Analyse de la qualité biochimique de trois variétés de sésame (sesamumindicum l.) cultivées selon différentes périodes de semis à faranah, république de Guinée

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) occupies a prominent place among oilseeds of agri-food interest, recognised for its seeds rich in protein, lipids, carbohydrates, dietary fibre and lignans. The aim of this research is to analyse the impact of sowing dates on the biochemical quality of three sesame varieties (Wollega, S-42 and Akilom) grown in Faranah. The study was based on several biochemical indicators, including nitrogen content, moisture, total dry matter, stem dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), as well as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. The results revealed a statistically significant effect (p < 0.05) of sowing dates on most parameters, with the exception of carbohydrates and lipids. Among the varieties, Akilom had the lowest moisture content (60.87%) and the highest dry matter content (39.13%), indicating a better capacity for dry matter concentration. The Wollega variety stood out for its nitrogen content (1.95 g/kg) and protein content (12.19%), while S-42 had the highest lipid content (60.76%). The analysis of variance highlights high coefficients of determination for dry matter (R² = 0.881), MST (R² = 0.963) and MSR (R² = 0.998), confirming the reliability of the statistical model. These results demonstrate a marked influence of agroclimatic conditions related to sowing dates on the biochemical characteristics of sesame. They offer important prospects for variety selection and optimisation of the cropping calendar in the Sudano-Guinean agroecological zone.