A brief scenario of dengue virus

Dengue is one of the most emerging vector-borne viral diseases. Prevalence has enlarged 30-fold in the last 50 years with the increased geographic expansion to new countries. An estimated 50 million dengue infection occurs annually and approximately 2.5 billion live in dengue endemic countries where more than 21,000 deaths occur each year. Dengue is anticipated to rise due to factors as contemporary modification of climate, travel, globalization, trade, viral evolution, socioeconomics and settlement. Poor disease scrutiny, misdiagnosis, limited public knowledge, low levels of reporting have found it hard to establish the accurate impact of dengue internationally. Dengue disease with accessible statistics possibly underestimates the pathophysiological, economic, social and ecological problems. Target of numerous vaccines now in progress is to bring out defensive neutralizing antibody responses are going on through clinical evaluation. The need of balanced immune response against all four DENV serotypes with a single vaccine is the main challenges encountering by the developers. The mortality can be reduced with prompt case detection, appropriate clinical management, and reporting but a safe and effective vaccine is probably the only long-term solution. Hence there is a need to build up an efficient, low-cost and safe vaccine that can target all the four serotypes of dengue virus.