Toxicity and allergies due to the use of acrylic resins in the practice of dentistry: is there a risk?

Acrylic, Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) based polymers are found in many industrial, professional and consumer products and are of low toxicity, but do contain very low levels of residual monomers and process chemicals that can leach out during handling and use. Methyl Methacrylate, the principle monomer is of low toxicity, but is a recognized weak skin sensitizer. When exposed to MMA in the dental clinic, dentists and other dental staff appear to occasionally suffer hypersensitivity, asthmatic reactions, local neurological symptoms, irritant and local dermatological reactions. The integrity of latex gloves may also be compromised after exposure to MMA during dental procedures. Dental staff should avoid direct contact with MMA and room ventilation should be optimized. The purpose of this article is to outline the cytotoxic consequences of acrylic resins and clinical recommendations for their use.