November 2019

Varieties of wide organic and inorganic pollutants especially pesticides, poisonous metals, and dyes are introduced in to the water system from various sources such as: industrial effluents, agricultural runoff and chemical spills. The new treatment methods (Photocatalytic degradation method) are necessary for the removal of persistent dye chemicals or converting them into harmless compounds in water. The photocatalytic technique with metal oxide semi conductors has become one of the most promising methods for waste water treatment. In particular, ZnO has attracted much attention with respect to the degradation of various pollutants due to its being relatively cheap, stable, high photocatalysis, non-toxicity, and wide band gap. One of the main problems associated with the feasibility and viability of ZnO Semiconductor photocatalytic oxidation is: Recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes in the semiconductor and high band gap energy (>3.0 eV) that requires radiation in the UV range for electron excitation from VB to CB. To overcome this problem it can be achieved by: doping transition metal, quantum dot photosensitization, carbon nano structure and improving the catalytic efficiency of the semiconductor photocatalyst by minimizes the electron-hole recombination. The factors affect photocatalytic degradation and synthesis methods for nanocomposites were summarized. For example Ternary system of Fe2O3-ZnO-MnO2, to improve the photocatalytic activity of wide band gap photocatalysts was discussed. But the difficulties in recycling and preconcentration restricted the utilization of finer nanoparticles. To overcome this limitation, the nanoparticles have been supposed to be fixed on the inert supports such as zeolite for practical applications in order to improve the recovery efficiency of photocatalysts.

This study focuses on the comparative adsorption of xylene from aqueous media onto cassava peel activated carbon (CPAC) and rice husk activated carbon (RHAC). Ash content, bulk density, iodine number, moisture content, pH, point of zero charge, and % carbon yield of the prepared CPAC and RHAC were reported. To evaluate the removal of xylene, adsorption activities of CPAC and RHAC were monitored under different experimental conditions: adsorbent dose, contact time, pH as well as initial xylene concentration. The adsorption capacity and kinetics depended on the properties of the activated carbons, the adsorbate and the prevailing adsorption milieu while the equilibrium and rate of adsorption were adequately interpreted by Langmuir and pseudo-first-order models respectively. Batch adsorption kinetic experiments revealed that the adsorption of xylene onto CPAC and RHAC involved fast and slow processes. At optimal conditions of 8 mg/L xylene in contact with 0.1 g of adsorbents for 150 min at pH 7.5, the quantity of xylene adsorbed onto RHAC and CPAC were 46.7 mg/g and 53.3 mg/g in that order. Thermodynamic study showed the adsorption process of xylene onto CPAC and RHAC to be non-spontaneous but ΔH was negative.

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) consists of two processes primary injury and secondary injury. Secondary injury in TBI involves many factor of molecular and cellular responses to the primary impact. All of these factors culminate in cellular dysfunction and cell death via necrotic and more apoptotic. These downstream molecular and cellular processes in the secondary injury are the focus of many pre-clinical and clinical therapeutic studies. The spatiotemporal distribution of S-100B, IL-6, AQP4 productions in secondary injury are some key marker of acute feature after TBI pathophysiology. By examining changes of this protein in these processes, we can expect to identify novel approaches to TBI intervention. Hypotheticly, posttraumatic suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and an increase in cytokine-mediated peripheral aromatase activity, leading to an imbalance in sex steroid estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone serum levels, have been interest for precise understanding of that mechanisms involved. We treatment analyzed serum biomarkers (S100-B, IL-6, AQP4) as part of a randomize placebo-controlled of progesterone in patients with severe TBI (sTBI), and analyzed the long-term predictive value of these biomarkers on the dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at 3 months. Method: This study was part of a prospective, outcome-assessor–and statistician-blinded, randomized, placebo- controlled trial of progesterone. The population age 15 – 60 years patients with severe TBI (sTBI), (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score 4–8, who presented at our care trauma center, Central Hospital Dr Sutomo Surabaya within 24 hours after injury. We obtained approval from institutional ethics committee prior to the trial. Of 40 patients with sTBI, we serially analyzed 3 serum biomarkers S-100B, AQP4, and IL-6. We analyzed the long-term predictive value of serum biomarkers on dichotomized GOS score of 3 months. The serum levels of S-100B, IL-6, AQP4 were determined using a sandwich ELISA technique. The samples for the determination of these biomarkers were taken at the day I (24 hours), immediately after randomization and before Progesterone given intramuscular 1 mg/kgBW single dose, and then day IV (96 hours) later. Using IBM SPSS Statistic software version 22, analysis for 24 hours, 96 hours, and average serum biomarkers stratified according to outcome (The dichotomized GOS) was performed. Results: The serum levels S-100B, AQP4 and IL-6 were across the dichotomized GOS groups at 3 months in both groups. GOS 3 months maked two category: Poor outcome (label 1) for GOS score 1 – 3 and good outcome (label 2) for GOS 4 – 5. Binary logistic regression result showed all value biomarker significant model to prediction the GOS dichotomy. Analysis to prediction from good outcome to poor outcome (to right axis direction) we have the simulation equation. unfav. = X good - X poor. In the control group: S100B was increase, AQP4 was decrease and IL-6 no change. To analysis effect of progesterone as intervention group we found S-100B was extremely high increased that means progesterone indirectly can reduce neuronal injury. AQP4 and IL-S was decrease compare to control, that mean possibly progesterone have effect modulating up regulation in AQP 4 to inhibit neuroinflamation. Conclusion: Serial monitoring of S-100B, IL-6 and AQP4 serum levels could aid in prognostication in patients with sTBI. S-100B is the best good accuracy for predict outcome. Progesterone have an effect in change of S-100B serum level expression that involve in neuronal injury, and the process of cerebral edema (modulating AQP4 link to IL-6). However, in this study Progesterone had no benefit in overall clinical outcome (GOS dichotomy 3 months).

Background: Head and neck cancer are emerging as a major health problem. The management of head and neck cancers involves a variety of options like surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or targeted/immunotherapy & palliative care. Radiation Therapy is the most common form of treatment in operated as well as non- operated cases. The various side effects of radiation therapy involve xerostomia, fatigue, skin changes/reactions, dysphagia, damage to the nerve, muscle, tendons and ligaments which causes conditions like dropped neck syndrome, muscle atrophy, etc. The aim of the study was to find the effect of radiation therapy in conjunction with chemotherapy on neck and shoulder muscles in head and neck cancer patients. Methods: It was a pilot study & 4 samples were taken. Range of Motion & Manual Muscle Testing were administered on patients and the result were analysed. Results: The study found that there was an incidence of neck muscle weakness among patients receiving radiation therapy with chemotherapy for head and neck cancer with the mean of Grade 4 of Manual Muscle Testing. Also, there was incidence of shoulder muscle weakness in one of the patients with the mean of 4.75. Due to a smaller number of subjects, the effect of on shoulder muscles couldn’t be clearly found out. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is an effect of radiation therapyin conjunctionwith chemotherapy on both neck and shoulder muscles in head and neck cancer patients. Thus, physiotherapy intervention is necessary to maintain the mobility & strength of neck and shoulder in such patients.

Background: The outcome in pediatric cancers have significantly increased in the last few decades. Early diagnosis and risk directed therapy have been the cornerstone for success. However high treatment related mortality and deaths due to progressive disease in low middle income countries still prevail affecting the overall survival. We have analysed the hospital deaths in our pediatric oncology department for the years 2010-2017 to assess the treatment related mortality, factors affecting the same and have devised strategies to address these issues. Methods: All 4051 children registered between the years 2010-2017 were included. Data regarding their diagnosis and metastatic status was collected. About 375 deaths were documented in the hospital during these 8 years. Retrospective data was collected from the medical records department from the death files. Data about age, gender, primary diagnosis, phase of therapy, response to treatment, disease status and cause of death were analysed. Results: About 375 deaths were documented in hospital. There was a male predominance noted. Leukemia contributed to 64.8% of deaths. Treatment related mortality was significantly higher in the leukemia group contributing 32.1% compared to 13.6% in Solid tumor group. Advanced/progressive disease was the most common cause of death in solid tumor group, 71.9%. About 35.4% of children had presented at advanced disease state and 18.9% were metastatic at presentation. Metastatic disease at presentation was a significant risk factor for mortality (p=0.00001), while age (p=0.11) or gender (p=0.58) were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Analysis of mortality statistics is essential for growth of every pediatric oncology department. It provides information regarding status of supportive care and also the optimization of therapy intensification strategies to strike balance between treatment related toxicity and adequate treatment dosage. strengthening of peripheral health support and blood bank facilities in combination with antibiotic policies shall help in minimizing early deaths in children diagnosed with cancer.

Nuts are nutrient-dense supplying a wide range of essential amino acids, MUFA and PUFA. Oats contains a good source of proteins, fibre and minerals. The amount of oats used for human consumption has increased progressively, the fact health effects of oats benefit mainly on the total dietary fibre and B- glucan content a cholesterol-lowering chemical. Commercially available biscuits are mostly deficient in ALA and dietary fibre. Refined ingredient usage makes biscuits deprive of grain components that are protective of health. Hence under the light of present information, an innovative oats and nut biscuits were prepared using refined wheat flour, butter, and sugar along with three variations containing oats (15g) and nuts (5g,10g and 15g). The product was standardized and subjected to sensory evaluation and variation II and III was accepted by the majority of the panellist. Statistical analysis was done using a t-test, the results found to be insignificant in comparison to the basic with the variation I, variation II and variation III. The biscuits were also subjected to nutrient analysis to analyse protein, fat and fibre. Standardized methods were used for nutrient analysis. The nutrient analysis showed an increase in protein and fibre content of the oats biscuits enriched with nuts. The product developed contains good amounts of nutrients which help in meeting nutritional requirements of all age groups. (KeyWords: B-Glucan- Cholesterol-lowering, MUFA, PUFA and ALA).

Background: The ideas and designing process of train stations had evolved to follow the several philosophies of design-led elements, such as: highlighting the cultural development of the surrounding community, space division for several activities and uses, axes planning for human gathering and the quality of the prevailing economic activity in it and divide the assembly elements and its distribution, and also keep up with the rapid evolution in rail transport technology. Since their inception, train stations has been represented as gates; a symbol of the crossing to the other centres of cultures, and multi-cultural and economic opportunities, so that the station has become the optimized expressive image for the entrance to the city, and to visualise the form of urbanization and economic activity and social community within the urban or rural areas. Objectives: The paper aims to examine new visual elements that are not constrained by the traditional art styles that highlight several visual elements that help in providing a distinctive identity to station buildings, reflecting new ideas and themes, and also offer a new experience to the stations’ users. Methods: The methodology of the discussion is an analysis for case studies; for the purpose of obtaining enough results that should provide conclusions for the assumptions about the design: reviewing each item, and its effect on the expressive language to the station building. Results: Image-based elements in the current era have developed beyond the traditional orders and themes of the visual representations in the beginning of the 20th century.

Pneumonia is number one largest infectious cause of death in children worldwide, kills about 2,500 children every day. It is most prevalent in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia pneumonia is a leading single disease killing under-five children. The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors of time to death of under-five pneumonia patients in Tercha General Hospital. Retrospective study was conducted by taking 281 under-five pneumonia patients. The Nonparametric method, semiparametric or Cox PH model and parametric survival models were used to examine the survival rate of under-five pneumonia patients. The results of this study revealed that out of 281 participants in the study 16.73% were died and 83.27% were alive at the end of the study. Based on AIC value the Weibull model is selected as the good model to fit pneumonia dataset compared to candidate models. The findings of this study implied that Sex, residence, Season of Diagnosis, Comorbidity, Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM), Patient refer status and Patient to Nurse ratio (PNR) were major factors related to survival time of under-five pneumonia patients. The patients from urban and patients admitted to hospital when patient nurse ratio (PNR) was small were prolong timing death of under-five pneumonia patients, while Spring and summer season, comorbidity and Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) were shorten timing of death of under-five pneumonia patients. The concerned body should work on the identified factors to decrease the death of under-five pneumoniapatients.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection alone is not enough to induce malignant transformation due to viral clearance. Genetic factors could play a very important role in the progression. Genes such as cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) could affect the progression of cervical lesions. The objectives of this study were to screen HPV-positive women and to determine CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms in human papillomavirus infections in West African women. Methods: For this study, a total of 1215 samples taken from endocervical cells, were collected. The women came from 5 countries in West Africa. These samples were analyzed by multiplexed real-time PCR to search for fourteen high-risk HPV genotypes (HR-HPV). The mono-nucleotide polymorphism MspI was determined using the RFLP PCR technique. Results: Of the 1215 swab specimens, 367 (30.28 %) were HPV positive and 848 (69.80 %) HPV negative. High-risk characterized genotypes were in descending order: HPV 66 (12.81 %), HPV 59 (10.85 %), HPV 52 (10.68 %), HPV 51 (9.25 %), HPV 45 ( 7.83 %), HPV 39 (6.94 %), HPV 56 (6.05 %), HPV 35 (5.87 %), HPV 58 (5.87 %), HPV 18 (5.52 %) , HPV 31 (3.38 %), HPV 33 (2.49 %), HPV 16 (2.14 %). This study also revealed the presence of the CYP1A1 genotype in women with HR-HPV infection. It also showed a decrease in the frequency of CC genotype in women with HR-HPV infection (3.45 %) compared with controls (7.28 %). Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of HPV 66, HPV 35 and HPV 59. The prevalence of HPV 18 and HPV 16 are among the lowest in this study. However, the results of the research demonstrated that the rs4646903 mutation of the CYP1A1 gene was not statistically related to a risk of acquiring HPV infection in the West African population.

The purpose of this study was to analyze proverbs that represent women positively among the Arsi Oromo. The proverbs used for the study were 15 theme-relevant proverbs collected by interviewing systematically selected 10 elders, focus group discussion and by analyzing documents. Qualitative research design was used to conduct this study. Women were positively represented in the selected proverbs as: wise, protectors of men, glory of men and as a pillar of their home. Based on these findings, awareness creation trainings should be given to activate the use of proverbs having positive images towards women in the society. Arsi Oromo families should also encourage their children to the use of positive proverbs that reflect gender equality in the society.

The crop combination regionalization is a method to examine the cropping pattern of an area. In this process, the existing cropping pattern is analysed and the best combination of crops is proposed for the highest productivity in that area. The combination of crops in an area is influenced by numerous physical and human factors. This study has been carried out on Kheri district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Secondary data has been used gathered from the District Statistical Magazines. The ranking of specific crops is estimated by percentage method. Doi’s method has been applied to examine the crop combinations in the different blocks. A comparative analysis of two different agricultural years was presented. The findings show that Sugarcane is the main crop in the district and occupying as the first rank in most of the blocks. However, wheat and rice are other crops occupying second and third positions in different blocks. Oilseed, pulses, maize, fodder, and vegetables are other minor crops of the district. According to Doi’s technique, most of the blocks are experiencing three crop combinations, only one block having monoculture and two blocks featuring two crop combinations in 2016-17. Moreover, in the year 2006-07, all the blocks experiencing three crop combinations in the district.

Researches dealing with female criminality are not only limited, but often present contradictory findings It is widely accepted that substantial proportion of crime by women is associated with mental disorder. In general it would appear that women are more law abiding than men. Aims: The study was designed to determine socio-demographic data, type of crime and type of mental illness among all female offenders referred to forensic psychiatric committee for psychiatric evaluation. Subject & Method: The study sample consisted of (51) female offender in AL- Rashad mental Hospital during the period from 1st Oct. 1998 to 30th of Jun. 1999. Results: The female offenders were interviewed according to semistructured interview questionnaire (SSIQ) based on DSM-IV The age range of patients was (22-59) year, mean was (36.5 y +/-10.07). (51%) of the sample were within the age of (30-39) year, (33%) of them were single and (88 % ) were house wives (33 %) were illiterate (70% ) were from urban area. Vagrancy was the commonest offence among mentally abnormal female offender. Schizophrenia was the commonest disease among them (80 %). Majority of them had no history of previous referral to Forensic psychiatric committee (67%). Majority of them had history of previous admission to psychiatric hospital(53%). Murderers were characterised by low education, house wife, married, & their age in mid thirties and were diagnosed as schizophrenic. The results of this study was compared with studies in this country and other parts of the world. Conclusions: 1-All of the female offenders who were referred for psychiatric evaluation were found to be mentally ill except for one and the most frequent mental illness was schizophrenic . 2-The type of crimes committed by those females were vagrancy (45%), followed by delinquent Antisocial behavior (20%), and murders (11%). 3-Schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis among mentally abnormal female offender i.e. (80% ) followed by mental subnormality (6%). 4-One-third of the sample were single, followed by the divorced who constituted (29% ) while the widows were least represented among the sample (12% ). 5-One-third of the sample (33%) have previous history of convictions. 6-Majority of female offender (70%) were compulsorily detained at hospital for treatment. While only (13% ) were discharged for family care. Recommendation and Suggestion: 1-Establishing a mental health act in Iraq is more than necessary. 2- Any offender carry a mere suspicion of mental disturbance should be referred to Regional psychiatrist for psychiatric evaluations. 3-There should be some sort of cooperation and liaison between forensic psychiatric services and the courts.4-Mentally ill female offender who are admitted to the mental hospital (forensic ward) should have close observation and follow up by hospital and community to prevent relapse and committing another offence. 5-A semi structural interview according to DSM-IV which used in this research need to be reevaluated again to determine its reliability and validity.

Acute cholecystitis is one of the most common reasons for emergency admissions in surgical practice Cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment for symptomatic gallstones disease Traditionally acute cholecystitis is treated conservatively followed by delayed laproscopic cholecystectomy after 6-8weeks A recent meta analysis of various randomised trials of early vs delayed LC for AC showed early surgery to have similar operative complications rates but reduced overall length of hospital stay Acute phase laproscopic cholecystectomy is recommended because of fewer complications, less hospital stay and lesser morbidity

The orthodontic tooth movement occurs by an inflammatory process involving osteoclasts, osteoblasts, neuropeptides, cytokines and alterations in innervation and local vascularization. Bone remodelling activity can be regulated either by local factors, such as the applied forces, or by systemic factors, such as drugs, hormones and vitamins. Following review article is to discuss the effects of drugs and systemic factors capable of affecting bone metabolism and influencing the orthodontic tooth movement during the entire treatment phase. The NSAIDS, bisphosphonates and sex hormones can reduce the tooth movement, while the corticosteroids, relaxin, thyroid hormones, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D can increase the rate of tooth movement. Thus, it is necessary to know patient’s history of medical and other conditions which he is on medication for, which might or might not affect tooth movement necessary for successful orthodontic treatment.

Background: Soft tissue includes supportive connective tissue of various organs and other nonepithelial, extra skeletal structures. Soft tissue includes the fibrous tissue, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and smooth muscle tissue, peripheral nervous tissue and vascular endothelial tissue.Objectives: To study the incidence of soft tissue tumors in our institute. To study the clinicopathological correlation of soft tissue tumors with respect to incidence of age, sex, site distribution & histopathological types of soft tissue neoplasms. Materials and Methods: Prospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari, Karnataka. The study evaluated all the soft tissue tumors received between January 2017 to june 2018. Method of statistics used was descriptive analysis. All the specimens were fixed in formalin and processed through paraffin wax embedding method. Sections were cut at 5 micrometer thickness and stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain. All tumors were examined under light microscope and classified as per WHO classification. Result: Out of 98 cases of soft tissue tumors, 90.8% were benign, 3.06% were intermediate and 6.12% were malignant. Male to female ratio was 1.04:1. Most common sites were extremities (64.2%) followed by head and neck (21.4%).Of all benign lesions, the commonest was lipoma (37.7%) followed by hemangioma (22.4%). Other benign tumors include fibroblastic (3.06%), fibro-histiocytic (2.04%) and pericytic tumors (1.02%). Intermediate grade soft tissue tumors include 2 cases (2.04%) of well differentiated liposarcoma and 1 case (1.02%) inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Malignant tumors were pleomorphic liposarcoma (1.02%), fibrosarcoma (2.04%), monophasic synovial sarcoma (1.02%) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (2.04%). Conclusion: Benign soft tissue tumors outnumbered malignant tumors. A thorough clinical history, gross, and light microscopic evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin stained sections are fundamental aspects in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. The clinicopathological evaluation is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms.

Aims and Objective: To compare 4 score and Glasgow coma scale as prognostic marker for disability in patients with altered neurological status. To assess the interrater reliability of 4 score and Glasgow coma scale. Introduction: Assessing impaired consciousness in the medical and surgical intensive care unit (ICU) is very difficult. To asses the abnormal consciousness ,GCS. Is the major scoring system, but is not designed to capture distinct details of the neurologic examination its reliability in predicting patients outcome is unsatisfactory, especially with regard to the verbal component. It was also found that the reliability of the GCS increases with the experience of its users and that user inexperience is associated with a high rate of errors. A new coma scale, the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score is based on the minimum of tests necessary to assess a patient with altered consciousnessin the emergency department. it includes much important information that is not assessed by the GCS, like measurement of brainstem reflexes; a broad spectrum of motor responses; and the presence of abnormal breath rhythms and a respiratory drive. Methods: In this prospective study done between January 2019 and may 2019, a total of 40 patients were included. All study patients had both these assessed independently by resident doctor and a nurse at the time of admission and on day 1 of admission. Patients were at the time of discharge to assess quality of life using MODIFIED RANKIN SCORE [MRS]. MRS 3 or less was considered as favorable outcome and scores 4-6 considered as unfavorable outcome. Ability of the maximum Delta [difference between highest and lowest score] and lowest score of GCS and four score to predict unfavorable neurological outcome were compared. Results: A strong agreement using Cronbachs alpha (0.94 and 0.96) was found between doctors and nurses for both GCS and FOUR score at time of admission and on day 1 respectively for all patients. Interrater reliability for FOUR score and GCS was (respectively 0.98and 0.97), Both scores were comparable in predicting neurological outcome. Conclusion: In this study FOUR score and GCS were comparable in their inter rater reliability and prognostic value. Both scores were comparable in assessing the disability in patients with altered neurological status but the neurologic details incorporated in the FOUR score makes it more useful in management and triage of patients.

Background: Rostral and Proscopic dimensions are always influenced by age, sex race(tribe). We were Students selected those parents and grandparents that are tribe. Rostral and Proscopic measurements and indices are used to find out different shapes of Rostral and Proscopic. It is very useful for all upcoming Anatomists, forensic scientists, plastic surgeons, physical anthropologists. We were calculated rostralproscoic indices, rostral length, rostral breadth, rostral index, proscopic length, proscopic breadth, proscopic index. We excluded all students those had any history or features of rostralproscopic anomaly, proscopic trauma or surgeries on the proscopic or rostral. Aim: To evaluate the rostral index and proscopic index by anthropometric measurement in tribal school going children’s. Materials and Methods: Present research was selected at random 400 healthy school going tribal students of age 9 – 15 years and anthropometric measured done by using spreading, sliding caliper. Result: In tribal student dominant type of Rostral shape are Ultra Brachycephalic and the mean Rostral index is 84, in Male is 83 and in Female is 86, the mean Rostral length in Male is 21 cm, in Female is 23 cm and the mean Rostral breadth in Male is 19 cm, in Female is 20 cm. Dominant type of Proscopic shape are Leptoproscopic proscopic (long proscopic) and the mean Proscopic index is 84, in Male is 84 and in Female is 85, the mean Proscopic length in Male and Female is 17 cm and the mean Proscopic breadth in Male and Female is 20 cm. Conclusion: Predominant rostral type in males was Brachycephalic (short headed), and in female was Ultra Brachycephalic, Predominant proscopic type in males was Euryproscopic proscopic (Broad proscopic) and in female was Leptoproscopic proscopic (long proscopic). The research has established that male and female have same mean morphological proscopic height and breadth.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common diseases seen in the community. Aim of the present study is to find out etiological agents and their antibiotic susceptibility, causing urinary tract infections at Vasavi Hospital Bangalore. A total of 810 (278 males and 532 were females) clinically suspected cases of urinary tract infection attending the OPD of Vasavi Hospital Bangalore formed the study group. This is a retrospective study from Aug 2018 to Feb 2019 (7 months). The age ranged from 1 to 75 years. Out of 810 (278 males, 532 females) cases, 164 (20.25%) were culture positive and 646 (79.75%) showed no growth. Among culture positive, 104(63.41%) were females and 60 (36.59%), males. Among the isolates, 144(87.8%) belonged to family Enterobacteriaceae, 12 (7.32%) Enterococci and 8 (4.88%) were non fermenters. Esch.coli (69.51%) was the predominant pathogen among the isolates. Antibiogram of enterobacteriaceae in the present study showed that Nitrofurantoin (84.03%) can be considered as the choice for treating uncomplicated UTI .

The objective of this study is to examine and analyze the positive representations of women in the Bible. The study analyzed the Bible by using theories from feminism and hermeneutic interpretations. The researcher used the Bible as a document. Qualitative research design was used for the study. This is because it was believed to be suitable to interpret and thematically elucidate the existing gender related issues in the Bible. Textual analyses were chosen as a method of analyzing the verses in the Bible. The result shows that in the selected verses women were representedpositively unlike religious preaching’s. The result revealed that it is at odds with most of the teachings in Ethiopian churches that usually represented women negatively. Based on this result, the study recommends a balanced representation of women to be incorporated in the teaching of Ethiopian Churches towards women.

Instructional leadership is essential for the academic success of any schooling situation. The purpose this study was to evaluate the instructional leadership practices employed in the primary schools of Siltie Zone, Ethiopia. Descriptive survey research design was used to conduct the research. Mixed research method was used to collect and analyze data concurrently, and triangulate results side by side. In a year 2018, a total of 228 primary schools are operating in the zone, off these, 74 primary schools were selected as target population by clustering them based on ecological conditions of the zone. Finally, 19 primary schools were selected as a sample via multistage sampling technique. From these 19 primary schools: 92 teachers were selected by simple random sample technique, and 19 school principals and 19 vice principals were also selected by availability sampling technique. In addition, 4 primary schools’ supervisors and 4 Woredas (District) heads were engaged in the study. Questionnaire and interview were used to collect data. Data was analysed by calculating mean, standard deviations P-value and t-test. Data collected by interview was narrated and triangulated with result obtained from questionnaires. The findings of the study revealed that all the three instructional leadership dimensions; defining and communicating school mission; managing curriculum and instruction and promoting a positive school learning climate were not effectively applied in the primary schools Siltie Zone, Ethiopia. The study concluded that instructional leaders in the primary schools were not effectively implementing Instructional Leadership Dimensions to improve instructional practices so as to maintain better learning for students and establish effective schools. Finally, it was recommended that tailored and continuous trainings, workshops and experiences sharing events should be organized and commenced by the respective district and zonal education officials to build the instructional leadership capacities of school leaders.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the most important cause of non - communicable disease deaths.According to WHO statistics, cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of deaths in the world.In every open heart surgery, there is the risk of complications specific to the disease and surgery being performed, in addition to the general risks related to surgery and anesthesia. Both CABG & valvular surgeries are performed to improve functional capability and quality of life. Aim: To assess the physical outcome and its determinants of patients undergoing Coronary artery bypass graft and valvular surgeries. Methods: In this prospective observational study, 40 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft or valvular surgery were selected through consecutive sampling method from August 2018 to February 2018. The tools used for data collection were numerical rating scale to assess postoperative pain, performance check list for using incentive spirometry and subject data sheet. Results: The complications observed in CABG group were bleeding 2 (11.8%) and re-exploration 1 (5.9%), cognitive impairment 2 (11.8%) and graft site infection 1 (2.5%). Major complications observed in valve group were bleeding 3 (13%) and re-exploration 2 (8.7%), atrial fibrillation (52.2%), acute kidney injury 1 (4.3%), pericardial effusion 1 (4.3%). There was an improvement in NYHA functional class postoperatively where 88.5% of participants were in NYHA grade I. The determinants of outcome of CABG surgery were age more than 65 years (p < 0.017), NYHA grade II & III (p < 0.052), triple vessel disease (p<0.033), and high BMI (p<0.46). The determinants of outcome after valve surgery include female gender (0.008), NYHA grade III & IV (p < 0.026), mitral valve replacement (p<0.054), and history of previous cardiac operation (p<0.001). Conclusion: Coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgeries improve the quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease and valvular heart disease.

By viewing the contents you agree to the Terms and Conditions. All punishments subject to jurisdiction at Ranchi 834001. All protocols are valid. Statement - A number should always be represented as: A+-Ni , where A is magnitude of real part, N is magnitude of imaginary part, i is the imaginary iota symbol. The angle Tan^-1(N/A) is calculated with sign to obtain phase. There is always a tendency towards the number 0 +- 0i i.e. neither leading nor lagging phase. It is not possible to convert all Imaginary part of a number into real number. A conversion always occurs between A to N vice versa i.e. N to A.

Hernia is the protrusion of the abdominal contents through some weakness in anterior abdominal wall. The indirect inguinal hernia is one of the most common form of hernia and most of the time congenital in origin. Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both the testes do not descend in the scrotum. The incidence of unilateral cryptorchidism is 3% of boys at the birth and 1% of boys at the age of three months. During routine dissection the author found a left sided indirect inguinal hernia with cryptorchidism in a male cadaver. On the right side the testis was at its normal location.

Introduction: Appendicular mucocele is a rare disease and constitutes 0.2-0.3% of surgically excised appendicitis, more frequently in females (3: 1) and with an average age of 55 (2.4 , 6.12). We distinguish four subtypes characterized with non-specific clinical manifestations. The study proposes, through clinical observation, a focus on the current diagnostic and therapeutic orientation of the pathology. Materials and Methods: From January 2017 to December 2019 consulted the database of the AOU "G Rodolico" University of Catania Department of medical surgical and specialist sciences II 4 patients were treated of which 3 female cases and one sex case male with an average age of 38 (range 41-35) years with appendicular mucocele. the clinical symptomatology was characterized by constipation, asthenia, malaise, rapid weight loss and anemia with abdominal pain arising on average, increasing in localization on the right quadrants with ipsilateral lumbar irradiation. The preoperative diagnosis was difficult. Results: Blood tests were found to be normal, in particular neoplastic markers, with the exception of CEA> 50 in cistoadenocarcinoma. The surgery showed the presence of a voluminous appendicular mucocele with a maximum diameter of 12 cm and a transverse diameter of 8 cm, without evidence of regional lymphadenomegaly or infiltration of neighboring organs; an appendectomy was performed with complete exeresis of the cystic formation. Discussion: The mucocele of the appendix is characterized by the slow accumulation of mucinous material inside its lumen, and includes a heterogeneous group of lesions ranging from the simple accumulation of mucoid material to mucosal hyperplasia, to the cystadenoma up to the cystadenocarcinoma, with an incidence of approximately 0.4% of all cancers of the appendix. ). In the cases described by us, the diagnosis was placed, as often happens, in the suspicion of a subacute appendix. The histological examination showed the presence of a proliferation of epithelial cells with abundant mucin-like material (fig3). The laparoscopic approach is preferred to the laparotomic approach to minimize the risks of bowel rupture and dissemination in the peritoneal cavity of mucus-secreting epithelial cells (1, 11, 12). In the case in which the approach in videolaparoscopy is chosen, the appendix can be enclosed in an endo-bag or in a glove in order to prevent the escape of mucus or the rupture of the neoplasm and of the viscus (2). between the mucocele and a concomitant gastroenteric tumor; the mucosa hyperplasia and the appendicular cystadenoma are in fact considered as the hyperplastic polyp of the large intestine, with the possibility of developing areas of dysplasia with a high degree of malignancy. Conclusion: Although it is a rare disease, the appendicular mucocele must be taken into consideration when facing an appendicular mass, in order to be able to implement during the intervention the precautions aimed at minimizing the risk of dissemination of mucosal epithelial cells in the peritoneal cavity and therefore onset of pseudomixoma peritoneal.

Background: A positive relation between high fat diet and obesity is well documented. The amount of total energy required by an organism derived from each component of diet affects the weight. But if the total calories in diet of an experimental animal is constant (isocaloric) irrespective of its constituents, it is least likely to increase the weight of these animals. The present study was done to observe the effects of isocaloric diet with different percentage of the constituent components on the weight of Albino rats. Methods: The present study was done for a period of 24 weeks. Thirty male albino rats taken for this study were randomly divided into three groups A, B and C with 10 rats in each group. Group A rats served as control and were fed on low fat diet consisting of chow containing 2.5 percent of fat. Group B rats were fed on isocaloric but high fat diet (30% of total calories were derived from animal fat). Group C rats were fed on high caloric high fat diet. The mean weight of these animals was taken at the beginning and at the end of this study. Results: The mean weight of animals fed on isoclaoric diet irrespective of its components was same. The animals fed on high fat high calorie diet gained more weight. Conclusions: The results of this study show that isocaloric diet irrespective of its components (high fat verses low fat) does not affect the weight of Albino rats. It is the total number of calories irrespective of dietary components that results in weight gain of Albino rats.

The main objective of this study was to assess micro level risk factors for food insecurity and identify coping mechanisms in Dale woreda. About 150 sampled households were selected for the study. The result from sampled households revealed that 38.7 and 61.3 percents were found food insecure and food secure respectively. The main risk factors for food insecurity perceived by households in study area were found to be erratic rainfall, food and input price rise, drought, shortage of income, lack of off-farm activities, land shortage, population pressure, poor saving practices, lack of credit, poor fertility of land and soil erosion. The main coping mechanisms employed by households during food insecurity in the study area were diversifying livelihood strategies, reducing diversity and frequency of meals, reducing size of meals, decreasing social event, selling of firewood and charcoal, petty trading and sale of livestock. Eating immature enset, selling and renting immature crops in the field and engaging oneself socially undermined jobs also were the other indigenous practices in the study area. Based on the regression result, household size, livestock holding, input use, input price, off-farm activities and perception of fertility of land were found to be major factors determining food security status, number of perceived risk factors for food insecurity and number of food insecurity coping mechanisms at household level in the study area.

Background: Colour Doppler Ultrasonography (CDUS) has increased amount of information that can be obtained during examination of the cervical lymph nodes. Vascularity of the lymph node helps in diagnosing the cause of lymphadenopathy as vascularity is directly related to the actual pathology such as oral cancer. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between vascularity of lymph nodes and lymph node size on Color Doppler Ultrasound images of the patients with oral cancer. Material and Methods: 30 subjects taken from the cancer hospital with the age range of 20 to 75 years. CDUS evaluation of the cervical lymph nodes was performed on every patient. The vascular index defined as the number of pixels in the flow signals divided by the number of pixels in the whole lymph node, presented as a percentage. The number of isolated flow signal units in the lymph node parenchyma was counted by using Adobe Photoshop CS5 extended version. Isolated flow signal units of <3 pixels were excluded as noise signals. The scattering index defined as the number of isolated flow signal units in the lymph node parenchyma. The following lymph node size classification was considered for this study i.e. Group 1, 4-5.9 mm; Group 2, 6-7.9 mm; Group 3, 8-9.9 mm; and Group 4, ≥10 mm (median diameter, 12 mm; range, 10-27 mm). Results: Pair-wise comparison of mean Vascular Index between Lymph Node size classifications and mean Scattering Index between Lymph Node size classifications was done. There was a statistically significant difference seen in the values of Vascular Index between all Lymph Node (LN) classification (p<0.05) with the highest value with Group 1, followed by Group 2 then Group 3 and least with Group 4 and there was a statistically highly significant difference in the mean Scattering Index (SI) with various LN classification (p<0.01) with the highest value with Group 4, followed by Group 3 then Group 2 and least with Group 1. Conclusions: The metastatic lymph node size increases, the Vascular Index (VI) of metastatic lymph nodes decreases. Lymph node size of metastatic lymph nodes has an indirect relationship with the Vascular Index (VI). Thus, an increase in the vascular index was considered to be a useful Doppler ultrasound finding for detecting metastasis in small lymph nodes Thus, the CDUS could provide a potential means of visualizing and sampling suspicious carcinoma lesions in high-risk populations.

Present study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of 600 elderly population residing in urban (200), rural (200) and tribal area (200) of Nanded district of Marathwada region of Maharashtra state, India. out of total elderly subjects 279 male and 321 were female. Anthropometric status of selected elderly was determined by recording height (cm.), weight (kg.), hip circumference (cm.), waist circumference (cm.) and body mass index was calculated using values of height and weight. On the basis of BMI, selected subjects were categorised under different grades of undernutrition. Daily food intake of each selected elderly was recorded with the help of two days dietary recall method and weighment method. By using food consumption table of ICMR (Gopalan et al., 2004) the nutrient intake of the elderly was calculated. Food and nutrient intake of the elderly was compared with the balanced diet and ICMR recommended dietary allowances (ICMR 2012) to find out the percent adequacy in consumption. Result revealed that, the height and weight of elderly ranged from 147.01±6.01 to 164.72±17.01 and 42.55±10.00 to 63.69±8.68. Tribal elderly male and female exhibited very low values than urban and rural elderly male and female. More percent of female were belonging to either underweight or overweight. The mean intake of cereals (229.15±77.67 gm.), pulses (29.48±14.33 gm.), green leafy vegetables (18.45±30.36 gm.), roots and tubers (36.91±34.61 gm.), milk and milk products (63.53±61.53 gm.) and sugar and jaggery (16.75±8.09 gm.) was more by elderly male than female. Percent adequacy of all food stuffs was found higher in elderly male than female. Statistically significant difference was noted for almost all nutrients intake between male and female elderly except iron, fat and vitamin c. However, among elderly male and female highest percent adequacy was noted for fat and phosphorus. Other nutrients reported 40 to 63 percent adequacy among male and 34 to 63 percent among female.

The study of the spatial evolution of forest galleries in the humid savannah of Adamaoua-Cameroun was conducted between 2013 and 2017 in all five departments of the region and aimed to see the dynamic evolution of the gallery surfaces. In comparison with other types of land use (savannah, shrubby savannah, habitation, etc.). For this, a socioeconomic survey was conducted to have the perception of local residents on the evolution of plant density. A diachronic study with acquisition of satellite images was conducted. The socio-economic survey showed that 50.71% of respondents believe that there has been an increase in the density of ligneous trees in the last ten years. However, opinions are divided between the five departments of the Adamaoua region. Satellite images have shown that the forest galleries of Adamaoua are the most attacked ecosystems compared to savannah and shrub savannah. Between 1986 and 2006, the forest galleries lost 8.94% of their area, an area of 5694.86 km2. Between 2006 and 2016, the Adamaoua forest galleries lost once again 3.75% of their area, or 2376Km2. The forecast has shown that by 2037, the forest galleries of the region will lose 4752.08 km2 of their area if nothing is done. This degradation led to a considerable reduction in the surface area of 101.92 km2 of large waters between 1986 and 2006. However, the increase in the savannah area of an additional 407 km2 (2006 to 2016) would have made it possible to increase the surface area 184.73 km2.

Burnout is a multidimensional, psychological syndrome resulting from long – term stress during one’s career [Lin, 2019]. Burnout amongst healthcare professionals is characterized by various degrees of depersonalization, emotional exhaustion and sense of low personal accomplishment ( Maslach, 1996). Emergency physicians (EPs) experience the highest levels of burnout among all physicians (Lu, 2015). Medscape national physician burnout, depression and suicide report 2019 estimates prevalence of burnout amongst emergency physicians to be 48% (https://www.medscape.com/slideshow/2019-lifestyle-burnout-depression-601...). Although the detrimental consequences of burnout on clinician well-being and patient care are widely documented, burnout continues to be endemic in the health system [Chunming et al., 2015]. Symptoms of burnout are prevalent from the outset of medical training, with multi-institutional studies indicating that at least 50% of medical students may meet burnout criteria at some point during their studies [Chunming et al., 2015].

Emergency departments (ED) care for patients with a diversity of requirements that decide their disposition and revisit to the ED. Furthermore, readmissions to the hospital are often used as a quality indicator. However, caution must used since readmissions are complex in nature and only the avoidable readmission need to be dealt with improvements. Thus, we undertook an audit at the Medeor Institute of Emergency Department (MIEM) to gauge the readmissions within 72 hours. Therefore, all patients presenting to the ED within 72 hours of their admission to the hospital were prospectively included from June through September 2019. Each of these patients were further categorized hierarchically and exclusively into 5 categories as: (I) Avoidable readmissions – (IA) readmissions due to inadequate care/misdiagnosis, (IB) readmission due to poorly managed transitions during discharges; (II) Unavoidable readmission – (IIA) readmissions due to complication/disease progression, (IIB) readmission due to recurrence of symptoms; (III) Unrelated readmission (different organ system involvement); (IV) Readmission due to planned procedure or admission; and (V) Readmission after leaving against medical advice (LAMA). This categorization was based on our earlier study2. It was observed that the short term readmission rate at MIEM was 0.48%. A fifth of these readmissions were avoidable. Moreover, one (6.7%) patient returned to the ED due to poorly managed transitions during discharges due to poor understanding of instruction to return to ED, while two (13.3%) patients received inadequate care as a result of misdiagnosis. Hence, ED discharge summary with written discharge instructions, in addition to verbal explanation, and mandatory co-signature of every ED initial assessment by Emergency Consultant are introduced to address these lacunae.

Background: Dengue an important emerging mosquito-borne disease worldwide, is transmitted primarily by the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito. In recent times, there has been a surge in number of dengue cases creating a burden on the already stressed health infrastructure. Objectives: This study was done to assess & analyze the trend of the disease progression over the years along with the epidemiological features in patients admitted to Hindu Rao hospital situated in North Delhi. Method: Blood samples from patients suspected of having dengue infection, attending medicine, pediatrics, fever clinics of Hindu Rao hospital were collected and tested for dengue specific IgM antibodies and NS1 antigen positivity. Results: In this study, conducted over a period of 4 yrs (2015-2018), a total of 17,499 samples were tested from suspected dengue infection cases. Out of 9968 samples tested for dengue specific IgM antibody, 1711 (17.17%) were positive and out of 7531 samples tested for NS1 antigen, 580 (7.70%) were positive. Conclusion: An increase in detection of dengue cases was observed in 2017 & 2018 in comparison to 2015 & 2016.The increase in case detection may be attributed to active health campaigns generating awareness among general public and availability of prompt diagnostic facilities. The increase may also be indicative of infection by a possible new serotype.

Objective: To discuss the effect of systemic nursing on postoperative recovery of gastric cancer patients. Methods: According to the patient's operation time, 134 patients with radical gastrectomy from January 2016 to July 2018 were randomly divided into two groups, 64 in each group. Patients in the control group received routine care and the observation group received systematic nursing intervention based on routine care. The recovery and complications of the two groups were compared. Results: In the observation group, the first anesthesia time, the first time to the ground, and the total hospital stay were shorter than the control group, and the incidence of complications was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Systematic nursing intervention in patients with gastric cancer can significantly shorten the recovery time after radical gastrectomy in patients, and significantly reduce the incidence of complications in patients with gastric cancer.

Objective: To explore the effect of evidence-based nursing on the quality of life of patients with gastric cancer. Methods: A total of 92 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled in our hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to the admission time of the patients, 46 patients in each group. The control group received routine nursing, and the observation group used evidence-based nursing. The nursing intervention was 2 months, and the improved quality of life comprehensive assessment questionnaire was adopted. (GQOLI) compares the quality of life of the two groups of patients. Results: After 2 months of nursing, the psychological function, physical function, social function score and total score of the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the scores and total scores of the GQOLI scales in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Statistical significance (P <0.05). Conclusion: Evidence-based nursing can effectively improve the GQOLI scale score of gastric cancer patients and improve their quality of life. It has high application value in gastric cancer.

Various ways of histopathological staining has been carried out in today's laboratories through advancements by way of chemical, molecular biology assays and immunological techniques. At early years, only the readily commercially available chemicals available for staining purpose were Potassium dichromate, alcohol and the mercuric chloride to harden the cellular tissue varieties. Staining techniques available during those times were Carmine, Silver nitrate, Gram's, Giemsa, Trichrome and Hematoxylin. In modern histopathological procedures, it has been proved that various combination of the different staining procedures would enhance the staining process efficiency and results. In this article, we have analyzed the different varieties of stains and its efficiency.

Ovarian carcinoma is the most common cause of death due to gynecologic malig¬nancy. Peritoneal involvement is present in approximately 70% of patients at the time of initial diagnosis. Common sites of intraperitoneal seeding of ovarian carcinoma include the pelvis, omentum, paracolic gutters, liver capsule, and diaphragm. Soft-tissue thickening, nodularity, and enhancement are all signs of peritoneal involvement. Computed tomography can be used to detect these metastatic lesions, which can be miliary or large and appear as soft-tissue or low-attenuation masses.

Human identification is a mainstay of civilization and the identification of unknown individuals always has been of paramount importance to the society. Traditional methods of identification have included visually recognizing the body, personal property like clothing, jewellery etc. These methods are however, not very reliable and can be a very traumatic experience for relatives and friends in burned & decomposed cases. The most reliable means of identification include finger prints, dental comparison and DNA profiling, which are unique to every person. Forensic Odontology is one of the most rapidly emerging branches of forensic medicine and forensic science. This branch gives immense importance to dental evidence for the identification of victims and suspects in mass disasters, abuse and organized crimes. Forensic Odontology involves the correct collection, management, interpretation, evaluation and presentation of dental evidence for criminal or civil legal proceedings: a combination of various aspects of the dental, scientific and legal professions. Literature reveals that human dentition is never the same in any two individuals; this is the main basis for dental identification (Each dentition is considered to be unique, although to the non-dental eye, they all may look the same. Variations in shape, color, position, age changes, wear patterns, caries and periodontitis, and all associated dental restorations and prosthetic work, make the dentition as individual as fingerprints. This review aims to discuss the utility of periodontal findings in the field of forensic odontology.

Care of the critically ill parturients is a unique challenge in obstetrics particularly because of its unpredictability. The major contribution to mortality and morbidity being obstetric haemorrhage, toxaemia of pregnancy, severe anemia and sepsis, especially in developing countries. Method: This study evaluated the obstetric admissions to ICU in our tertiary care 700 bedded centre over a 2 year period; ‘A retrospective Observational Study’, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2018.The information collected included patient characteristics, vital signs and GCS on ICU admission, and outcome of patients admitted. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: On analysis 0.6% of the total obstetric patients admitted during the study period required ICU admission(390), which constitutes to 1.02% of the total no. of deliveries(38,251).Severe PET/Eclampsia, (44.86%) 175 patients, and obstetrical haemorrhage (37.94%),148 patients were the two most common indications for admission to ICU.156(40%) patients received mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Obstetric ICU management is a team approach involving obstetricians, anaesthesiologists and other physician/surgeon specialists for the optimal care of these patients. Early referral to tertiary care centres can minimise mortality in critically ill patients.

Goitre is quite a common clinical presentation in surgical practice. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a well established first line diagnostic test for evaluation of goitre and is a more useful investigation than others like ultrasonography, thyroid function tests and serological studies. Materials and methods: Prospective study of 50 cases of goitre who underwent FNAC during period Jan 2017- Dec 2017. The results of Fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathology were compared and sensitivity and specificity were studied. Results: The results were that majority of patients were having colloid goitre 62%, followed by multi nodular goitre (20%), thyroiditis 12%,papillary carcinoma 4% and anapaestic carcinoma 2%. Carcinoma among patients was diagnosed in 3 patients by FNAC while by histopathology among 5 patients. Also, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive vale (NPV) of FNAC are 97%,71%,95.7% and 83.3% respectively. Conclusion: FNAC is base line investigation in case goiter & appears to be reliable and best used in conjugation with thyroid function test and ultra sonography

Lipoleiomyoma of the uterus is uncommon benign uterine tumour in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The exact etiology is not known, but it may be associated with a history of leiomyoma, obesity, and hyper-estrogenic disorders. There are several proposed theories for the pathogenicity of lipoleiomyoma, none of which has been proven yet. Here we report a case of uterine lipoleiomyoma in a postmenopausal woman with long-standing diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. This observation suggests that coexistence of both diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia in this patient may be just a syndromic association or it may have a role in the mechanism behind changes of leiomyoma to lipoleiomyoma in postmenauposal women.

The successful movement of the Indian economy depends upon the smooth functioning of its banking sector. But in recent years, it has witnessed a big issue called Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) and it is becoming an incurable problem for the banking sectors. On the other side, the Indian banking sector has launched a concept called financial inclusion and thus to provide the banking services to the financially excluded people. But, this initiation is putting the additional financial risk on the banking sector in the form of mounting NPAs day by day. This kind of situation has to be tackled in an effective way by the banking sector for their future survival. With this backdrop, the present paper has made an attempt to identify the reasons for rising NPAs and to construct a valid methodology to foresee NPAs in the future. Thus, in this research, Multiple Linear Regression model has been constructed to forecast the amount of NPAs in 2020. This model was constructed based on the existing models used in the prediction and this model would help the Indian banking sector to tackle the NPAs problem in an effective manner.

In order to reduce construction costs and the energy consumed in heating and cooling, the use of laterite and cement are the essential element to install stabilized earth blocks. For this work, the main purpose is to study the effect of the use of bricks of raw earth stabilized with the help of cement. Its objective is to assess the evolution over time of mechanical resistance to the compression and traction of these bricks as well as the speed of water absorption. The mass dosages used for cement are: 25%, 20%, 15%, 10% and 00%. All bricks were tested for compression, traction and permeability testing at 14 days. The results obtained show that the dosage at 25% cement is optimal; it gives compression resistance of 5.84 MPa and 0.99 MPa in 14-day traction for soils collected from Site 2 at a depth of 0.7 m. However, the demands of the bricks to the traction give lower values compared to those obtained in com pressure for all soils. On the other hand, the presence of cement has a positive effect on the mechanical behaviour of the composite material.

This research was conducted with the aim to quantify the impact of Phosphorus and Sulphur of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) during winter season of 2014-15, at Agriculture experimental field, Nehru P.G. College Lalitpur, (U.P.). The treatments consisted of 4 Phosphorus levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 Kg P2O5 ha-1) and 4 sulphur levels (0, 10, 20 and 40 Kg S ha-1). The Pot experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Application of 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 40 kg S ha-1 significantly increased the Yield Attributes & Nutrient Content, Protein Content and Nutrient Uptake of Green Gram. The seed yield & straw yield at 20 kg S ha-1 was significant over control and nutrient uptake, content production at 40 kg S ha-1 was significant over control respectively. The maximum N, P, K and S contents and uptakes in Green Gram were recorded with 90 kg P2O5 and 40 kg S ha-1, respectively. The interaction between P and S had significant effect on yield and mineral composition of Green Gram and maximum yields were recorded under 60 kg P2O5 and 40 kg S ha-1 that was statistically at par with 90 kg P2O5 and 40 kg S ha-1.

The Tribal Plurality and Cultural Inflexibility in Papua New Guinea (PNG) address a unique sense of socio-political structure indicating peculiarities of its own compared to other tribal nations. This distinctive mode of traditional tribal cultural phenomena got its prominence because of the existence of over eight hundred tribes with similar count of languages thereof in PNG. All different tribes and their diverse cultures tend to maintain their pride and distinctiveness without any compromise. That is how, this long enduring tribal plurality and cultural inflexibility influence day to day life of Papua New Guineans at large. This study would endeavor the effectiveness of the multiplicity of tribes and their rigid cultures against the waves of modern global expectations. Research under study would be dealt in using the ethnographic and anthropological methods facing the efficacy of Melanesian society and culture.

Under constitutional supremacy doctrine, if a law or contract violates any norm of the Constitution, that law or contract, whether promulgated by the parliament or by the executive branch or entered into by private persons for private purposes, is null and void and without any force and effect. In this line of argument, the Constitution is the basic and paramount law to which all other laws must conform and to which all persons, including the highest officials of the land, must defer. Despite this constitutional guide the perplexing scenario has been the expediency to sap this constitutional strength for gluttony of leadership power which has debased its rectitude in the practice of some of the EAC member states. A reflection of Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi points to the truth that constitutions have been amended egoistically to legitimize power in the name of the will of the people. This has generated constitutions that focuses on the interest of leaders rather than citizen and has necessitated compliance under constitutional authority. This paper recommends that an ethical understanding of constitutional building process that genuinely integrate the will of the people should be capitalize and regional and global effort should come together recall for respect of appropriate constitutional building processes in some of the East African Community member states.

Modification of polymers is widely used nowadays. Among the most important and practical methods of modifying polymers is blending. Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) was blended with low density polyethylene (LDPE)in five different ratios for each (100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40) respectively with loading the blends with carbon black filler. Effect of polyethylene content in the blend on its swelling behavior and Mechanical properties was investigated. The critical content of PE in the blend was 0.3 weight fraction. All the blends showed excellent swelling behavior in sea water medium. It was found that addition of PE into EPDM matrix enhances the mechanical properties of the blends such as: tensile strength and modulus of elasticity .Also EPDM/PE blends show sufficient degree of toughness to be utilized in industrial applications efficiently.

Since its discovery, concrete has exhibited a varied behaviour in different environments and under different conditions of preservation. This variation was the major concern of many researchers. The majority of studies developed for this purpose are carried out in laboratories under well-controlled test conditions that do not reflect the actual conditions under which the concrete structure is put in place. In the Sahelian climate (arid and hot climate), the effect of ambient temperature and hygrometry greatly influences the mechanical resistance of concrete to compression. To illustrate this effect, we have tried in this study to make a comparison between the effect of the cure on concrete specimens prepared and subjected to the different real conditions of protective workings (burlap, polyane film, etc.) and test pieces kept in water within the laboratory. For this we carried out an experimental programme in which several test pieces were made and subjected to compression tests according to age. The results obtained show that in the environment where the ambient temperature is high and the relative humidity is low, fresh concrete increases in resistance at a young age and then loses in resistance at an older age and that the effect of the method of cure is very considerable and can control this result.

In the building sector, noise is a source of deterioration in the health status of the population. The choice of building materials is essential to ensure the acoustic comfort of buildings. Our study focused on the stabilized earth, and the cement-wood composite where each sample is acoustically characterized using the Kundt tube where the absorption coefficient of these materials was measured according to the water content. It shows that the humidity influences the acoustic absorption coefficient of each material in the standardized frequency zones ranging from 315 Hz to 2000 Hz.

The purpose of this research project is to develop a nutraceutical chocolate based confectionary product which will provide benefits other than that of traditional chocolate. We felt like there is a need to produce some innovative confection other than traditional chocolates. The nutraceutical chocolate bar which we have manufactured is more nutritious and healthy due to its rare ingredients which also makes it a unique nutraceutical chocolate bar. The raw materials required for the preparation of this bar like moringa and quinoa along with fruits like kiwi, pineapple, apricots and nuts like almonds, cashew nuts, peanuts and desiccated coconut are procured from Jalgaon district. For the standardization of formulation, 4 test samples were prepared of different proportions of raw materials, among which the T4 was selected by sensory panelist based on organoleptic evaluation. The bar is further packed into the aluminum foil wrappers. The approximate nutritional values obtained by analysis are particularly as, Protein 5.19 gm, Fat 29.15 gm, Carbohydrate 37.28 gm Fiber 22.8 gm. The storage conditions are studied at variable temperature conditions and recommended to be as below 200C in cool, dark and dry place. The well packed bars were studies for the duration of 3 month to determine its shelf life.

Background: Mental health is an essential part of children's overall health and has a complex interactive relationship with their physical health and their ability to succeed in society. As children grow they acquire many skills to adjust themselves in environment. Sometimes they acquire good skills but sometimes they develop some unhealthy skills which sometimes turned up to into behavioural problems. Mothers being primary caregiver of child play important role in their mental health. Time spend by mothers with their children, their knowledge and awareness regarding behavioural problems and its management plays major role in the prevalence of behavioural problem in their children. Aim: The Present study was aimed to assess the prevalence of behavioural problems among children (age 3-10yrs) of working and non-working mothers in selected areas of Faridkot. Materials and Methods: Cross sectional survey was used to select 300 children of working and non working mothers from the Peadiatric department of Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital Faridkot, Punjab. Out of 300 sample 150 children were of working mothers and 150 children were of Non-working mothers and were selected with purposive sampling technique. Tool used for data collection were –Socio demographic data sheet and strength and difficulty questionnaire. Results: From the results of present it was concluded that 12% children were abnormal in case of non-working mothers and 7.3% children were abnormal in case of working mothers. Prevalence of behavioural problems was found more in children of non-working mothers. Conclusion: From the results of present study it appears that association of working mothers education and family income had impact on the prevalence of behavioral problem in children most of working mothers in present study were educated up to graduate/more level with good family income and tend to show that prevalence of behavioral problems in their children was less than the children of non-working mothers.

The present investigation was under taken during two consecutive years on periodical observations (30, 60 and 90 DAT) on vegetative growth at C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. Results indicated that all the growth parameters such as number of leaves, plant spread, diameter of plant stem, increased to the maximum upto the 75 % nitrogen level with or without biofertilizers. As regard the flowering characters there was a significant reduction in days taken to first flower bud initiation and days taken to first flower bud opening, under the combined application of biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB) along with 75 % nitrogen (T8) in both the years. While, Application of 100 % nitrogen along with biofertilizer inoculation delayed both the parameters. However, the maximum days were required under control (T14).

Background: Caring code is a guidance developed as a guideline in applying caring behavior. Objects: to develop caring code in the Emergency Room of Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital. Methods: The research used action research method. It was done from October, 2017, November, 2018, until January, 2019 through action research cycle 1. The research instrument was focus group discussion (FGD) guideline, questionnaires on nurses’ knowledge of caring, and observation sheets about nurses’ caring behavior. The samples were 20 nurses as the respondents, taken by using purposive sampling technique. The data were gathered qualitatively, using content analysis and quantitatively, using frequency distribution. Results: The result of the research showed that there were some themes: the meaning of caring according to the nurses, nurses’ caring behavior needed in the emergency, nurses’ caring behavior used by patients, the factors which influenced nurses’ caring behavior, and nurses’ obstacles in doing caring behavior. The caring code in the emergency room was divided into three stages, organized based on triage at Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital which had 21 nurses’ caring behaviors. It increased nurses’ knowledge of caring: in the pre-caring code implementation, their knowledge frequency was 90%, and in the post-implementation it increased to 100%. In the pre-implementation, their caring behavior in the emergency room was60%, and in the post-implementation it increased to 90%. Conclusion: It is recommended that the hospital management give support and reward to nurses in the emergency room who have had good caring behavior.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has led to the search for new substances with bactericidal activity. Among them are some extracts of plant origin, such as some essential oils, which have shown a potent antimicrobial action. At present, the antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris have been studied. It has been reported that T. vulgaris essential oil has shown high antibacterial activity against Salmonella enteritidis, S. choleraesuis, S. typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli. In the present work, the effect of T. vulgaris essential oil on the viability of eukaryotic cells was studied.

The purpose of this study to identify the extent of awareness and knowledge of the Saudi women in Jeddah city of the conceptions of fermentation and fermented foods. Questionnaires were designed and distributed among female students (n= 174) at King Abdul-Aziz University. The results demonstrated that over 60% of respondents have known about the fermentation process in food production and its essential step in making cheeses and yogurt. On the other hands, Saudi women showed a low level of awareness (25%, 8%, and 17 %) in the fermentation process involved some fermented products such as soy sauce, cocoa and coffee beans respectively. Similarly, only 18% of Saudi women had known about the beneficial effect of microorganism in improving fermented cereals quality and removes toxic compounds. A low percentage of Saudi women (16%) had knowledge about probiotic bacteria in fermented foods. In conclusion, this study exhibited a moderate level of awareness among Saudi women about the fermentation process and its used in food production and preservation.