In this article, we comment that fiscal austerity programs adopted to reduce the public deficit according to neoliberal precepts in times of economic-financial crisis influence the way of life of the traditional populations particularly of the artisan fishermen and fisherwomen in Brazil. We take as empirical reference the Provisional Measures numbers 664 and 665 /2014 and the Decrees nº 8.424 and 8.425/2015 which, in the name of correcting distortions and shortening of public expenses, restructured the Policy of Unemployment Insurance of the Urban Workers and extended it to the Rural Workers, especially the fishers and artisan fishers who are contemplated with the Policy of the Unemployment Insurance to the Artisan Fishers – PSDPA, popularly known as the Protection Insurance (Seguro Defeso). This article describes the demands adopted to restrict expenses when transferring incoming only to exclusive fishers, in other words, those who live only by the fishing, excluding the fisherwomen who other than the capture, process the fish, as a result, gender inequalities are reiterated.
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