Ethiopia’s response to climate change and variability: a review

This review paper was initiated to review the Ethiopia’s response to the existing climate variability and change. Climate variability and change have been occurring in Ethiopia. Evidences showed that there is an increase in temperature and spatial and temporal rainfall variability has been increasing. The changing climate has led to recurrent droughts and famines, flooding, expansion of desertification, loss of wetlands, loss of biodiversity, decline in agricultural production and productivity. Ethiopia had shown many efforts to combat climate change in the different parts of the country. Promoting conservation agriculture, home gardens and traditional agro forestry systems, harvesting non-timber forest products, protected area systems, a forestation and reforestation programs, renewable energy sources, livestock selling and production are among the mechanisms for mitigating and adapting climate change in Ethiopia as a response.