Effet biocide des extraits de feuilles de prosopis juliflora sur la germination des semences du mil (pennisteum glaucum l.) Et de neuf especes adventices du mil dans le sud du bassin arachidier (Senegal)

The management of weeds in food crops in African countries particularly in Senegal represents a time-consuming and labor-intensive activity. The permanent presence of weeds in crops is damaging in many ways. However, in tropical areas, plant species synthesize molecules capable of inhibiting the germination and growth of volunteerplants. This phenomenon called allelopathy offers promising prospects for weed management. Therefore, our investigation aim to test the allopathic effect of Prosopis julifloraon seed germination of the major weeds on pearl millet cropin the groundnut basin of Senegal. Three extracts of different concentrations (2.5%, 5% and 10%) were prepared from the leaves of the woody species. These extracts were tested on nine species of weeds and pearl millet at room temperature. The results showed that germination rates were greater than 60% regardless of the concentration of extracts for Pennisetum glaucum, Indigofera hirsuta, Senna obtusifolia, Sesbania pachycarpa and Indigofera astragalina.ForHibiscus asper, Mariscus squarrosus, Spermacoce chaetocephala, Eragrostis tremula, Digitariq ciliaris, the germination rates decrease in each increase of concentration. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the leaves of Prosopis juliforacould be used as bio-herbicides despite investigations should be pursued to put in evidence the molecule responsible of inhibition of weeds germination.