Surgery atraumatic in dentistry: a review

It is estimated that in dental atraumatic surgery in general, studies of synthesis and meta-analysis (n = 269), Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (n = 35) and decision analysis (n = 23) represent nearly 27% of all studies. Most of the selected studies was developed in the USA, Netherlands and the UK. These three countries and 15 journals were responsible for almost 50% of all publications. The other papers were published in other journals and 61 originated from 32 other countries, including Brazil. This study aimed to demonstrate through literature review and case developments and consequent importance of improved techniques for atraumatic surgery in dentistry. It was hypothesized that there were statistically significant results on progress in an attempt to minimize the trauma. So, since the most basic extraction techniques were created and developed, have been various attempts to minimize the effort of professional, decreasing surgical time and minimize bleeding and inflammation, swelling, pain and bruising that can affect patients in trans and postoperative periods. Thus, one must seek the maximum preservation of the integrity of the soft tissue (and papillae range and inserted free gingiva) adjacent to abutment areas; preservation of the alveolar ridge bone level. Based on the histological concept in which living tissues are formed by cells joined by thin elastic tissue and nerve, capillaries fibrils, lymphatic and blood vessels. Disruption of these cells by surgical trauma promotes the release of enzymes that retard healing. For this reason one should minimize surgical trauma. We conclude that the world and in Brazil have been several attempts to minimize the effort of professional, decreasing surgical time and minimize bleeding and inflammation, swelling, pain and bruising that can affect patients. Thus, one should seek the maximum preservation of the integrity of the soft tissues adjacent to prosthetic spaces and the preservation of the alveolar ridge bone level to achieve the minimization of surgical trauma.