Rice and wheat production hold paramount importance in India due to their critical role in ensuring the nation's food security, contributing significantly to the dietary needs and economic sustenance of its population. The rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is the predominant agricultural practice in South Asia, covering an extensive area in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, and is vital for producing over 70% of the country's total grain output, which is essential for meeting the food requirements of its vast population. This system not only supports the livelihoods of millions but also accounts for a substantial portion of India's GDP, emphasizing agriculture's central role in the economy. India's position as the second-largest producer of both rice and wheat globally underscores the significance of these crops in its agricultural landscape. Rice and wheat together form the backbone of India's food security system, contributing to a large extent of the total food grain production and ensuring a stable food supply for the nation. The cultivation of these crops is crucial for sustaining the livelihoods of a significant portion of the Indian population, with more than 50% relying on agriculture for their nutritional needs. Moreover, the RWCS is instrumental in addressing the challenges posed by a growing population and shrinking agricultural resources. The adoption of resource conservation technologies (RCTs) and precision farming within this system is aimed at enhancing productivity and sustainability, thereby securing food and environmental security for the future. The strategic importance of rice and wheat in India's agricultural exports further highlights their role in the nation's economy, making their production not just a matter of national security but also of economic advancement. In a nutshell, rice and wheat production is crucial in India due to its significant contribution to food security, economic stability, and the livelihoods of a vast majority of its population, while also playing a key role in addressing future challenges of food and environmental sustainability. In this background, for rice production in our country, an institution is carrying major responsibilities; the institute is Indian Rice Research Institute (NRRI). Gaining knowledge about what are the purposes, objectives, origin, location, goal, vision, mission, opportunities, thrust areas of research, salient achievements, various divisions under this institute, regional stations, KVKs, HRD activities, recent achievements, released varieties, agril. implements, and NRRI technologies ready for commercialization were the major aspire of this present study. Govt. should give more care and emphasis on several activities of this Institution and will assist to remove the challenges upto a great extent whatever the Institution is facing which will ultimately reflect of agricultural production which will secure country’ food requirement.
