Study of magnetic properties and electronic structure of graphene-based 2d materials

Graphene is the well-known two-dimensional (2D) material that has attracted immense scientific attention due to its unique electronic and mechanical properties. However, pristine graphene lacks intrinsic magnetism and a tunable bandgap, which limits its applications in spintronic and semiconductor devices. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the magnetic properties and electronic structure of graphene-based 2D materials, focusing on defect engineering, doping strategies, and heterostructure formation. First-principles calculations and theoretical models to elucidate how modifications in graphene lead to emergent magnetic behaviour and electronic tunability. This work explores insights into engineering graphene for future electronic, spintronic, and quantum devices.