New treatment possible against dementia

The leading chronic neurodegenerative ailments in the world is Alzheimer's disease (AD).The pathophysiological basis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) comprises aberrant tau protein phosphorylation, abnormal beta-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition, reduced cholinergic content activity, glutamate toxicity, autophagy, inflammation, mitochondria-targeting, and multi-targeting.(1)There are already a few symptomatic medications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), however these compounds can only momentarily enhance patients' memory retention when given to those with the initial phases of the disease. The understanding of this challenging illnesses has advanced recently, and it has recently been identified as a multifactorial disease. As therefore, researchers are currently concentrating more on the development of molecules that may function on multiple pathogenic aspects all at once.(2)Important emerging knowledge about the etiology and underlying variables of AD is being provided by epidemiological and genetic studies. These studies are also highlighting areas of focus for future research into mechanisms and medical treatments.The broad use of genome wide association studies has generated strong evidence of the genetic complexity of AD, relating genes linked to lipid metabolism and immunology, among other physiologic processes, to the pathophysiology of the disease.(3) The pathological hallmarks of AD include the accumulation and aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau as neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and neuropil threads.In a variety of animal models, both active and passive immunizations targeting the Tau protein have demonstrated the ability to reduce or prevent Tau pathology and enhance either motor or cognitive impairment.In this review, we discuss results from both human and animal studies and provide an overview of current developments in active and passive immunization targeting pathogenic Tau protein. Together, we give a brief overview about problems being encountered in these immunotherapies.(4)