despite its critical role in economic development, the sector's integration of advanced ICT solutions, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, remains underdeveloped. The research aims to assess ICT adoption levels, identify associated benefits and challenges, and propose actionable recommendations to enhance operational efficiency and sustainability. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates qualitative interviews with supply chain professionals from key organizations Rab’s Processors, Ethanol Company Limited, BNC Packaging Limited, and Lujeri Tea Estate and quantitative surveys targeting IT managers, procurement officers, warehouse supervisors, and logistics managers. Comparative secondary data analysis, including insights from Hsin’s (2008) study in Tunisia, further contextualizes the findings. Results indicate limited adoption of advanced ICT tools, with no evidence of AI or Blockchain implementation among the surveyed organizations. However, ERP systems and IoT tools were widely used, contributing to improved cost management and operational efficiency. Despite challenges such as resource constraints and respondent bias, the study highlights significant opportunities for advancing ICT integration. The findings emphasize the urgency for policymakers to incentivize ICT adoption through targeted training, infrastructure development, and public-private partnerships. Embracing these technologies can enhance transparency, competitiveness, and sustainable economic growth. Future research should focus on identifying barriers to ICT adoption and conducting cross-country comparisons to establish a comprehensive framework for ICT integration in developing economies.

Health Sciences

  1. Parveen Malhotra, Vani Malhotra, Pranav Malhotra, Navya Malhotra, Yogesh Sanwariya, Senti
    ABSTRACT:

    Introduction: Chronic hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is responsible for almost one third cases of cirrhosis which require liver transplantation as the definitive treatment which in developing country like India, is not easily accessible due to limited centres and specialists for the same. There are various routes of transmission for HCV, many of them are well documented but certain like sexual one requires more in depth researches for determining its exact contribution in transmission. Aims and Objectives: To determine the sexual transmission in HCV confirmed patients. Materials & Methods: It was prospective study conducted at Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, over a period of ten years from 1st January, 2014 to 31st December, 2024. Out of ten thousand patients of Chronic hepatitis C who reported in department in last ten years duration, 800 patients pre therapy HCV RNA was not detected; hence they were excluded from the study. Out of the remaining 9200 patients, 200 patients never got their spouses checked for HCV infection, hence they were also excluded from the study. The remaining 9000 confirmed patients of Chronic hepatitis C in whom spouses got checked for HCV antibody and RNA test were included in the study. Results: Out of the 9000 patients in whom spouses were checked for HCV infection,635 (7.05%) were found to be HCV positive and 8365 (92.95%) were HCV negative. Conclusion: The sexual route cannot be missed as an important route, especially in those who have other co-risk factors.

  2. Parveen Malhotra, Vani Malhotra, Pranav Malhotra, Navya Malhotra, Yogesh Sanwariya, Shruti
    ABSTRACT:

    Introduction-Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is constituted by ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. In western countries, both have almost equal representation but in India, predominantly ulcerative colitis is seen. Ulcerative colitis affects large bowel whereas Crohn’s disease can be seen throughout gastro-intestinal tract but both of them can have extra-intestinal involvement of skin and hairs, symptoms of which can start before, simultaneously or later in the course of IBD. Case Series- Our instituteis tertiary care centre and thus we get plenty of referrals including suspected cases of IBD. Hence, there is good load of IBD patients who come for regular follow up for last many years. We analysed 100 males and 100 females of confirmed IBD who were on regular follow up for many years for hair loss. Out of 100 males, 28 (28%) had hair loss whereas out of 100 females, 40 (40%) had hair loss during course of this disease. Conclusion-The treating gastroenterologist and physicians should be extra vigilant for extra-intestinal manifestation of IBD which include hair fall also, which has huge cosmetic value, especially in young patients which constitute major percentage of IBD.

  3. Ojas Vijayanand Potdar
    ABSTRACT:

    This study evaluates the diagnostic utility of urine routine microscopy in the management of urology patients. Over 1000 patients presenting with urological complaints were analyzed. The findings underscore the relevance of urine microscopy in detecting urinary tract infections (UTIs), hematuria, crystalluria, and other pathological conditions. By correlating microscopy findings with definitive diagnostic tests, the study highlights its utility in clinical decision-making. The results support the routine use of this cost-effective diagnostic tool in both primary and specialized urological care.

  4. Dr. Manoj Pathak and Sapna Tiwari
    ABSTRACT:

    The misuse of dowry-related laws by some individuals in India has emerged as a significant concern. While dowry is a deeply entrenched social issue, laws such as Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code and the Dowry Prohibition Act were introduced to protect women from harassment and exploitation. However, there have been growing reports of these laws being misused by women to file false dowry cases against their spouses and in-laws. This trend, though not widespread, has raised questions about the balance between safeguarding women's rights and preventing the misuse of legal provisions. False dowry cases can lead to severe consequences for the accused, including social stigma, financial losses, and mental anguish. Judicial systems have recognized this issue, with courts emphasizing the need for careful scrutiny of complaints and discouraging frivolous litigation. However, the misuse of laws should not overshadow their importance in protecting genuine victims of dowry harassment. A multifaceted strategy is needed to address this problem, which includes enhancing systems for early detection of false complaints, encouraging gender-sensitive education, and increasing public understanding of legal provisions. Simultaneously, it is imperative to guarantee that legitimate victims continue to obtain the necessary help and legal protection. India can maintain justice and prevent the abuse of dowry-related laws without reducing their ability to solve the underlying issue by promoting a more equitable and balanced judicial system.

  5. Dr. Shyamal Bar, Dr. Kasturi Mukherjee, Dr. Poulomi Roy and Dr. Prakash Banerjee
    ABSTRACT:

    Spacing is a common complexity, can be seen in both maxillary and mandibular arches or between any tooth which has to be corrected to bring out the perfect smile for which everyone aims. This case report highlights the treatment of a patient with a midline diastema by using a combination of both fixed orthodontic mechanotherapy and frenectomy procedure. A 22-year-old female patient, whose chief complaint was a small diastema between upper central incisors, had a symmetric face and competent lips. Intraoral examination showed class 1 molar relationship in buccal segment with normal overjet and overbite. For the closure of midline diastema, here we use frenectomy with fixed orthodontic appliances.

  6. Dr. Prakash Banerjee, Dr. Kasturi Mukherjee, Dr. Poulomi Roy and Dr. Shyamal Bar
    ABSTRACT:

    Orthopedic correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion in a growing individual is crucial as it can circumvent future surgical procedures. Further, as surgery is done only at a later stage, early treatment helps to avoid the ill effects produced by the facial disfigurement on the patient’s social life. This case report describes the treatment of a child aged 12 years who had a skeletal Class III malocclusion. The treatment plan involved the use of a reverse pull headgear (facemask) and multibracket appliance therapy resulting in successful correction of the malocclusion. The treatment results were highly satisfactory resulting in improved facial esthetics, a skeletal Class I with a dental Class I molar and canine relationship, an ideal overjet and overbite. Thus, if it is done in properly selected cases, alleviates the need for surgical intervention in futue. The patient is being monitored until the end of growth to ensure the stability of treatment results.

  7. Oluwakemi Iyabo Adeniji, Adetunji Oladeni Adeniji and Anuoluwapo Oluwapelumi Adeniji
    ABSTRACT:

    Introduction: Drug Revolving Fund (DRF) is a scheme whereby drugs and medical consumables are sold at an affordable cost (addition of the cost price plus a mark-up) to generate revenue which is used to replenish stocks, The implementation of the DRF scheme ata maximum capacity, promotes accessibility, availability, affordability, and sustainability of quality drugs and medical consumables. However, there has been reports on knowledge and certain factors towards the effectiveness of the DRF scheme. This study was therefore conducted to determine knowledge and factors influencing drug revolving fund scheme among clients attending selected hospitals in Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methodology: Cross sectional descriptive research design was used for the study. The study population were clients attending selected hospitals in Ijebu Ode. A formula was used to calculate the sample size, arriving at 132 respondents. Multistage sampling technique was used to select respondents for the study. Experts validated, structured questionnaires, with each divided into five sections were used to collect data. Analysis of the generated data was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 and the results were presented using descriptive statistics. Results: The study revealed a mean age of 37±1.Findings shows that clients attending selected hospitalsat Ijebu-Ode Ogun State have good knowledge 79(59.8%) of the DRF scheme. However, it was discovered that some factors inhibit the utilization of DRF scheme among patients as most of them113 (85.6%) affirmed that there is ineffective system of drug administration and control. Conclusion and Recommendation: Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that despite good knowledge of the DRF scheme, some factors militate against effectiveness of the scheme among patients attending selected hospitals in Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study recommended that, the Government should subsidize essential drugs to improve patients’ access and prevent over charge in drug prices and that health workers should ensure regular and adequate procurement of essential drugs in the health facility.

  8. Komal Lohchab, Himani Rathi and Vivek Chaudhary
    ABSTRACT:

    Lophomonas blattarum infections are very rare in human. However, in the world the major infections of L. blattarum occurred in China, 94.4%. The differentiate between this infection and the other pulmonary infections are very difficult because of the similar symptoms. Here we reported a case of L. blattarum infection confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid smear on the microscopic observations. The patient was a 40-year-old male farmer was admitted via OPD in GMC and associated Hospital, Badaun (UP) on 29 September, 2024. We briefly reviewed on this infection which is reported in the world during the recent 15-20 years. On the basis of epidemiology, diagnostic, and treatment of this disease we discussed the case to provide a better understanding of recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of L. blattarum infection.

  9. Chaitanya Ahire and Dr. Sambhaji Gunjal Ph.D
    ABSTRACT:

    Hypertension remains a major public health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Heart rate recovery (HRR) is an indicator of cardiovascular health and autonomic function, with impaired HRR linked to worse cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to observe HRR using the YMCA Step Test in hypertensive patients. An observational study was conducted with 50 hypertensive patients. The YMCA Step Test assessed HRR by measuring heart rate pre-test, immediately post-test, and at 1 post-test. Results showed a significant rise in heart rate immediately post-test, followed by a progressive decline, indicating efficient recovery. Variations in HRR were observed among different age and gender groups. These findings highlight the importance of regular HRR assessment and tailored exercise programs in managing hypertension.

  10. Risha Chaudhary, Priyadarshini Chaudhari, Dr. Khushbu Patel and Dr. C. N. Patel
    ABSTRACT:

    Breast cancer has been considered as the most common type of cancer among the women. The age-adjusted incidence rate is approximately 25.8 per 100,000 women, with a mortality rate of 12.7 per 100,000 women. This means that about 1 in 29 Indian women are at risk of developing breast cancer during their lifetime. Breast cancer happens when cells in the breast start to grow out of control. Physical signs that breast cancer is developing include changes to the skin on the breast, nipple discharge, and a new lump on or around the breast area. Breast cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the breast tissue. It usually begins in the milk ducts or milk-producing glands. Two major etiologic factors in pathogenesis of breast cancer are: Hormonal and genetic. Breast cancer is so prevalent; knowing the steps to help prevent or detect it is important. Vitamin D, a group of fat-soluble vitamins renowned for their role in preserving the balance of calcium and phosphorus. or people with cancer, a form called vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is preferred over vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) as it is better able to raise and sustain vitamin D levels. Some researchers contend that maintaining optimal vitamin D levels may not only prevent breast cancer but also slow disease progression in those with cancer by delaying changes that lead to metastasis.

  11. Khalid Dakhelalah Almutairi, Mansour Balkhyour and Maged EL-Setouhy
    ABSTRACT:

    Background: Globally, healthcare personnel play a crucial role in ensuring patient safety, yet their practices and compliance with infection control measures often vary. Limited training and exposure to occupational hazards, such as needle stick injuries, further complicate efforts to maintain a safe healthcare environment. Aim: The main objective of the current study is to assess the demographic characteristics, training status, and infection control practices among healthcare personnel to identify gaps and recommend improvements. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare personnel; data were collected on demographics, job characteristics, training in infection control, occupational hazards, and practice grades. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The study included 112 participants, with 51.8% males and 58.0% Saudi nationals. Most were aged 31–40 years (44.6%). Only 17.0% had received training on infection control, while 62.5% reported experiencing needle stick injuries. Job roles were evenly split between specialized and general duties (50% each). Nurses comprised the largest group (45.5%), and 51.8% held graduate qualifications. Practice grades showed that 54.5% demonstrated "Good" practices, while 45.5% fell into the "Poor" category. Conclusion: The study highlights critical gaps in infection control training and compliance, particularly in high-risk departments. Addressing these gaps through enhanced education programs, resource allocation, and policy enforcement is essential to improve workplace safety and reduce occupational hazards.

  12. Dr. Pravin Lambade, Dr. Samruddhi Banduji Hatwar and Dr. Smita Sutar
    ABSTRACT:

    Ankyloglossia, commonly known as tongue-tie, is a congenital condition caused by an abnormally short or restrictive lingual frenulum, which can significantly impact oral function, speech, and quality of life. This case series explores the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of three patients with symptomatic ankyloglossia, ranging from childhood to adulthood, who presented with varied functional and social challenges. Each patient underwent a lingual frenectomy, tailored to their specific needs, followed by individualized rehabilitation strategies such as speech therapy and orthodontic care. The multidisciplinary approach in each case resulted in successful resolution of symptoms, including improved tongue mobility, speech clarity, oral function, and enhanced confidence. This series highlights the importance of early diagnosis and personalized management plans in addressing both the functional and psychosocial aspects of ankyloglossia, offering valuable insights into the effectiveness of comprehensive care for this condition.

  13. Noor Mohamed, Aisha Al Falasi, Samia Farghaly, Nawal Majdi, Malalai Naqibullah, Yasmeena Adel1 and Michael E. Otim
    ABSTRACT:

    Introduction: Breast cancer remains a significant health concern globally and particularly in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), contributing to cancer-related mortality, especially among women. Despite advancements in screening and treatment, early detection remains pivotal for improving outcomes. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Breast cancer among residents in the United Arab Emirates. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study. It used a questionnaire-based tool for collection and was conducted through an electronic survey for 3 months. Collecting data started after getting approval from Dubai Medical College Ethical Committee. Female UAE residents of all nationalities and starting age 18 and above were included to participate in this study by online distribution of the survey. Results: Awareness and Knowledge: 85.3% were aware of the UAE's breast cancer screening program. 79.6% believed mammograms can detect breast cancer early. Gaps in recognizing signs like lumps and nipple changes were noted. Attitudes towards Screening: 94.8% considered breast cancer screening important for early detection, 68.7% perceived screening as easy to perform, 85.3% believed in the necessity of regular screening, and 62.1% never had breast screening. Practices: 34.1% practiced breast self-examination and only 25.6% underwent mammography. Barriers to Screening: 31.2% perceived no risk, hindering mammography, 16.6% cited time constraints, and 22.3% lacked knowledge for self-examination. Discussion: Our study highlights gaps in breast cancer awareness, screening practices, and knowledge among the surveyed population. Notably, 11.4% were unaware that skin dimpling is a cancer symptom, and only 25.6% had undergone mammography, reflecting similar trends in UAE and Saudi studies. Breast Self-examination (BSE) was practiced by 34.1%, though misconceptions persist. The study underscores the need for improved education and targeted interventions. Conclusion: High awareness and positive attitudes towards breast cancer screening were evident among UAE women. However, gaps in actual screening practices, attributed to perceived barriers like risk perception, time constraints, and knowledge gaps, suggest a need for targeted interventions to improve early detection and reduce mortality.

  14. Rajat Kumar
    ABSTRACT:

    Platelet rich fibrin is a second-generation platelet concentrate and a natural source of growth factors. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a leukocyte and platelet rich fibrin biomaterial that acts as a binding site for both platelets and growth factors. Through increasing the local concentration of growth factors at specific tissues, PRF promotes tissue regeneration. Placement of PRF is less technique sensitive than GTR and bone graft placement for the periodontal therapy. This review will attempt to summarize the relevant literature regarding the recent studies in regeneration procedures done with PRF.

  15. Dr. Kashinatha Shenoy, M. and Dr. Silpa, M.
    ABSTRACT:

    Objective: In current this study, aims to assess hyphema involving of eye presented to Emergency medicine department and Ophthalmology outpatient department at PIMS&RC, tertiary care hospital in Thiruvalla, south Kerala State, India.689001. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology and Emergency Medicine Department retrospective study, over a period of two years from May 2022 and May 2024. The medical records of all patients who attended emergency department and outpatient department were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were seen by trained emergency duty doctors, ophthalmologists, resident’s doctors. Patients with attending the Emergency department and the Ophthalmology department were included in the study after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed and comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed and visual acuity was noted at the presentation and follow-ups. The data collected data from medical record department and electronic patient record (EPR). The descriptive and analytic statistics were carried out. Purpose: The study aims to assess the hyphema involving anterior segment of eye presented at emergency department and ophthalmology outpatient department at PIMS&RC, Thiruvalla, Kerala State, and India. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology and Emergency Medicine Department between May 2022 and May 2024. The records of 108 eyes of 194 patients with a diagnosis of hyphema were retrospectively reviewed from electronic patient record (EPR). The medical records of all patients who attended emergency department and outpatient department were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were seen by trained emergency duty doctors, ophthalmologists, resident’s doctors. Patients with hyphema attending the Emergency department and the Ophthalmology department were included in this study after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed and comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed and visual acuity was noted at the presentation and follow-ups. The data collected data from medical record department and electronic patient record (EPR). The descriptive and analytic statistics were carried out. Results: A total number of194 patients were participated in this study. Out of 194 patients 108 eyes were involved 104(96.3%) eyes were unilateral involvement and 4(3.70%) eyes were bilateral involvement. 108 were male patients (55.7%) and 86 were (44.3%) female patients. Patients of all age groups were considered in this study. Most vulnerable age group was 20-40 years (59.2%) followed by 26-60 years (%). Most common mode of injuries were blunt injury eyes 54(50%) followed by neovascurization of iris(NVI) 24eyes (22.2%) , postoperative hyphema 18 eyeS (16.6)and patients underwent laser peripheral iridotomy12 eyes(11%) and 3 eyes with anterior chamber intra ocular lens(ACIOL)(2.7%). In our study maximum numbers of patients were farmers. Most common mode of injuries were blunt injury followed by systemic disorders like proliferative diabetic retinopathy PDR,) central vein occlusion( CRVO )and post-operative procedures.(Table 4).In our patients we saw grade 1 hyphema in 64 eyes (59.2%) followed by grade 2 hyphema seen in 26 eyes(24%). Management of hyphema includes medical management and surgical management. Most hyphema are self- limited resolve within 5-8days with bed rest, head end elevations more than 30 degrees, eye shields. Grade 1& 2 hyphemas without high IOP, treated with topical predforte 1% eye drops and homide eye drops.Eyes with high IOP treated with anti-glaucoma medication drugs. In our study no sickle cell disease patient. Out of 194 patients4 patients underwent phacoemulsification for traumatic cataract, 6 patients anterior chamber wash(AC WASH), and 8 patients underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin(0.2% MMC).We discontinued anticoagulants, antiplatelets , non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin.In our study we have not used antifibrinolytics such as tranexamic acid and aminiocaproic acid also reduce the risk of secondary haemorrhage by promoting coagulation. Surgical management is indicated in grade 4 hyphema with IOP more than 50mmHg and corneal blood staining. Conclusion: In our study ocular trauma was more common cause for hyphema. Majority of patients were farmers. Despite our methodology, the inherent limitations of studies should be considered and conclusion drawn from our pooled results should be interpreted with caution. Future large-volume, well-designed with extensive follow-up is awaited to confirm and update the findings of this analysis.

  16. Dr. Arti Negi, Dr. Nidhi Negi, Dr. Shalabh Jauhari, Dr. Neha Arya and Dr. Yogita Rawat
    ABSTRACT:

    Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern, with extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) posing significant diagnostic challenges. Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most common form of EPTB,35% of EPTB and 15-20% of all cases of Tuberculosis (TB).The diagnosis is complicated by the paucibacillary nature of specimen and the limitations of conventional diagnostic methods. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Truenat polymerase chain reaction (PCR) compared to Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) liquid culture in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in cervical lymph node aspirate samples. Methods: A total of 100 clinically suspected cases of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis were evaluated in this comparative study, from April 2023 to March 2024. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples were collected and processed for both Truenat PCR and MGIT liquid culture. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining was also performed. Culture results were taken as the gold standard for statistical analysis, and diagnostic parameters such as sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results: Out of 100 samples, MTB was detected in 29% (29/100) using Truenat PCR and 22% (22/100) using MGIT liquid culture. Among the 29 PCR-positive samples, 20 (69%) were also culture-positive, while 9 (31%) were culture-negative. Of the 22 MGIT-positive cases, 20 (91%) were also detected by PCR, whereas 2 (9%) were PCR-negative. ZN staining was positive in only 10% of samples. The sensitivity and specificity of Truenat PCR compared to MGIT culture were found to be 90.9% and 88.46%, respectively. Conclusion: Truenat PCR demonstrated higher sensitivity than MGIT culture, making it a valuable diagnostic tool for cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis. Given its rapid turnaround time and high accuracy, integrating Truenat into routine diagnostic workflows could improve early case detection, especially in resource-limited settings. This aligns with India's TB elimination goals and the global End TB strategy.

  17. Dr. Sushma, B.J.
    ABSTRACT:

    Background: Premature hair greying (PHG) is a complex phenomenon influenced by various factors. Systemic redox balance plays a crucial role in maintaining hair pigmentation and growth. The present study aimed to investigate systemic redox balance and trace element levels in subjects with PHG and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 40 PHG patients and 40 healthy controls in the age group 15–25 years after taking voluntary informed consent. 5 ml of venous blood sample was obtained from the subjects and used for the estimation of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper, iron, calcium, and zinc levels. MDA and SOD were estimated by the ELISA method and trace elements and calcium by an automated biochemistry analyzer. Results: The mean levels of MDA and SOD were found to be 1.553±0.58**, 68.90±21.04** in PHG as compared to healthy controls, which were 0.66±0.58, 148.3±16.99, respectively. The elevation of MDA levels and decreased SOD levels in PHG was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). This indicates systemic redox imbalance in PHG subjects. Similarly, the mean values of copper, iron, zinc, and calcium were significantly lowered in PHG subjects in comparison to healthy controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, the intricate dance between trace elements and systemic redox balance plays a pivotal role in maintaining the youthful Vigor of our hair. Premature hair greying, once considered an inevitable fate, is now revealed to be intimately linked to the delicate balance of essential micronutrients and the body's antioxidant defences. The antioxidant arsenal, comprising vitamins C and E, selenium, and other phytochemicals, serves as a formidable bulwark against the ravages of reactive oxygen species.

  18. Biraj Louriyam, Dr. Okram Geetchandra Singh and Dr. Colleen Sonia Pariat
    ABSTRACT:

    Background: Ensuring a safe and adequate blood supply is crucial for transfusion services. Objectives: This study investigates the prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) among voluntary blood donors at Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS), Imphal, Manipur. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2021, including 3,352 voluntary blood donors. Blood samples were screened for HIV, Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), Syphilis, and Malaria using ELISA and rapid test methods. Results: The overall TTI serop revalence was 2.03%, with HBV being the most prevalent (0.95%), followed by HCV (0.83%), HIV (0.14%), and Syphilis (0.11%). No Malaria cases were detected. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the need for robust donor screening, regular monitoring, and improved transfusion safety protocols.

  19. Dr. Kanav Mahajan, Dr. Vishnu, Dr. Manish Khanna and Dr. Nidhi Gupta
    ABSTRACT:

    Introduction: An inflammatory condition called rheumatoid arthritis (RA) results in persistent joint inflammation, which is painful and incapacitating. There are no racial or ethnic disparities in the prevalence of RA, which is believed to be between 1% and 2% worldwide. Inflammation is indicated by elevated blood levels of the C-Reactive Protein (CRP), which can be used to identify and track the illness. RA patients often experience a heavy burden of pain, disability, and limited activities, all of which have an impact on their health-related quality of life. Given the rising prevalence of RA worldwide, it is necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of medications and offer appropriate treatment to enhance patients' quality of life. Methodology: This was a prospective study conducted in orthopaedic OPD of ESIC Model Hospital Bari Brahamna in Jammu district. All the subjects (n=100) meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were briefed about the purpose of the study and the informed consent was obtained. The subject’s demographic details and responses were collected. All the enrolled patients were assessed at the time of starting the treatment, then at 2nd month and 5th month. The collected data were entered in microsoft excel and appropriate descriptive analysis was performed. Results: A total of 100 samples were enrolled in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of which 50% of the participants were on Methotrexate (MTX) and the other 50% were on Tofacitinib. Majority of the subjects in the study were women (79%) and men (21%) . On comparing the effectiveness of both Methotrexate and Tofacitinib, it was found that the rate of reduction of CRP levels and ESR was better with Tofacitinib in comparison to Methotrexate. Conclusion: From this study, Tofacitinib concludes to be more effective than Methotrexate with regard to its ability to decrease CRP levels and ESR in high disease activity patients.

Social Sciences and Humanities

  1. Mukul Kumari
    ABSTRACT:

    Climate change is increasingly recognized as a significant factor influencing insect population dynamics, with potentially far-reaching consequences for agricultural ecosystems. This study examines the effects of rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns on key pest species across various crops. Using a combination of field observations, laboratory experiments, and predictive modeling, we investigate changes in insect life cycles, distribution patterns, and pest pressure on crops. Our findings indicate that climate change is likely to lead to increased pest outbreaks, expanded geographical ranges for certain species, and altered timing of pest emergence. These changes pose significant challenges for pest management strategies and food security. We propose adaptive management approaches and emphasize the need for continued research to mitigate the impacts of climate change on agricultural systems.

  2. Jyoti Bala
    ABSTRACT:

    This article deals with the Panchayati Raj system and the role of Panchayati Raj system in Strengthening tribal women's leadership in Jharkhand. Women's leadership plays an important role in ensuring the effectiveness of the Panchayati Raj system in Jharkhand. These leaders, emerging from within their communities, act as agents of change and playing an aspirational role in decision making, advocating for local needs and guiding developmental initiatives. Despite recognizing the important role of women leaders in driving progress and community engagement. There are many challenges which act as a barrier in tribal women leadership. Initiatives like, improved communication, accessibility, transparent governance, interactions. Between local leaders and administrative bodies are important for sustainable development. Local leaders within the framework of the Panchayati Raj system in Jharkhand have a diverse role deeply Interconnected with governing their communities.

  3. Mohamed Abdulkadir Roble
    ABSTRACT:

    This study investigates the relationship between transformational leadership, organizational support, work environment, and remote worker performance within Somalia's banking sector. Using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) framework, the research explores the direct effects of these constructs on the performance of Remote Workers. Data were collected from 355 respondents and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal significant positive relationships between transformational leadership and organizational support and the work environment, emphasizing the role of leadership in fostering supportive organizational climates. Furthermore, organizational support and the work environment significantly enhanced remote worker performance, highlighting their importance as critical job resources. By expanding the JD-R framework, this study contributes to the theoretical understanding of leadership and organizational dynamics in remote work settings. It offers practical recommendations for optimizing remote worker performance in developing economies. These findings hold important implications for organizations seeking to adapt to the challenges of digital transformation and remote work in similarly resource-constrained contexts.

  4. Jeetendra Kumar Yadav
    ABSTRACT:

    The United Nations (UN) peacekeeping is one of the most important and long-lasting initiatives of the organization. It is based on international rules, principles, and decision-making processes that have been developed since the late 1940s. Peacekeeping has become a key part of the UN’s identity, representing its dedication to maintaining global peace and security. Over the years, UN peacekeeping has grown into one of the most well-known and respected functions of the organization. It is a symbol of the UN’s efforts to resolve conflicts and help countries recover after wars. So far, the UN has carried out over 120 peacekeeping missions in more than 50 countries across Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. These missions have played a crucial role in resolving conflicts, maintaining peace, and assisting nations in rebuilding after violence. This study aims to explore the evolving future roles of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions.

  5. Dr. Neha Agrawal, Dr. Garima Srivastava, Ms Shivani Mishra and Ms. Tanu Yadav
    ABSTRACT:

    The Union Budget 2025, delivered by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, prioritises economic growth, fiscal prudence, and social welfare (Government of India, 2025). The budget allocates ₹50.65 lakh crore, emphasising infrastructure development, defence, rural employment, and agricultural support, while preserving essential subsidies. Tax reforms seek to enhance middle-class consumption, whereas elevated capital expenditure is anticipated to foster investment and job development. The fiscal deficit aim is a primary concern, maintaining equilibrium between developmental objectives and economic stability. The budget emphasises digitalisation, green energy projects, and manufacturing incentives to promote sustained growth. Sectoral analysis reveals a robust advocacy for public-private partnerships and sustainable economic policies. This study rigorously analyses the budget's influence on inflation, employment, and investment sentiment. The budget establishes a robust basis for economic resilience; nonetheless, its total efficacy will hinge on successful execution and international economic circumstances (Government of India, 2025).

  6. Dr. Soleman Khan and Prof. Nuruzzaman Kasemi
    ABSTRACT:

    The higher fertility rate of Muslims than Hindus gives birth to social tensions and political concerns in India. The government of India followed ante-natal population policies where Muslims are not the exception. In India, a large section of the common people believed that the religion Islam had a significant positive role in the higher fertility rate of Muslims. Even a rumour had been believed by a section of Indian people that soon Muslims will be exceeding Hindus by number in India. Therefore, it is important to identify the views of Muslim religious leaders on the uses of various modern family planning methods to control the fertility rate of Muslims. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 180 local Muslim religious leaders whose ages ranged from 27 – 72 years. The local Islamic religious leaders are selected for an interview through multi-stage purposive convenience sampling. The result shows that all the Muslim religious leaders considered permanent methods of contraceptives i.e., sterilization (Both male and female sterilization), and abortion is strictly prohibited in Islam. However, there is controversy among the leaders regarding the use of various temporary modern contraceptives. The study also suggests that Islamic religious leaders are more comfortable with the word 'birth spacing' instead of 'birth control'.

  7. Dra. Elena Tejeda Rosales and Dra. Nadia Nadia Gil Ruiz
    ABSTRACT:

    Immunology is a branch of biology that studies the immune system, which is responsible for defending our body against everything it recognises as foreign, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and even our own cells that have become harmful, as in the case of cancer. Teaching this subject is challenging because many immunological concepts are abstract and difficult to visualise. However, by using appropriate pedagogical strategies and innovative teaching resources, it is possible to facilitate learning and make immunology a more accessible and engaging topic. Implementing new teaching strategies will not only update students' knowledge but also contribute to improving the overall quality of education in this field. In this project, QR codes, Virtual Classroom, and Padlet were used to teach cellular and humoral immunity topics. The percentage of acceptance and learning was calculated through validated questionnaires using a Likert scale. The results demonstrated collaborative work and the development of key skills among students, making it easier for them to understand the concepts. Among the tools used, QR codes were the most popular among the students, likely because they felt more immersed and participatory in the learning process.

  8. SEY Henri Joël
    ABSTRACT:

    This study focuses on ‘digital devices in the communicational transformation of the Regional Academy of Marine Sciences and Techniques (ARSTM) in Côte d'Ivoire’. The aim is to report on the use of digital information and communication tools at ARSTM and to describe the contribution of digital technology to the communicational transformation of this sub-regional training structure. This article is motivated by observations over the last five years of the increased integration of digital technologies into the professional practices of agents. To achieve our research objectives, we opted for a qualitative study following a literature search. The results of our research lead us to identify digital technology as a space conducive to the emergence of new communication and managerial practices at ARSTM.

  9. Mrs. Nitu Singh
    ABSTRACT:

    Shakespearean tragedies feature deep characterizations, especially of women who, despite being oppressed within the patriarchal confines of their society, contribute significantly to the development of the story and influence crucial events. In this paper, I look at the image of women in Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear, concentrating on their richly developed personalities, interconnections, and roles within the construction of the play's themes. The findings demonstrate that women were made to serve as instruments of morality and emotion, through which Shakespeare expresses and challenges accepted gender norms.

  10. MONGUE Emmanuel, LAVRY Lobohon Suzanne and TOH Alain
    ABSTRACT:

    Cette étude a pour objectif d’analyser les déterminants de la faible utilisation des résultats du suivi-évaluation dans le cadre du Programme de Décentralisation des Universités (PDU). L’hypothèse centrale avance que des déterminants sociaux et organisationnels sont à l’origine de cette sous-utilisation. Pour confirmer cette hypothèse, nous avons adopté pour une approche fonctionnaliste, combinant des méthodes de recherche variées: une revue documentaire, des enquêtes par questionnaires, des entretiens guidés et des observations directes. Les données recueillies ont été soumises à des analyses qualitatives et quantitatives afin d’en dégager des enseignements pertinents. Les résultats mettent en lumière des dysfonctionnements majeurs dans l’organisation et la mise en œuvre des activités de suivi-évaluation au sein du PDU. Les acteurs interrogés pointent du doigt un problème central: la faible exploitation des résultats issus du suivi-évaluation. Cette lacune compromet la capacité du programme à s’adapter et à optimiser ses performances. Plusieurs déterminants sont à l’origine de cette situation. Parmi eux, la diversité des mécanismes de suivi-évaluation occupe une place prépondérante. Cette multiplicité engendre une fragmentation des efforts et des données, rendant complexe leur harmonisation et leur utilisation efficace. Les systèmes en place manquent de coordination, ce qui limite leur impact global. Ces éléments confirment notre hypothèse de recherche, selon laquelle des déterminants sociaux et organisationnels entravent l’exploitation optimale des résultats du suivi-évaluation dans le cadre du PDU.

  11. Jiarul Miah
    ABSTRACT:

    A fruitful environment of democracy always depends on grass root level. Now a day the concept of local democracy also plays a vital role to the success of democracy. In India, the proper functioning of democratic institutions and processes at the local level is a determining and vital factor. Thus, local democracy is understood as a national model of democracy, as citizen participation in governance, as a form of self-organization of citizens, and as a democratic system at the grass root level. The newly included ‘enclave’ areas arenew terrain of experienced. Because of the 111 enclave areas of Bangladesh was deprived from the experience of local democracy and there were no local democratic institutions to enforce the local interest before the ‘Indo-Bangladesh land boundary agreement (2015)’. This article would highlight how the people of Nalgram enclave (Chitmahal) area are currently getting local democratic opportunities through Panchayati Raj institutions after Land Boundary Agreement (2015).

  12. GUIRO Toho Amandine
    ABSTRACT:

    L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les déterminants de l’orpaillage illicite dans le département de Toulepleu. L’hypothèse de travail soutient que l’orpaillage illicite dans ce département s’explique par la synergie de facteurs socioéconomiques, culturels et structurels. Pour rendre compte de l’objet d’étude, nous avons eu recours à trois (3) théories: la théorie économique du crime de Becker, la théorie culturaliste de Mead et la théorie de l’organisation d’Henri Fayol. L’étude documentaire, l’enquête-interrogation (questionnaires et guides d’entretien) et l’observation ont aidé à la collecte des données. Celles-ci ont subi l’épreuve des analyses qualitative et quantitative. Les résultats de l’étude révèlent une typologie des orpailleurs qui met en évidence une précarité économique généralisée qui touche différents groupes, notamment des mineurs, des jeunes en formation et des femmes. Les sites d'orpaillage illicite sont marqués par des conditions de vie précaires pour les acteurs qui y travaillent. Les conditions de travail sur les sites sont particulièrement ardues, avec des journées longues et des tâches dangereuses, effectuées dans des environnements à haut risque, notamment en raison de l'utilisation de produits chimiques toxiques comme le mercure et le cyanure. Les données recueillies ont mis en lumière trois (3) principaux déterminants notamment la rentabilité de l’orpaillage illicite, la transmission des pratiques et les défis de coordination entre les différents acteurs impliqués dans la politique de rationalisation de l’orpaillage. À la lumière de ces données, notre hypothèse de recherche est confirmée.

  13. Jacob Dut Chol Riak, PhD.
    ABSTRACT:

    Institutions have surfaced as engine of any government. While the government is the product of the state, it must be driven by the engine and in this case, the engine is the institutions and more specifically, political institutions. Building up from the work of John R. Common (2002) and Gabriel Almond (2007), institutions remain critical for effective functioning of the state and government. The study argues institutions as rules, procedures, policies, laws, regulations and systems that work in constraint in any given polity. The study surveys political institutions and particularly, political systems such as parliamentary, presidential and hybrid (mixed) using various global case studies. These three political systems were tested through empirical literature and each was found to have merits and demerits. Although any country can pick up any political system, it must be born in mind that the chosen political system must be contextual and environmentally relevant to that particular society. While the study appreciates the existing of political institutions, it argues that the working of such political institutions become paramount. Although the institutions must be effective and deliver require services, they must be driven by strong individuals. Having no established institution is bad. However, having established weak institutions is worse and above all, having strong institutions without strong individuals is a disaster to any state and government. After critical scrutiny of the global experience, the study concludes that institutions must be established, a culture to respect these institutions must be inculcated to the elites and for the institutions to produce good results, they must be run by strong and competent individuals with the highest integrity in that particular country.

  14. Dr. Davinder Kour
    ABSTRACT:

    The National Education Policy (NEP'2020) was established in 2020 with the goal of establishing India as a global educational superpower. The strategy, the third major overhaul of India's education system since independence, addresses fundamental issues such as Adaptability, interdisciplinary learning, cerebral understanding, reasoning, and moral values , mass education, and teacher priorities. The policy addresses problems raised by Indian students and faculty, with an emphasis on quality, affordability, fairness, access, and responsibility. It focuses on mass education from kindergarten to postgraduate students and handles legal concerns of the educational system. The government thinks that education is a vital entitlement for all Indian people, propelling national progress, economic prosperity, and social transformation. Addressing concerns such as terrorism, nationalism, extremism, and radicalism is critical to India's future. The aim of this article to critically examine the NET-2020 and exhibit a fair constructive criticism in light of a general review.

  15. Sunil Kumar, Sunil Kumar Yadav Devanand Upadhyay and Tej Bali Singh
    ABSTRACT:

    Background: Out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPE) within the healthcare domain constitute a considerable financial burden for individuals and families, especially in economically disadvantaged environments. Although extensive research has been devoted to both allopathic and AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) medical systems, there exists a relative paucity of scholarly attention towards traditional healing modalities that lie outside the purview of these established frameworks, collectively termed "In Tradition" healthcare. These modalities, encompassing folk remedies, spiritual healing, and ethnomedicine, continue to be prevalent across India, yet they are notably deficient in rigorous financial evaluation. A thorough comprehension of the OOPE associated with In-tradition healthcare is imperative for assessing its economic viability and its ramifications on healthcare policy formulation. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was executed in the Varanasi district employing systematic random sampling methodologies to evaluate OOPE for In-tradition healthcare in comparison to AYUSH and allopathic approaches. Data were meticulously gathered through structured interviews with 566 participants and analyzed utilizing SPSS version 28.0. Median OOPE values across various health conditions were contrasted employing the chi-square statistical test to ascertain significance. Results: The findings of the study revealed that In-tradition healthcare manifested lower OOPE for conditions such as mosquito-borne diseases (₹500 versus ₹1900, p=0.017) and accident-related injuries (₹660 versus ₹6050). Nevertheless, health conditions including high blood sugar and gastrointestinal disorders presented higher or comparable OOPE when utilizing In-tradition methods. No statistically significant variance in expenditures was detected for ailments related to fever, respiratory issues, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular morbidities. Overall annual median OOPE on In Tradition Health Care is less than the contemporary health care. Conclusion: In-tradition healthcare represents a prevalent yet inadequately researched facet of the healthcare framework in India. This investigation emphasizes its financial implications, revealing economic advantage. A very high proportion of family (32.7%) showing OOPE on health is a worry some for our nation.

  16. Anima Minz
    ABSTRACT:

    It is thought that the leadership style of the headmaster or headmistress, or the principal, has a significant impact on the reputation or defamation of academic institutions. a competent academic leader is also supposed to organize things. Builds positive relationships with higher authorities and fosters love between staff and students. Teachers, students, and non-teaching staff members all benefit from this. These attributes also enable the principal to make a positive impact on the communities. This study titled - a study on leadership behavior of school principals at Ranchi and Lohardaga district. Objectives of the study 1.to study the leadership behaviour of female and male principals. 2. To study the leadership behavior of school principals belonging to rural and urban areas. Hypothesis of the study 1. There is no significance difference between leadership behaviour of female and male principals. 2. There is significant difference between leadership behaviour of school principals belonging to rural and urban areas. Research method this study has conducted by descriptive survey method. Tools used- the Gorton leadership behaviour scale sampling techniques the sample for the study consists of 80 principals of schools of Ranchi and Lohardaga district with principals belonging to both genders. Findings of the study 1. There exists significant difference in the mean scores of leadership behaviour of female and male principals. 2. There is significant difference between leadership behaviour of school principals belonging to rural and urban areas.

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