The politics of language in india: ambedkar’s ideas on linguistic states and national identity

India’s linguistic diversity has been central to its political and social fabric, shaping regional identities, governance structures, and national integration. The reorganization of Indian states along linguistic lines was a landmark decision that continues to influence the country’s federal structure. One of the most influential figures in this debate was Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who provided a nuanced perspective on the formation of linguistic states. He not only supported linguistic reorganization as a means to enhance administrative efficiency, democratic representation, and cultural preservation, but also expressed concerns about linguistic chauvinism and its potential to fragment national unity. His vision of linguistic diversity remains relevant in contemporary India, where language continues to be a contentious issue in politics and governance. This paper revisits Ambedkar’s ideas on linguistic states and national identity, analysing his contributions to the state’s reorganization debate and the implications of his arguments in present-day India and also to explore the contemporary relevance of Ambedkar’s ideas in light of current language-related debates, regional linguistic movements, and demands for new states. The demand for linguistic states was a powerful force in post-independence India, with movements driven by cultural and administrative aspirations. While the reorganization of states on linguistic lines helped address regional grievances and created a more administratively efficient structure, it also led to the rise of regionalism and identity-based politics, validating some of Ambedkar’s concerns. The discussion also extends to Ambedkar’s views on Hindi as a national language and the role of English as a neutral link language in governance and education, which acts as a neutral medium for communication and access to modern education. The paper ends with linguistic identity politics, coupled with ongoing debates on language policies, highlights the need for a balanced approach that respects linguistic diversity while fostering national unity.