Cadmium as a hidden diabetogenic agent in Malaysia

Cadmium is among heavy metals that known to disrupt the human endocrine system. Its tendency to accumulate in certain organs like the liver, kidney, adrenal gland, thyroid and pancreas is believed leads to its health impacts. Many countries have implemented control on the expose of this heavy metal, either from the environment or anthropogenic sources. In Malaysia, the people are exposed through several pathways especially through food about 53.0%. Some areas have shown to have high levels of cadmium. And about 17.5% of Malaysian had diabetes mellitus that contribute to high morbidity and mortality in the country. Studies about the relationship between cadmium and non-communicable disease, particularly diabetes mellitus are very scanty. This review focuses on effect of cadmium towards diabetes mellitus to increase awareness of the public as well as clinicians. Contribution and active programme from all stakeholders are necessary for the prevention and control of cadmium endocrine toxicity.