January 2012

Comparison of facial expression was studied in this paper using several properties associated with the faces. Actually, as the facial expression changes, the curvatures developed on the face and the dimensions of the objects such as eyebrows, lips and the area of the mouth change. Naturally there exist changes in the intensity of the pixels corresponding to these objects. Therefore it was found that the natural eye could distinguish these sharp changes and understand the facial expressions accordingly. Comparison of Indian facial expressions with that of Japanese face expressions is carried out. We have taken face as one object and compared the facial expressions for five types of emotions in the case of Indian and Japanese faces. The percentage changes were computed with regard to certain parameters related to different expressions associated with the face and that of the neutral face of the same person. The experimental results predicted a definite change in every trail. These results can also be used as a tool to design intelligent systems which recognizes different objects in the given environment. The results are found to be of immense scientific interest.

The concept of conjugate k-normal (con-k-normal) matrices is introduced. Some basic results of con-k-normal, con-k-unitary are discussed.

The availability of CMOS cameras and microphones of cheaper costs have lead in processing multimedia information along with regular scalar information in wireless sensor networks. In collaborative in-network processing especially in the application layer of wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSN) , there exists data redundancy problem while gathering the information by neighbouring nodes, which can be overcome by using data fusion and aggregation technologies. The present study concentrated in providing the state of the art in data fusion and aggregation technologies of WMSN.

In this study, an attempt has been made to study the level of self esteem of bereaved students affected by natural disaster. Self esteem scale standardized by Anne bett has been used to measure the level of Self esteem of bereaved students. This tool was administered to a purposive sample of 600 bereaved students affected by natural disaster studying in various schools situated in the coastal area of Nagappattinam and Cuddalore Districts of Tamilnadu. The survey method has been followed for the present study. The data collected was subjected to descriptive and differential analysis. The result of the analysis reveals that the Self esteem of bereaved students affected by natural disaster is high. It further reveals that the bereaved students residing at urban and rural area do not differ in their Self esteem. But no significant difference was observed between the sub-samples viz. male and female, students who have lost their parents and those who have lost their relatives due to natural disaster, students residing with their parents and the students residing with their guardians, students belong to joint family and nuclear family.

Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) and Polyvinylacetate(PVAc) are inexpensive type of polymers that could potentially be of commercial interest. In this investigation they are used in conjunction with a traditional casting technique to produce films of different blend concentrations. Samples were subsequently subjected to Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and UV/visible spectral analysis. Coats-Redfern relation was then used to calculate the kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition. Optical parameters including the band edge and band tail energies were also determined for all blend system. The refractive index dispersion curves were simulated by both Cauchy and Single Effective Oscillator models. In addition, color parameters were investigated and calculated according to CIE system for pristine and γ-irradiated 75/25 wt/wt% PMMA/PVAc blend sample undoped and doped with malachite green.

In the envisaged study, heat induced crystalline to amorphous phase generation and amorphous content quantification in crystalline form of Pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate drug substance was studied by different analytical techniques like variable temperature Powder X-Ray diffraction (VT-PXRD), Thermo gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Gravimetric vapor sorption analyzer (GVS). Amorphous Pantoprazole Sodium is obtained by dehydrating Pantoprazole Sodium sesquihydrate. Amorphous and Crystalline contents are varied to obtain different concentrations of Amorphous in Crystalline phase. The slope of the vapor sorption curves of the samples found to be characteristic to the concentration of amorphous phase. Linearity with a good correlation has been established between concentration of amorphous phase and slope of the sorption curve, the same linear equation has been used for cross-predictions and the results are found to be satisfactory.

A field experiment was conducted at KVK, Srinagar during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2008-09 and 2009-10 to study the “Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management for Soybean (Glycine max L.) Under Temperate Conditions”. The experiment was laid out under 18 treatment combinations viz., three levels of recommended inorganic fertilizers (50, 75 and 100% RD), three levels of organic manures (control, FYM 10 t ha-1 and Dalweed 10 t ha-1) and two levels of biofertilizers (control and dual inoculation with Rhizobium + PSB) in randomised complete block design with three replications. Soil physical properties were enhanced by application of recommended inorganic fertilisers except for bulk density. Organic manures also enhanced the physical properties of the soil. Among organic, FYM (10 t ha-1) was found superior over Dalweed (10 t ha-1). Dual inoculation with Rhizobium + PSB also showed significantly superior results in improved soil physical properties over no-inoculation.

The paper examines the various communication services and system based services which are used by the students who are pursuing engineering education in engineering colleges located in and around Chennai. The questionnaire method was adopted to collect data from the respondents. It is found from the study that majority of students are using e-mail service for communication and digital library service to collect information for their academic purposes. Further, it is found that the Bulletin Board and Inter library Loan (ILL) services were used by less numbers of students. It is recommended that the librarians and library staff should create awareness about the communication services such as discussion forum, bulletin board and system based services like information literacy, institutional repository and inter library loan. In this context the services mentioned above will help to maximize the usage of library resources, services and also to share among other users.

Kenya is endowed with a wide variety of foods. However, there is need to fortify the locally available foods, especially for the vulnerable groups. Designing, creating and monitoring second generation products are prominent opportunities for biotechnology research which increasingly offer new and larger market sectors. This experimental research sought to enhance the deficient iron content in plain yoghurt by fortifying it with locally available ingredients (soya flour) and making use of fermenting action of live bacteria. The activity of live bacteria converts the lactose in the milk into lactic acid, which, because of its acidity, reacts causing the proteins in the milk to solidify. Soy is widely used for fortification of other foods, due to its high protein and iron content. This property was employed in the fortification of yoghurt. The findings of this research show how the nutritional and health value of home made plain yoghurt, by fortifying it with soya flour and culturing with starter containing probiotic bacteria, can be improved to increase specifically the protein and iron amounts in the yoghurt. Production of functional foods like probiotics should thus be encouraged, especially for food aid to deal with consequences of food insecurity like malnutrition.

The study was intended to find out the social intelligence of college students in Cuddalore, Villupuram, Nagapattinam, Thanjore, vellore and Thiruvannamalai Districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Random Sampling Technique was used to compose a sample of 1050 college students Mean, Standard Deviation and t value were calculated for the analysis of data. The result revealed that the locality, type of family and type of colleges had no significant difference but, gender and type of institution exhibited significant difference in respect of their social intelligence of college students.

In this Paper an attempt is made to establish possible correlation between annual global temperature increase and annual global Earthquake occurrences. The Temperature and seismic data is of duration between 1973 and 2010. This paper introduces the statistical analysis of spearman rank correlation technique to find the relation between increase of Annual global temperature and the annual global Earthquake occurrences. The rise of temperature is causing glaciers to melt thus releasing pressure on the earth below. The earth in turn is possibly rebounding causing earthquakes to occur. The spearman rank correlation coefficient was found to by 0.8363. This further indicates that annual rise in global temperature and earthquake occurrences have strong positive correlation between them.

Role accepting for students as young persons growing and developing their knowledge and understanding because of social aspect forming behavioral pattern needed to people should be studied and evaluated why studying and in first education would develop better equipped by a strong social behavior pattern placed for them spiritually and exhibiting applied Data of this research was collected between 5th grade of all schools in Shoushtar through pre and after -test questions. The samples were selected by Morgan table including educational and extra to be affected by educational process. The results should that averages of pre and after - test are close to each meaningful without any difference.

The following article would affirm the fact that gratitude is the best attitude. Gratitude is a feeling, emotion or attitude in acknowledgment of a benefit that one has received or will receive. Religions and philosophies have long embraced gratitude as an indispensable manifestation of virtue, and as an integral component of health, wholeness, and well-being. Scientists are latecomers to the concept of gratitude. The systematic study of gratitude within psychology began only around the year 2000, possibly because psychology has traditionally been focused more on understanding distress rather than understanding positive emotions. However, with the advent of the positive psychology movement (Linley et al., 2006), gratitude has become a mainstream focus of psychological research (Wood, Joseph and Linley, 2007). Of all the areas studied in the relatively young field of positive psychology, gratitude has perhaps the widest body of research.

The study examines the relationship between the social adjustment and self concept of the higher secondary school students. This study correlates certain demographic variables in respect of social adjustment and self concept. Constructed by normative survey method using a random sample of 100 higher secondary students studying in Ariyalur distric was selected. Social Adjustment inventory standardized and self-concept inventory standardized. The level of social adjustment among the higher secondary school student is high. The level of self concept among the higher secondary school students is unstable. There is negligible correlation among the higher secondary school student social adjustment and self concept.

FGTB is usually a silent disease evidencing itself only when really looked for. It usually affects females of reproductive age group. Disruption of the IFN-gamma gene in mice infected with M. tuberculosis has resulted in exacerbation of disease, progressive and widespread tissue destruction and necrosis with numerous bacteria. Therefore, we proposed to distinguish the possible limitations of phenotypic methods and the possible association of IFN-γ gene polymorphism with Female genital tuberculosis. It is a prospective case-control study. A total of 206 patients were used for screening of female genital tuberculosis including 100 unaffected patients aged between 18 to 40 years. Surgically removed tissue was taken from both groups for laboratory examination, Laparoscopy/laparotomy, culture, X-ray including AFB using light microscopy following concentration, staining by Ziehl–Neelsen stain as well as culture and M. tuberculosis specific PCR, the diagnostic criteria by which tuberculosis was confirmed in order to distinguish Koch bacillus by three-time bacterioscopy of specimens for acid resistant bacteria. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been detected in 88 (106, 83 %) FGTB patients by PCR method, by smear microscopy -acid fast bacilli (AFB+) in 19 (17.92%) patients and by culture in 35 (33.01%) patients. The histopathological investigation of specimens obtained by surgery gave positive in 52 (49.05%) of FGTB patients. This study on patients suspected of having female genital tuberculosis gives us an opportunity to update the investigative procedures by including the modern molecular methods like gene polymorphism studies. Distribution of IFN- γ genotypes between patients and controls has statistical disproportion. This study suggests that IFN-γ +874 T to A polymorphism have an etiological association with susceptibility of female genital tuberculosis. This study may help in timely detection of FGTB along with gene polymorphisms wherever applicable, in selection of satisfactory therapy and in anticipation of the further progression of the disease.

To meet the challenges of generating sufficient and sustainable energy, a potentially viable alternative is to use cellulosic biomass for second-generation biofuel and bioenergy production. In the present study, Arecanut husk is cheap abundant lignocellulosic raw material in the agricultural waste; it is available as alternative feedstock for bioethanol production. The moisture content of the fresh raw material (68.39 ± 0.20 %). Arecanut husk raw material were collected and dried in the hot air oven at 800 C for 48hours. The dried arecanut husk raw materials were subjected by powdered sequentially using hammer mill, ball mill and flour mill to obtain fine sized particles. The particles were separated by using a range of graded sews. Then sieved the different particle size such as sample-A (0.28 ± 0.01 mm), sample-B (0.43 ± 0.02 mm), and sample-C (0.64 ± 0.01 mm). The chemical analysis of arecanut husk raw material was done by using pretreatment methods. In acid hydrolysis the more amount of reducing sugar was found in the sample-A (4.12 ± 0.02 mg/g), non-reducing sugar in the sample-B (0.37 ± 0.01 mg/g), Protein in the sample-C (5.95 ± 0.06 mg/g) and Carbohydrate in the sample-B (2.82 ± 0.01 mg/g) of Arecanut fiber. In alkaline hydrolysis the more amount of reducing sugar was found in the sample-A (1.6 ± 0.10 mg/g), non-reducing sugar in the sample-A (1.02 ± 0.03 mg/g), Protein in the sample-A (7.40 ± 0.15 mg/g) and Carbohydrate in the sample-B (2.43 ± 0.02 mg/g) of Arecanut fiber.

The agricultural sector is a major contributor to Nigeria Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, the increasing incidence and spread of disease infections in rural Nigeria threatens the farming households’ efficiency and output. Therefore, this study examined the effects and relationship between farmers’ health and technical efficiency in Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to one hundred and twenty (120) farmers using multistage random sampling technique. Data were collected on health status and production characteristics of the farmers and analyzed using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method of Stochastic Production Frontier model. The result of the effect of ill-health on technical efficiency of the farmers showed that land, labour, fertilizer and insecticides were positively related to output while seed was inversely related to output. The average technical efficiency of the farmer was 0.56, that is, the farmers still have 44 percent potential to be on the frontier. In the inefficiency model, adverse health, educational level, age, household size and farming experience have positive effects on inefficiency of the farmers. It could be concluded that it is possible to increase productivity through improvement on the stock of health status of the farmers. It is therefore, recommended that extension workers should work hand in hand with community health workers to improve general health conditions of the farmers by educating them on health tips through health talks and seminars. Also, Government should make the services of health workers available to the rural farmers in order to reduce incidence of diseases.

Cytological character and protein profile of five accessions (IPL-406, IPL-81, DPL-62, DPL-15, and Sehore 74-3) of lentil (Lens culinaris) were estimated through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and using cytological characters viz., mitotic index. The present protein profile revealed that experimental accession IPL-406(L-1) is very close to to the accession Sehore-74-3(L-5) and DPL-62(L-3) and DPL-15 (L-4) are more close at molecular level as compared to other accessions. The greatest similarity coefficient (36.3%) was observed between IPL-406 and Sehore-74-3, while lowest similarity (15%) was observed between IPL-406 and DPL-15.At protein profile level a total of 46 protein bands were obtained, 44 protein bands show polymorphism (95.6%) and rest 2 bands show monomorphism (4.3%). Present study has also revealed that the mitotic index was highest in IPL-81 accession (L-2) i.e., 26.71% meaning that the accession has high power of division. The accession IPL-81 show highest germination percentage in first 24th hour and this accession also has highest content of protein i.e., 29.5% than accessions estimated.

The aim of this study was to investigate management system and productive and reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows reared at Jimma College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine dairy farm. The main focus was on identification of reproductive and milk yield performance of crossbred dairy cows including age at first calving, calving-interval, days open, daily and total lactation milk yield, mortality, general management and major constraints to milk production. The study was based on data compiled for 10 years (1996-2005). A total of 63 records out of which 45 data records were used to evaluate reproductive performances. All considered performance traits (age at first calving, calving interval, days open till conception, daily and total lactation yield and lactation length) were analyzed. For the estimation of days open till conception, records with no service date were excluded. Results from the study show that average age at first calving, calving interval and days open till conception were 46.8±1.9, 15.6±0.6 and 6.65±0.11 months, respectively. The mean daily and lactation milk yield were 5.6±0.8 and 1748.9±228.9 litres per cow, respectively. The average lactation length was 302 days. The major sources of feed were natural pasture, green feed, hay, silage, commercial and on farm formulated concentrate, agro-industrial by-products and milling by-products. Cows are hand milked with twice milking frequency a day. Mortality rate of calves over ten years was 34.26%. The major constraints were feed shortage, disease and parasites, low milk yield of cows, lack of artificial insemination and lack of adequate budget. Prospects for improvement of the performance of the farm include improved management in terms of feeding, disease and parasite control, proper breeding management, improved genotypes and artificial insemination services, as well as allocation of adequate budget.

Kala-azar i.e. Visceral Leishmaniasis has been found to be a big social problem among most of the population of Bihar. The cure of this disease is very costly and due to this, the death rate has been found to be very high especially among the poor population. The main objective of the field survey has been to determine the rate of endemicity in the affected areas and to know the special and general features of such areas regarding the geographical conditions, micro and macro environmental conditions. The types of people living including their life-styles, sanitation and socio-economic conditions have also been targeted as focus points during the field survey. KA cases and deaths have been observed to be closely related to the socio-economic conditions of the affected areas, its study and implementation may lead to fruitful method to control the Kala-azar epidemic.

Water pollution is one of the most important environmental problem faced by the World. Characterization of physio-chemical parameters of groundwater from 43 different locations nearby the small scale industries and rice mills in and around Thanjavur town have been carried out. A Laboratory study of Groundwater was carried out and the quality analysis has been made through Ph, Tds, EC, TH, TA (Hco3), Ca+2, Mg+2, Cl-, Na+, So4-2, No3--, K+, and Tubudity. The results were compared with standards prescribed by WHO and CPHEEO in order to find out the groundwater suitability for domestic and agricultural purposes which indicated that the mean value of studied parameters except EC (Electrical conductivity), TDS (Total dissolved solids), (Th) Total hardness, (Cl) Chloride, (Ta) Total alkalinity and (Na) sodium samples taken from the Bore well water, open well water and the surface water were within the permissible limit and the groundwater in few areas were not much suitable for domestic and agricultural purposes. Thus the objective of the study is to identify the quality of groundwater in the town and nearby area of Thanjavur town especially adjacent to the small scale industries where groundwater is used for domestic and agricultural purposes are discussed and also a systematic calculation of correlation coefficient has been calculated for water quality assessment.

An attempt was made to know the impact of power point presentation on teaching of drawing skill in zoology subject in students’ achievement. For that the investigator, randomly selected 50 students having equal metal ability and split-up into control group and experimental group. Traditional method of teaching of drawing skill was given to control group and Power point presentation method of teaching drawing skill was given to experimental group. A test was conducted for both the groups and subjected to statistical analysis like descriptive (Mean, S.D) and differential analysis (t-test). It shows that experimental group scored better than control group. The power point presentation method of teaching drawing skill is far better than traditional method of teaching drawing skill.

The main purpose of this study was to know the self-concept and level of aspiration among various categories of physically challenged secondary school students. This study was descriptive in nature. For the measurement of self-concept Sagar and Sharma`s self-concept inventory (two dimensions ideal and real self) was administered and for level of aspiration, Mahesh Bhargava and M.A. Shah`s level of aspiration tool was administered. The sample for the study was 150 physically challenged secondary school students identified from 90 secondary schools of district Baramullah, Jammu and Kashmir by using purposive sampling technique. Mean, standard deviation and t-test were applied to measure and compare the self-concept (two dimensions) and level of aspiration of hearing impaired, visually impaired and crippled secondary school student5s of district Baramullah. The analysis of the data revealed that the different categories viz hearing impaired, visually impaired and crippled secondary school students do not differ on self-concept and level of aspiration. It indicates that all the three categories have same attitude, knowledge of themselves and evolution of their achievements.

In this paper investigation was conducted to examine the effect of substrate characteristics medium (heavier hydrocarbon mixture in a reservoir) on the improvement of Microbial Entrained Oil Recovery (MEOR) in Niger Delta Area of Nigeria. The effect of substrate concentrate (heavier hydrocarbon) was demonstrated upon the action of the following microorganism, pseudomonas sp streptococcus sp, escheerichia coli, chromobacterium, bacillus sp. flavobacterium and micrococcus. Results obtained illustrates high growth rate in order of magnitude pseudomonas > bacillus sp. > eschevichia coli > flavobacterium > streptococcus > micrococcus > chromobiacterium. The rate of gas, water lighter hydrocarbon, biomass production from the degradation of the heavier hydrocarbon can be attributed to the effectiveness of the microbial activity in each reactor as well as the physicochemical properties of the substance favour the process. The experimental results obtained showed that the increase in gas, water, lighter hydrocarbon and biomass concentration with increase in period of exposure. The mathematical model developed in this paper was used in the simulation of the microbial growth and substrate kinetics. As the rate of production of products increases with microbial the rate of substrate concentration (heavier hydrocarbon) decreases. The research demonstrate the useful of various microorganism in improving microbial entrained oil Recovery (MEOR) in Niger Delta area of Nigeria using a favourable environment and physicochemical conditions.

Methods were developed for cloning and large scale plantlet production of Garcinia cambogia L. from germplasm selected from East coast region of India. These explants were dressed and surface sterilized with help of 0.1 % HgCl2. Multiple shoots were induced by proliferation of axillary buds/meristems on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium incorporated with 2.0 mgl-1 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). Incorporation of higher amount of auxins in the culture medium caused callusing from the explants. The shoots of G. cambogia were further multiplied on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mgl-1 Indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) + 0.5 mgl-1 each of BAP and Kinetin (Kn). On this medium healthy and sturdy shoots were produced. The in vitro generated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing 2.5 mgl-1 Indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). By this method 78% shoots were rooted. The in vitro rooted plantlets could be hardened and acclimatized in green house.

A study was undertaken as an attempt to understand the attitude of the Agricultural Officers toward computer mediated communication in farming sector. The study aimed at assessing the relationship between socio-psychological characteristics, attitude and computer use efficiency of Agricultural Officers of Akshaya (e literacy programme launched by Kerala Government in one of the backward districts, Malappuram) and non-akshaya introduced districts of Kerala. The sample comprised of ninety five Agricultural Officers from Malappuram and Trichur districts of Kerala. The Agricultural Officers were selected following stratified random sampling with proportionate allocation. Age had negative and significant relationship with computer use efficiency and attitude. Education had positive and significant relationship with computer use efficiency and attitude. Trainings undergone, knowledge, communication ability, creativity, innovativeness, achievement motivation and information source utilisation showed non significant relationship with computer use efficiency as well as with attitude. It was found that there was significant difference between age, trainings undergone, knowledge about computer mediated communication, innovativeness and achievement motivation of respondents in Malappuram and Trichur districts.

The quantity and quality of the salivary total protein, albumin, and α-amylase was estimated among the 25 healthy people. The salivary components were estimated before and after coffee consumption. The albumin and α-amylase are decreased after coffee consumption but the total protein was increased after coffee consumption.