A rare case presentation of urethral caruncle as urothelial carcinoma in situ in a middle-aged female

Introduction: Urethral caruncles are the most frequent benign tumours of the female urethra. The etiology and pathogenesis of urethral caruncle are not well understood but many theories have been proposed. Case presentation: We report a case of a 48 years old woman with chief complaints of lower abdominal intermittent pain and decreased flow of urine with a mass in the urethral region. On clinical examination, a red polypoidal lesion was seen at the urethral meatus suggestive of urethral caruncle. Patient underwent surgical excision with cystoscopy. The Cystoscopy revealed trabeculated bladder wall without evidence of any mass. The final histopathological examination showed urothelial carcinoma in situ. The patient has been on regular follow up with 3 monthly cystoscopies for the last 2 years which have been normal and no recurrence of lesion and with improved urinary flow. Conclusion: Urethral caruncle should be differentiated from other urethral lesions, such as urethral prolapse, periurethral gland abscess, or other benign or malignant neoplasm.