Study of serum calcium, phosphorus, iron and magnesium levels in the rheumatiod arthritis patients

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by systemic inflammation and joint damage. Variations in calcium, phosphorus, iron, and magnesium levels may influence disease progression, but previous studies report mixed findings. Evaluating these mineral levels and their ratios in RA patients and healthy controls may offer valuable clinical insights. Objectives: To determine and compare the serum calcium, phosphorus, iron and magnesium levels in patients with Rheumatiod Arthritis and Healthy Controls. To asses serum calcium and phosphorus ratio in patients with Rheumatiod Arthritis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 106 subjects, with 53 Rheumatoid Arthritis patients and 53 Healthy Controls, aged 30 to 70 years. Clinically stable RA patients are included, while those with osteoarthritis, autoimmune disorders, severe illnesses, chronic inflammation, recent RA medication changes, or mineral supplements are excluded. Serum calcium, phosphorus, iron, and magnesium levels, along with the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio, are analyzed using biochemical assays and statistical methods. Results: RA patients have significantly lower calcium, magnesium, and iron levels but higher phosphorus levels compared to healthy controls. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is notably reduced in RA patients. Conclusion: RA patients exhibit significantly lower serum calcium (p = 0.01632), magnesium (p = 0.00536), and iron (p < 0.0001) levels but higher phosphorus levels (p = 0.00509) compared to healthy controls. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is significantly reduced (p < 0.0001), indicating impaired bone mineralization and an increased risk of fractures.