March 2011

The effect of three selected concentrations of the nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylenated (23) monolaurate (I) and polyoxyethylenated (23) monostearate (II) on an artificial oil spill was studied. Surface tension measurements were used to detect the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The hydrophobic-Lypophilic balance, HLB, was calculated and the wetting Power was determined for the prepared surfactants. Gas Chromatography (GC) was used to detect the most effective surfactant as a dispersing agent; also, the pristine/phytane ratio was determined before and after treatment.

The nutritive value of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) as a substitute for maize in weaner pig diets was evaluated using (1) chemical analysis (proximate, gross energy, and anti-nutritional factors). (2) Animal trial (growth performance, carcass characteristics and organ weight expressed as percentage dressed weights and feed cost estimate of the diets). Diet 1 was maize based while diets 2, 3, and 4 had maize being replaced at 13.7% (5%), 27.24% (10%), and 41.13% (15%) by taro respectively.

A study was conducted in Ennore estuary for the assessment of the surface sediments with respect to contamination factor and through geoaccumulation index. The data analysed shows that the cadmium, copper, lead and zinc concentrations were above the low interim sediment quality guidelines of ANZECC and below the high interim sediment quality guidelines of ANZECC during post-monsoon, summer, pre-monsoon and monsoon. The surface sediments of the Ennore estuary was highly contaminated with cadmium, copper, lead and zinc.

An investigation was carried out in the Ennore creek for the assessment of heavy metal pollution pertaining to cadmium, copper, lead and zinc during January – December 2008 in all the four stations of post-monsoon, summer, pre-monsoon and monsoon. The data processed revealed that the concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc were above the permissible limits of coastal standards. The station wise levels of heavy metal concentration were in the order of station 4> station3> station 2> station 1.

The goddesses of South India were quite often described as bloodthirsty by early missionaries and are still described as wild by many Brahmans. In this paper we study the way of worship to goddess Nithya Kalyani. The virali turmeric is viewed within the purview of Hindu religion among the women. The three sacred items (turmeric, kunkum and flower) are the women’s main adornment and the most cherished possession rather than other ornaments made of metals. The worship, offering and importance of virali turmeric is been seen.

Violent behaviour has become a contemporary issue in the Kenyan educational system. It is manifested in the form of rioting, sexual violence and bullying. This contributes to physical disability and poor academic performance in schools. In Western Province, cases of student violence in secondary schools have been reported in the recent years. For instance, in 2008, eight cases were reported, whereas in 2009 the number rose to over 30 cases. The purpose of the study was to establish the perceived of forms of violent behavior secondary school students in Western Province.

This study is designed to establish an indicator of English communicative competence for high school students whose L1 is Chinese. Fuzzy Delphi Method is the primary methodology employed by this research. Twenty experts were invited as the participants. Delphi Method has been considered a powerful approach to apprehend experts’ collective opinions on the targeted issues. In this study, the Fuzzy Linguistic Scale replaced the traditional Likert scale for its subjectivity related to human beings’ decision-making.

This paper presents the chronology of ethnic clashes in Kenya including the 2007 post election violence. The clashes have occurred in this country since 1991 and over time both frequency and damage have escalated. The epitome was the 2007 post election violence that led to destruction of property, displacement of people from various regions as well as death. The paper has also delved into the commonly believed etiological factors, some of which include land ownership, inequalities as well as general elections’ results.

Injuries are a major public health problem in India which also has a definitive causative pattern and mechanism. Every year, injuries contribute to a significant number of deaths, disabilities, amputations, disfigurement, pain, suffering and agony. Identifying issues and problems in the occupational health of women remains a challenge. Any accident/injury to the hand or leg which throws a prospect of decreased efficiency in the present occupation and hinder in other types of work must be considered serious.

The reliability of electronic assemblies is highly dependent on the quality of solder joints, and the latter’s response to temperature excursions. Finite element modeling (FEM) has been widely used for the estimation of the lifetime of solder joints subjected to temperature cycling. Thanks to the expertise of decades, a significant number of companies, universities and research institutes were able to have a relatively accurate estimation of life time for SnPb solder. For the lead-free solder materials, first attempts for correlation models show up but there are several problems.

Childhood mortality remains one of the main problems in Bangladesh. Although Bangladesh has made remarkable progress in reducing mortality among under-five children over the last few years but it is still remain high. The purpose of this study is to observe the trends, differentials, and also to identify the determinants, of under-five mortality in Bangladesh. Data from Bangladesh Demographic and health Survey (BDHS)-2007 have been used. By using percentage distribution this study ascertained the differentials of under-five mortality.

The unpredictability of return experienced by any stock market is a pivotal factor to open out the issue which is extremely sensitive on the part of investors, regulators and policy makers in parlance. The effect of different day implies that the return is not independent. Investment opportunities can therefore turn out to be very complicated due to this abnormal behavior. The present study focuses on this type of opportunity, specifically on the analysis of the effect of different day on the return of Indian Stock Market under the influence of futures contract.

Withania somnifera (L) Dunal popularly known as ‘Aswagandha’ has been an important herb in the Ayruvedic and indigenous medical systems for centuries in India. To validate this use, leaves of the plant was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella paratyphi B. Acetone extract demonstrated highest antibacterial activity followed by ethanol extract.

The present study was made to investigate the effect of chromium on the histopathological study in the gill tissue of fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. The fish exposed to chromium (2 ppm) for 10 days, 20 days and 40 days. The present study shows the breakage of lamellae and separation of lamellae was noted in the gill tissue for 20 days and 40 days respectively. The present study concludes that the increasing concentration chromium damages the gill tissue of Oreochromis mossambicus.

A breakfast cereal is a food made from more or less processed grains often but not always eaten with the first meal of the day. Cereal flakes are cheapest source of energy and protein in human diet.

This study aimed to estimate the cations (calcium, potassium & sodium) in the fresh water field crab Paratelphusa hydrodromous. The sodium concentration in hepatopancreas gradually decreased are size of the crab increase and there was an inverse relationship between gonad and hepatopancreas in sodium ion concentration. In muscle and hepatopancreas the calcium ion concentration gradually decreased as size group advanced (increase). However in gonad it varied in different size groups and the variation in the calcium ion concentration is may be correlated with moulting cycle of the crab.

The aim of this study was to apply a molecular protocol to detect Leptospiral canicola DNA in environmental water sam-ples. The study was carried out in a pullulated area in nagapattinam town.. A multiplex PCR method employing the primers LipL32 and 16SrRNA was used. Three out of 100 analysed samples were positive in the multiplex PCR, two were considered to have saprophytic leptospires and one had pathogenic leptospires. The results obtained supported the idea that multiplex PCR can be used to detect Leptospira spp in water samples.

A simple computational method (SCM) to analyze a class of (s, S) type inventory problem is developed. Under this (s, S) policy, (i) the number of units demanded where d = 1, 2… a (£ s) at successive demand epochs form a Markov chain (MC) with one step transition probability matrix (TPM) P and (ii) the replenishments are instantaneous. This method gives the algorithm for computation of stationary probabilities of inventory process, joint probability function of number of transitions and quantities of replenishments per cycle, conditional and unconditional average costs.