The study reported in this review involved a detailed survey about the chemistry of 1,3-cyclohexandione and its derivatives, which considered versatile reagents for synthesis of different derivatives. Due to its active dicarbonyl groups and the methylene moiety at C2 possesses a high activity. The hydroxyl groups (enol form) react prior to the methylene at C2 with electrophilic reagents and that favorite synthesis of different heterocyclic products.