A cone beam computed tomographic study of pneumatization of articular eminence and roof of glenoid fossa: It’s prevalence and characteristics

Introduction: It is very important to detect pneumatization that is air filled cavities adjacent to temperomandibular joint as they represent sites of minimal resistance and help in spread of pathologies into the joints like inflammation, tumour, fracture and also complicated factor in TMJ surgery. To prevent surgical complications, the diagnosis of these air cells is important. Aim: To assess the prevalences and characteristics of pneumatized articular eminence and pneumatized roof of glenoid fossa using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: CBCT scans of patient was evaluated to detect frequency of pneumatization at articular eminence and roof of glenoid fossa. Age and gender was recorded for all patients. Certain characteristics (type, lateral spread etc.) were studied for all the selected joints. Results: Of the 200 regions, 12 (6%) presented with PAT and 56 (28%) with PRGF. Unilateral PAT and PRGF were found in 9(75%) and 23 (41.07%) patients, respectively. PAT prevalence was 33.33% in females and 66.66% in males and out of 200 regions, 66 % had grade 0 pneumatization, 24 % had grade 1, 6 % had grade 2, and 4 % had grade 3. Conclusion: CBCT images are accurate and reliable means to detect the exact size and type of pneumatization and their relationship to adjacent tissues. Detection of pneumatization is necessary before a surgical intervention is planned, in order to prevent complications.