Spatio-temporal land surface temperature analysis – a case of baripada city, Odisha

Urbanization and industrialization are simultaneously responsible for the abnormal changes in temperature patterns to a global extent. Extreme weather events are impacted by climate change, which is a major concern, mainly global warming. The heat produced when urban buildings and other heat sources absorb and reradiate solar radiation is one of the main causes of UHIs. Anthropogenic activities, population explosions, increased emissions, air pollution, thermal power plants, greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and so forth are the causes of these. The goal of this research is to investigate the land surface temperature (LST) in Baripada town using remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The three time series satellite images have been used for analysis of the years 2005, 2015, and 2024. To access and analyse the spatio-temporal variations in land surface temperature surrounding the area of Similipal Reserve Forest and Baripada Town. To identify and understand the key factors influencing LST patterns in the study area. The NDVI, NDBI, and LST techniques have been used for finding the output. The amount of vegetation has decreased during the last 20 years, from 35.03% to 30.5%.It is clear that the temperature of the research area is gradually rising while the amount of vegetation cover and water bodies are both steadily decreasing. Deforestation or damage from forest fires could be the reason for the vegetation cover. The results indicate that urbanization and deforestation are the main causes of the rising LST in Baripada town. The rise in LST is also attributed to changes in land use patterns, such as an increase in urban and agricultural regions. The summertime LST increase can also be attributed to periodic forest fires.