Poverty is not only the low level of income, but also the lack of development ability and opportunities in education, health, working conditions, living standards and other aspects. Therefore, in order to measure the current situation of poverty more comprehensively, based on the " capability" poverty theory of Amartya Sen (1999), combined with the calculation method of multidimensional poverty, we use the CFPS data from 2010 to 2018 to construct a multidimensional poverty indicator, analyzed the current situation of multidimensional poverty in China's ethnic minority areas from five aspects, decomposed the multidimensional poverty index according to the indicators and individual characteristics, and explored the root causes of multidimensional poverty. The research results show that when threshold is 30%, the multidimensional poverty index of ethnic areas is 0.2836, which 63.85% of individuals will be in multidimensional poverty, and their poverty degree index is 0.4442. The multidimensional poverty index of women is higher than that of men, and the elderly are more likely to fall into multidimensional poverty. With the increase of education level, the incidence of poverty is gradually decreasing. The years of education, income level and mental health status are important reasons for multidimensional poverty in 2018.
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