The study evaluated the burden of Replacement Populations on the settler’s livelihood in Sasiga District of East Wollega Zone Oromia, Ethiopia. Some of the Replacement schemes around the world failed, while some others were successful. The objective of the study was to identify facators that cause Replacement and evaluate the burden of Replacement on the settler’s’s annual livelihood in study area.The study was based on cross-sectional data collected from a sample of 146 settlers (86 were Populations participants and 60 were non-Populations participants) using purposive and stratified random sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were employed to analyze the data. The Logit model indicated education status of the settlers, availability of credit access, availability of agricultural inputs, land farm size holding by settler’s, farm livelihood of settler’s were negatively and significantly related to Populations participation while shocks, livestock holding by settler’s, access of extension service, and total asset of settler’s were positively affect and significantly associated with Populations participants. Propensity score matching shows, that the average annual livelihood of Replacement Populations participants more than livelihood of non participant by 29,182.6463 ETB. Based on the findings, the study suggests that strengthening the encouragement of Replacement Populations have crucial role towards improving the livelihood of settlers in the study area. Finally, the policy implication of the study is that livelihood sources diversification, incorporated development Populations, practical based extension service delivery, access to credit service for the purchase of agricultural inputs and its preparations are needs policy attention.
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