September 2021

Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) video games are easily accessible and widely used. Yet, there is limited literature about the effects these video games have on the anxiety levels of a general population of adults. With an increase in online presence and an advancement in technology, these video games have the potential to be used in mental healthcare settings, reducing cost, and increasing access. Aims: This study aims to investigate whether COTS video games have a measurable effect on the anxiety levels of young adults. It also probes if the genre of video games played make a difference to the kind of effect they have on anxiety. Methods: Participants (n=41) were split into two groups at random, with Group A (n=21) playing an action game and Group B (n=20) playing a non-action game. Each participant played the video game for an hour. A state anxiety test was administered before and after the gameplay. The difference between these scores for each participant was calculated as impact scores. This quantitative data was analyzed by through statistical testing using t-tests and correlation analysis. Results: For both participants with positive and negative change, the paired samples t-test results (Positive: t19=7.109, p<0.01; Negative: t20=-6.415, p<0.01) indicated a significant change in anxiety scores. The difference between the impact scores of Groups A and B was found to be not significant. Further, a negative correlation was found between pre-test scores and impact scores. Conclusion: COTS video games have a significant effect on the anxiety levels of young adults, irrespective of genre.

Aim: Evaluation of the oral stereognostic ability of complete dentures patients over patients wearing over dentures. Study design: The study is an in vivo comparative study. Materials and Methods: In the present study, oral stereognostic tests were carried out on 20 subjects. Out of the 20 subjects 10 patients were complete denture wearers and 10 patients were overdenture wearers. For each patient oral streognostic test was done without the denture and with the denture. The patients were blindfolded and one random test specimen was placed on the mid dorsum of the tongue. Stopwatch was started as soon as the test piece made contact with the tongue. Subjects were allowed to freely manipulate the test piece in the mouth. Within a 15 second patient had to point to the shape on the paper sheet .Then all six test specimens were presented in the random order. Scores were given. Then patient is asked to wear a complete denture and same procedure is followed. Results: Data obtained from oral stereognostic ability test were statistically analyzed and found out that stereognostic test ability in overdenture was significantly more than complete denture. Conclusion: We concluded that patient using overdenture have better stereognostic abilities than complete denture.

Introdução: A escola é um espaço de relações sociais, produção de conhecimento e de impacto significativo na saúde. Diante disso, a enfermagem escolar pode atuar no apoio aos escolares e profissionais da educação, no processo de ensino aprendizagem, e fornecendo os cuidados em saúde necessários e adequados ao ambiente escolar. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência do trabalho desenvolvido pela enfermagem em uma escola privada de Palmas, Tocantins, no primeiro semestre de 2021. Metodologia: Artigo de relato de experiência acerca da atividade de enfermagem realizada em uma escola no Tocantins, no período de fevereiro a agosto de 2021. Relato: De maneira geral, a equipe de enfermagem ocupou quatro funções: avaliação geral de saúde do escolar no início e no final de cada turno de aula, assistência sistematizada de enfermagem na sala da enfermagem, educação em saúde e vigilância epidemiológica.Considerações finais: A vivência da enfermagem escolar permitiu identificar sua importância tanto para a comunidade escolar, quanto para a equipe de enfermagem, contribuindo para maior segurança da comunidade escolar, não apenas em tempos de pandemia, mas em todo o tempo.

One of the major concerns of using bioprosthetic valve in Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR) or Bentall surgery is the risk of structural valve deterioration (SVD) leading to bioprosthetic failure. It can lead to aortic stenosis, regurgitation or combined stenosis and regurgitation. As a redo-surgery can be associated with multiple complications, Valve in valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (VIV-TAVR) can provide a safer alternative.

Background: Adenoidectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by Otorhinolaryngologists in the paediatric population. Most commonly used method for adenoidectomy being digital palpation of adenoids followed by their blind curettage using adenoid curette. This leads to incomplete removal of adenoids and also has risks of injuring surrounding structures. Objective of our study was to evaluate the role of intra-operative endoscopic inspection of conventional adenoidectomy. Methodology: Eighty patients attending ENT OPDs at Chigateri district hospital and Bapuji hospital, teaching hospitals attached to our institute during the period from October 2016 to October 2018 with symptoms and radiographic evidence of enlarged adenoids and who fulfill all inclusion and exclusion criteria and are willing to participate in the study were selected, informed and written consent was taken from all cases. A thorough clinical examination and required investigations were performed and diagnosis of enlarged adenoids was made. Patients were operated by Conventional adenoidectomy, followed by visualization and removal of remnants in the nasopharynx using a rigid endoscope. The number of patients benefited with remnants removal was noted. Results: The mean age of patients in our study was 8.8 years with male preponderance. Most common presenting complaints were mouth breathing, nasal obstruction, and snoring. Adenoidectomy with tonsillectomy was the most common procedure performed. Adenoid remnants were detected using endoscopic visualization in 92.5% of the cases in our study, with nasopharyngeal roof being the most common site. Conclusion: Endoscopic assisted adenoidectomy allows complete removal of adenoid tissue there by reducing the chances of developing recurrent adenoid, obstructive symptoms and reducing the bacterial reservoir in the nasopharynx.

Mucormycosis is a life threatening illness, encountered lately as a sequel of post COVID 19 infection which is commonly found in immunocompromised individuals especially with diabetes mellitus. Due to the aggressive disease progression if not diagnosed early and treated appropriately with antifungals and surgical debridement, the mortality rate rises remarkably. Anaesthetists face challenges in view of poor general condition, hemodynamic instability and difficult airway of the patients. In this case ketamine was used as inducing agent along with propofol and was also used as maintenance agent demonstrating the usefulness and efficacy of the drug.

A helical coiled heat exchanger is generally functional in industrial applications due to its compact structure, larger heat transfer area and higher heat transfer capability. The study of this investigation is the comparison CFD Analysis of TiO2 Nano-Fluid with Water and Ethylene Glycol as a base fluid in Tapered Helical Coil Heat Exchanger with the help of CFD on copper tube. The Titanium Oxide (TiO2), are used as Nano fluid and water and ethylene glycol is a base fluid. Tapered Helical coil was fabricated by bending 500 mm length of copper tube having 10mm tube diameter, 50mm pitch coil diameter, 20mm pitch and 20 tapered angle. The comparison of pressure drop and temperature variation between TiO2 nano fluid with water as its base and TiO2 nanofluid with ethylene glycol as its base is found in this analysis. The result indicates that the TiO2 nanofluid with ethylene glycol as a base fluid have maximum pressure drop and TiO2 nanofluid with water as its base fluid have maximum temperature variation compare with ethylene glycol as a base fluid. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology using ANSYS FLUENT 15 is used here to investigate pressure drop of Titanium Oxide (TiO2) nanofluid with ethylene glycol and water as its base fluid on the heat transfer characteristics in a tapered helically coil-tube.

This paper presents finite element analysis on flexural behavior of recycled aggregates concrete beam using Abacus and same is compare with the experimental obtained results., the numerical models for the static load appraisal on beam are starting to become more accurate and honorable, the ABAQUS program is used to model the behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) beam subjected to static loading. The Nonlinear finite element model uses the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) approach. The model used in the present study can help to compare the experimental investigations under considerations as a valuable data for the design aspect. Four test beam specimens of size 150X230X2200mm with four different mixes with partial replacement of Natural coarse aggregate with Recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and Treated recycled coarse aggregate (TRCA) are modelled in ABAQUS 6.14 and tested for static loading and the parameters such as first crack load, ultimate load and load deflection behavior were studied, then the analytical results are compared with experimental results. Hence, the Nonlinear finite element models can simulate the behavior of recycled aggregate beam under static load and there was good compromise of analytical results obtained from ABAQUS 6.14 with that of experimental results.

Cytological investigations have been carried out in the experimental set of individual treatment of chemical mutagen such as EMS concentration in Pea (Pisum sativum L.). Seeds of Pea were subjected to different concentrations of EMS. The treated root tips showed varying degree of mitotic abnormalities almost in all the concentrations of EMS. The frequency of mitotic abnormalities was found to be more in highest concentrations of EMS. The various types of mitotic aberrations such as fragments, bridges, laggards, micronuclei, early and late separation were scored in case of root meristem cells of treated materials. Taking the percentage of mitotic aberrations and germination as an index of effectiveness of a mutagen concentration proved to be the most effective.

Background: Gonorrhoea is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) across the world. Isolation and preservation of gonococci is important to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular characterization. Objective: To evaluate the preservation of gonococci by deep freezing, chocolate GC agar slope and lyophilization. Methods: The study was undertaken at State level STI/RTI Laboratoryat a tertiary care hospital. Isolation of gonococci was done from suspected cases of gonorrhoea. The culture isolates of gonococci were preserved by deep freezing, chocolate GC agar slope and lyophilization. Results: Out of 71 suspected cases of gonorrhoea, N. gonorrhoeae was isolated from 22 cases (30.9%). Preservation of all 22 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were attempted by 3 methods.Out of 22 gonococcal isolates preserved by deep freezing (-700 C), 12 (54.5%), 06 (27.2%) and 03 (13.6%) isolates were revived at 3 months, 6 months and 8 months respectively by nutrient broth - glycerol method; 10 (45.5%), 04 (18.1%) and 01 (4.5%) were revived at 3 months, 6 months and 8 months respectively by preservation media (trypticase soy broth and yeast extract). Out of 22 gonococcal isolates, 18 (81.8%), 14 (63.63%) and 06 (27.27%) isolates were revived at end of 1 month, 3 months and 6 months by subculturing gonococcal isolates from chocolate GC agar slope. Conclusion: Chocolate GC agar slope is preferred method for preservation of gonococcal isolates over other methods in routine microbiology laboratories as its inexpensive, less laborious, doesn’t require sophisticated equipment and recovery rate of gonococcal isolates is good upto 6 months.

Background: Dental occlusion is the connection between the masticatory surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth. The occlusion types include the edge to edge bite, the moderate overbite, the extreme overbite, and the negative overbite. This study offers important information for exploit in orthodontics, anthropology and forensic science. Objectives: To investigate the pattern of tooth occlusion among the Ika people, to investigate if there is a significant gender difference, and to provide a baseline data on the dental occlusion pattern for the Ika ethnic group. Methods: Data was gotten from 384 subjects fromIka Kingdoms in Delta State, Nigeria (Agbor, Owa-Ekie and Owa-Alero). Data was collected via observation as subjects were asked to bite, swallow saliva, occlude and open their mouths, while the association between the upper maxillary and lower mandibular teeth was observed and recorded. Record of occlusion pattern was taken as mild overbite, edge to edge bite, negative bite or severe overbite. The Chi-square test was used for inferential statistics and P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results:The mild overbite occlusion pattern had the highest frequency (Males 43.2%, females 42.3%). The negative overbite had the lowest frequency (Males 2.1%, females 1.0%). There was no significant association between sex and type of occlusion pattern (p=0.84), and between age and type of occlusion pattern (p>0.05). The second most common type of occlusion pattern in the age group range of 15-19 years was the severe overbite occlusion pattern (28%), but in the other age groups (20-24years, 25-30 years) it wasthe edge to edge bite occlusion pattern,28.2% and 32.8% respectively. Conclusion: The mild overbite occlusion pattern is the most prevalent type found among the Ika people, and there is no significant association between sex or age group and type of occlusion pattern.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic process automation (RPA) amalgamation has caused a dramatic change in healthcare in the areas of predictive analytics and real time monitoring. This paper examines the various impact of implementation AI and RPA systems on the quality of patient’s care and the workflows of clinical settings in healthcare. We start by doing a detailed analysis of AI and RPA in the healthcare industry. Subsequently, we continue to explore the revolutionary role of these technologies in the process of managing patients. AI and RPA can be used to develop and improve workflow systems, which in turn can lead to higher efficiency, better quality of the care, and can be applied in numerous fields such as clinical decision support, and administrative tasks. Subsequently, we illuminate the paradigm of predictive analytics in healthcare, highlighting its priceless role in the prediction of patient outcomes, identification of patients in at-risk populations, and the development of treatment plans that are tailored to each individual. Achieving this goal is enabled by the process of using modern statistical algorithms and machine learning techniques. As a result, the healthcare providers are enabled to foresee the development of diseases, detect the abnormalities and take preventive measures. Then we will have a look at the amazing global of the real-time monitoring using AI and RPA. This kind of up-to-date technology provides a continuous monitoring of patient health parameters and an immediate response when it is needed. With the help of real-time data from multiple sources, monitoring systems that run on AI technology have the potential to detect any slight differences in a patient's condition, even if they are not obvious. Such systems allow them to foresee problems and warn doctors about imminent risks and adverse events before they happen. Also, we give an overview of the benefits and difficulties of AI and RPA integration in the healthcare system. Although these technologies help to bring about better outcomes for patients, greater efficiency, and cost savings, there are also difficulties in terms of data quality, privacy issues, and ethical considerations. Lastly, we go further into the future outlook of the discipline that is consisting of the AI model advancement, the internet of things integration and the ethical systems creation. Through the adoption of the trends in AI and RPA, healthcare institutions can leverage the power of the technologies in shaping the innovative cloth of healthcare, improving the patient outcomes and promoting the patient-oriented care.

The integrated nutrient management system is important for crop productivity and soil health. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L. Dunal) is a widely used medicinal herb in Ayurveda. It is considered to be a Rasayana herb, an adaptogen and is commonly referred to as “Indian ginseng. A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 near the college of agriculture farm. Tikamgarh, (M.P.) India to study the effect of integrated nutrient management system on phenological and growth attributing characters of Ashwagandha. The twelve treatment combinations of different fertilizers doses, biofertilizers and manures were tested in randomized block design with three replications. Integrated nutrient management system significantly influenced different phenological, growth attributes and physiological parameters of Ashwagandha. The significant maximum values were observed in days to flower initiation (68.5 DAS), plant height (64.74 cm.), several branches per plant (10.69), numbers of leaves per plant (100.40), leaf area per plant (823.81 cm2) and leaf area index (1.470) with T12 treatment (50% NPK/ha+5 tonnes FYM/ha+3kg PSB/ha + 3kg Azotobacter/ha+5kg Zn/ha). While maximum values in days to first fruit maturity (142.5 DAS) and leaf water potential (21.3 -ev bar) were recorded under the T1 treatment (100% NPK recommended dose 50:30:30 kg/ha). However, the effect on days to germination, days to primary branch, days to secondary branch and days to first fruit initiation was no significant.

Background: Trauma is a major increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries like Nepal. The traumatic injuries account for major financial loss and may lead to permanent deformities and dysfunction leading to mental and psychological health problems. According to the Nepalese Ministry of Health and Population, unspecified Injuries are the third largest single cause of hospitalization and 10% of Nepal’s total burden of diseases. This study was done to improve the understanding of differerent spectrum, the mode of trauma, severity of injuries, and outcome of trauma victims in our hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of all adult trauma patients more than 18‑year‑old presenting to our emergency department (ED).Details of the incident in terms of causes, severity, mode, and outcome of injuries were noted. RESULT: Most vulnerable age group for traumatic injuries was between 20-40 years. The gender distribution was 70% males and 30% females. 80% patients arrived in Emergency ward beyond one hour of accident ( golden hours) between 8 am to 5 pm being stayed 24 hours. Fall from height on the ground (45%) was the most common mode of injury, followed by Road traffic injuries (41%), cut injuries (7. 5%),trauma related assault, sports and animal injuries (6.2%) electrical injuries (0.7%), industrial injuries 0.3% Regarding implementation of Australian triage system (ATS) in relation with different mode of trauma, fall from height( (137), out of which ATS 2 was 6, ATS 3 was 114 and ATS 4 was 17),Road traffic injury(124) out of which ATS 2 was 12, ATS 3 was 100 and ATS 4 was 12. Regarding implementation of ATS scoring in relation with injured area involved, upper extremity (130) out of which ATS 2 was 5, ATS 3 was 108 and ATS 4 was 17, Lower extremity (119) out of which ATS 2 was 10, ATS 3 was 98, and ATS 4 was 11. Extremity injuries (upper and lower limbs) were the most common injuries seen in 70% of patients followed by traumatic brain injury (TBI) (7%), thoracic injuries (6%), abdominal injuries (6%), Spinal injuries 6%, facial injuries (3.4%) and neck injuries (0.8%) with two wheeler accidents contributing to the majority.78% patients had moderate severity of injury, 17% had minor injury and 4% had serious injuries and 0.7% had severe injury. Emergency Department(ED) team alone managed around half of the patient (50%), while around 50 % patients were admitted in different wards for further evaluation and treatment in terms of either conservative management or surgical interventions. 42% were discharged in a stable condition.2% were gone on left against medical advice (LAMA),1% referred to other centre. out of which 49% patients had managed operative followed by 51 % had non operative .Conclusion: Falls and Road traffic injuries are the predominant causes of trauma. A. simple scoring system such as Australian triage system (ATS has been used to prioritize injured patients according to urgency.

Secondary metabolites are valuable source for drug preparation. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of Ceropegia bulbosa showed presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, proteins and amino acids, saponins, sterols, and, terpenoids. The gas chromatography- mass spectrometry of methanolic leaf extract showed Pentadecanoic acid having highest area % of 10.09 with retention time 16.105 followed by Octadecanoic acid with area % of 2.43, retention time 18.049 followed by 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6- methyl-4H-Pyran with area % of 0.55, retention time 7.125 followed by Tetradecanoic acid with area % of 0.45, retention time 15.002 followed by Heptadecanoic acid with area % of 0.31, retention time 18.097 followed by 1-Octadecene with area % of 0.16, retention time 15.297. The present study shows that the methanolic extract of Ceropegia bulbosa have important bioactive compounds which can play a significant role in drug development.

In this work, babassu oil was selected as a raw material potentially capable of producing renewable hydrocarbons in the biokerosene range by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), in the presence of the NiMo / γ-Al2O3 catalyst. According to gas chromatography, practically 70 % of the fatty acids constituent of babassu oil had carbon chains containing between 10 and 16 carbon atoms, with a predominance of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with 12 carbon atoms (44.58 %). A full factorial design 23 with a central point was carried out in order to investigate the individual and interaction effects on the selectivity to hydrocarbons of the following factors: reaction time, temperature, and H2 pressure. The liquid reaction products were characterized by gas chromatography (CG-FID) and the experimental results were adjusted by a mathematical model. According to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the parameters temperature, reaction time, and H2 pressure were significant. Temperature was the variable with the greatest influence on selectivity to hydrocarbons. The interaction factors reaction time - temperature and temperature - H2 pressure were also significant. The best selectivity result was achieved at a temperature of 340 ºC and 70 bar of H2, in which 98.41 % of hydrocarbons were obtained, in a time of 5 h. Under the conditions evaluated in this work, it was possible to obtain a high selectivity to renewable hydrocarbons in the range of aviation biokerosene by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) from babassu oil. Babassu oil has proved to be a potential raw material for obtaining this biofuel.

Description of the subject: In rural areas, food insecurity threatens the population more and more in recent decades and still continue. This is why this study set out to analyzed the Economic profitability of the millet and sorghum’s crop on the sites recovered half-moons to cope with the shock of land degradation in Bagaroua area (Republic of NIGER).Method. Primary data were obtained through individual surveys preceded by focus groups. A total of 254 households were randomly selected from 3 villages in the Tahoua region, Bagaroua department, WFP intervention area. The results of the socioeconomic profile obtained using the HEA method show that 69.5% of households are poor, 27.75% belong to the middle class and 1.52% wealth. Regarding food security, the Household Food Insecurity Scale (EIAM) shows that only 14.28% are food secure. Results: The study revealed that the addition of organic manure to the half-moons makes it possible to obtain millet and sorghum grain productions ranging from 450 to 750 kg / ha. On the other hand, despite the good hydric state, the infiltration due to the destruction of the surface crust and to the storage of water without input in these half-moons does not seem to increase the production (less than 100Kg / ha). As a result, the operation of the structures studied (half-moons) are profitable, given that one franc invested brings in 5.17 FCFA. Thus, the recovery of land by half-moons can be an effective method of recovery and productivity of degraded soils so that finally curb the problem of frequent food insecurity and reduce household poverty in Niger and more specifically the region of Ader.

It is an undeniable fact that the global economic crisis and recession have caused rapid, structural changes in the hierarchical pyramid of enterprises and solutions are being sought to recover the sales of each company's products. Moreover, it goes without saying that the historical time keeps speeding up. More specifically, the rapid development of technology highlights issues of techniques for the promotion of products and services. Consumers are no longer content with conventional promotions of products and services. Stereotypes of marketing techniques are enriched by technological means and many businesses are spearheading digital marketing. However, each company has its own digital footprint in the electronic environment as "[...] it is now inconceivable for a company, from the smallest to the largest brand, not to have a presence on the internet." (Panigyrakis, 2016, 179). Based on these changes, there are a lot of arising issues and challenges faced by businesses, marketing executives and consumers themselves. The paper discusses the theoretical background of digital marketing and the challenges arisen and faced by managers.

Au Sénégal, pour inverser la tendance à la dégradation massive de la couverture végétale et restaurer la productivité du sol, diverses essences d’arbres à croissance rapide et multi-usages, souvent en plantation monospécifique, ont été largement utilisées. Malgré les effets bénéfiques, leur impact sur la diversité de la flore herbacée reste peu connu. L’objectif de l’étude est de déterminer l’influence du couvert ligneux monospécifique sur la diversité floristique des herbacées.Cette étude a été menée sur des arbres en plantation monospécifique de 28 ans dans la Station de Bandia. Des relevés ont été effectués de Septembre à Octobre durant 4 ans. Au total, 48 relevés (dont 28 sous les plantations monospécifiques, 20 hors station), ont été effectués. Les résultats ont montré que la richesse et la diversité floristiques de même que l’homogénéité et la stabilité des populations herbacées diminuent sous le couvert ligneux monospécifique. Le couvert ligneux monospécifique diminue la richesse et la diversité floristiques de même que l’homogénéité et la stabilité des populations herbacées. La diversité et l’abondance des espèces herbacées sous les plantations dans la station de Bandia sont donc influencées par le couvert ligneux monospécifique.

Safety of students in public secondary schools is a matter of concern globally. In Kenya, a number of students in public boarding secondary schools do encounter tragedies ranging from death of students during infernos in schools, students falling sick due to food poisoning or poor hygiene, attack of students by the community and porous school gates which enables strangers to enter in the schools leading to stealing of school property and attack on the students. In 2008, the Government of Kenya launched Safety and Standards manual in both public schools and private schools. Implementations of these standards were expected to make students secure in these schools. However, from 2009 to 2018, there were a number of reported cases of food poisoning, closure of schools due to community threats, loss of lives of students and properties worth millions of shillings in arson cases, diseases caused by poor hygiene and many others which were unreported. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of health and hygiene safety guidelines on students’ safety in public boarding secondary schools in Homa Bay County. The study revealed that physical health and hygiene safety guidelines had significant effect on students’ safety as they accounted for 53.8% of the variation in students’ security. The study also established that health and hygiene safety guidelines had strong and positive effect on students’ safety. The study recommended that school principals should strive to fully implement these safety guidelines to enhance students’ safety in Homa bay County, Kenya. The study may be useful to policy makers and stakeholders in the Ministry of Education in developing more diversified strategies to enhance students’ safety in public boarding secondary schools in Kenya.

The Sol–gel route was used to synthesize Ceria–Yttria co-stabilized Zirconia (CYSZ) nanoparticles. The addition of stabilizing oxides to pure Zirconia, such as CaO, MgO, CeO2, and Y2O3, allows for the formation of multiphase materials, which are referred to as Co-Stabilized Zirconia. Cerium Oxide CeO2 and Yttrium Oxide Y2O3 are co-stabilized with Zirconium Oxide in this study. The creation of nanostructured coatings has been shown to boost the efficiency of TBCs by lowering thermal conductivity, increasing bonding power, and increasing thermal cycling lifetime, according to researchers. The crystallinity and stabilization of cubic crystalline phases were studied by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) at different calcination temperatures in the range of 500°C to 1200°C, and surface morphology and compositional analysis were studied by scanning electron microscopy using the sol-gel process (SEM). The research yielded interesting results, but it was discovered that when Zirconium Dioxide was synthesized using the sol-gel process, the tetragonal phase was not present; thus, other methods to obtain the tetragonal phase would be needed in the future for the application of Thermal Barrier Coating.

In Europe, institutions have tried to promote the creation of educational laboratories at different levels of instruction with the aim of teaching by manufacturing. Since the 1960s, architecture schools have attempted to theorize practice, this teaching strategy has proven inappropriate for developing the professional skills of architecture students. Fabrication classrooms are actually educational labs that function as architectural modelling workshops. The European organization for this has instituted the Future Classroom Ambassador, which has the duty to monitor and create at the different educational levels the “Future Classroom Lab”, a kind of production and creation classroom to develop training through the practice. The authors of this article will try to find out by searching for information on the Internet what is the current situation of architecture schools in Spain. Exists? What is its composition and distribution?

Background: Foreign body in bilateral nostril is very uncommon more so the button cell battery which can lead on to septal perforation because of necrosis on both sides of septum. Authors report neglected button cell batteries in both nostrils in a toddler, which was initially tried for spontaneous expulsion by parents. Method: A two-year-old child presented with pain, bilateral nasal obstruction and thick discharge in the nose. After radiological investigation diagnosis was made and one button cell battery from each nostril was removed by pediatric rigid endoscopy without any complications. Result: The removed foreign bodies were button cells. The mucosa of septum and turbinate was ulcerated. After removal bilateral nasal cavity was irrigated with saline fortified with amikacin antibiotics. Conclusion: Button cells batteries should be removed cautiously to prevent slippage in nasopharynx and further in aerodigestive tract to avoid the more serious consequences down there.

Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst is a rare complication of acute or chronic pancreatitis. It results from tracking of pancreatic fluid through diaphragmatic hiatus into the mediastinum. Herein, we report a case of mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst in a 50-year-old man with a history of chronic pancreatitis. The patient complained of dysphagia and upper abdominal pain. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed acute on chronic pancreatitis and a large posterior mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst. CT guided drainage was performed and a repeat CT scan after seven days showed almost complete resolution of the pseudocyst. High index of suspicion is needed for the diagnosis. Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst is a rare entity and can cause serious complications if left untreated.

Lyme Borreliosis is a complex disease which varies in its clinical presentation, thus can be difficult to diagnose. The classic clinical diagnosis of Lyme disease is erythema migrans rash, however, literature has shown not all patients who develop Lyme disease develop this characteristic. The life cycle, pathogenicity and ecological interactions that have an impact on the risk of transmission are multifaceted and require further research. Infection prevention and control of Lyme disease hinge on physician and public education regarding personal protection measures, symptoms and signs of the disease as well as appropriate antibiotic treatment. Early and consistent approaches to diagnosis appear essential to infection prevention and control within primary care. Increasing public awareness and concerns about Lyme disease and its potential consequences for an individual is required. Evidence also necessitates the requirement for more intensive screening within blood and blood component part transfusion. However, there is an overall lack of research within this area as highlighted by referring to seminal research studies within the text. On evaluation, if the figures for Lyme disease continue to rise, further vaccines may be required to control the outbreaks of a potentially harmful disease.

A clinician should have complete knowledge about anatomic variations of macrostructure and the external as well as internal anatomy of the tooth which is essential for a successful outcome. An awareness and thorough knowledge of root canal morphology contribute to the success of root canal treatment. Successful endodontic treatment includes the acts of locating the root canal orifice, chemo-mechanical cleaning, and shaping the root canal system before placement of a dense root canal filling with a fluid-tight seal. Anomalies in the tooth are often encountered which poses difficulties in dental treatments. As in any other teeth, mandibular molars are also prone to anatomic variation. Morphologic variations in mandibular first molars are seen in the number of root canals or the number of roots. An additional third root, first mentioned in the literature by Carabelli, is termed as Radix Entomolaris (RE). This supernumerary root is located distolingually in mandibular molars, mainly first molars. An additional root at the mesiobuccally side is termed as Radix Paramolaris (RP). This case series focuses mainly on the diagnosis and management of variable root canal anatomies like radix entomolaris and paramolaris in mandibular molars.