Socio-environmental and demographic impacts of non-functional dam in north eastern state of india: a study on khuga dam, Churachandpur, Manipur, India

This study presents an integrated Geospatial and Socio-Environmental and Demographic assessment of the profound impacts of a non-functional dam. Utilizing an advanced geospatial workflow with Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 satellite imagery, analysed through ArcGIS 10.8, it accurately quantified two decades of physical transformations in the area's land use and land cover. The analysis conclusively demonstrated severe negative environmental consequences, including a significant reduction in vegetation cover and a drastic shift away from traditional, sustainable agricultural landscapes. This remote sensing data was critically complemented by a comprehensive on-site field survey. Using structured questionnaires, the gathered first-hand data on the direct human consequences, specifically examining the impacts on local livelihoods, population stability, educational opportunities and settlement patterns. This qualitative and quantitative survey data was also cross-referenced with the 2011 Census of India to provide a robust demographic baseline. The empirical findings, meticulously presented in tabular format, unequivocally show that the dam has caused more long-standing harm than benefit, creating grievances that far outweigh its intended advantages. This research provides concrete, data-driven insights for policymakers and governing bodies. The goal is to inform and guide the development of effective, equitable policies and interventions necessary to mitigate the socio-economic and environmental challenges that have burdened the affected communities for years.