The review of wheat, its controversies and the ethiopian context

As a cereal wheat is also believed to originate from Fertile Crescent. On the other hand Ethiopia is a center of great diversity particularly for the tetraploid wheat. Genomic and taxonomic controversies are of the major points of debate among scientists working on the crop. Since wheat is known to compose A,B and D genomes the controversies stems from the fact that different findings suggested different results with regards to the progenitor specie of these genomes. Compared with B and A genomes the D genome, progenitor is found to be less arguable that it is widely accepted to be Aegilops tauschii. On the contrary the B genome donor has been a point of immense studies but remained controversial. This is attributed to the fact that B genome is relatively diverged from its putative diploid progenitors. Though the progenitors of the A genome are less debatable than the B genome three species were suggested as a probable progenitors of the A genome. These were T. monococcum, T.uratu and T.boeoticum. Taxonomically, different researchers follow either of the two different approaches, the traditional and genetic approaches naming, which are characterized by binomial and trinomial naming respectively. The traditional naming gives more emphasis to the separate habitats of the traditional species. On the other hand in the genetic classification approach the cultivated forms with the same ploidy level were considered as the same species. Despite this controversy it is most recommended to follow either of the naming in a given scientific writing. The emmer wheat found in Ethiopia given different names: T.dicoccum and T.dicoccun appeared to be the other point of debate as far as wheat nomenclature is concerned.