Effect of DNFB treatment in combination with different PHS of the medium along the length of Vorticella stalk contraction dynamics

Vorticella stalk contractility is a non-Newtonian type movement exhibiting positive DNFB (Sanger’s reagent or 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) sensitivity when in acidic medium. This brings 25 to 30% change in contraction frequency with 0.5 to 1 fold variation in electrochemical gradients. Positive effect towards protonation supports the protoosmotic conduction (Verma AK and Singh AK, 2017) and pin-points towards reactivation of binding sites of Sfi1p and Cdc31p binding ryanodine receptors. In vitro applications of spasmin protein through controlled activation sites of functional terminal domains of amino acid residues and getting aligned with binding receptor sites indicates about its possible multiple applications.