January 2014

Osteoporosis is a disorder in which there is a reduction of bone mass, with a consequent increase in risk of bone fracture. The term "treatment adherence" is defined as two distinct concepts, persistence and compliance. Nurses play a significant role in the consistency of treatment, and compliance to osteoporosis management. Structured education is a planned and graded program that is comprehensive in scope, flexible in content, responsive to an individual’s needs, and adaptable to patient's educational and cultural background. Aim: This study aims to improve the adherence to osteoporosis treatment using structured patient education. Subject and methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in osteoporosis clinic in Al-Noor specialist hospital, at Makah Al-Mukkaramah over a period of six months. Convenient sample of 100 Patients, classified into two groups, 50 patients assigned in each group. Two tools were used in this study. The first tool was consisted of three parts; socio-demographic data, nutrition and exercises. The second tool was an observation check list, that used to observe patients during Forteo treatment and adherence Results: There were statistical significant differences between the study and control groups regarding information about exercises, nutrition and also, the practice of Forteo administration. Conclusion: structured patient education applied through, skillful nurses help to improve patient's adherence to osteoporosis treatment. We recommended the application of structured patient education as a routine nursing care for patient with osteoporosis.

In the present study, sero-prevalence of anaplasma sp. in sheep, Ovisaries (L) was done from January-May, 2012 in Peshawar, Pakistan. The information concerning anaplasmosis in sheep is scare.For this purpose, 376 serum samples were obtained randomly from4 different breeds of sheep,fromdifferent areas of Peshawar, and an indirect ELISA using recombinant MSP-5 as antigen of Anaplasmamarginale (T), was performed. Totally, 92/376 (24.47%) of the overall sheep sera were positive for antibodies against A. marginale. In 4 breeds of sheep, (i.e. Balkhai, Watanai, Punjabai and Turkai) Turkai were found highly infected i.e. 27/376 (7.20%).This is the first record ofA. marginal infection in Sheep in Peshawar, Pakistan, which is very high.This research should be useful in epidemiological applications.

Physiological adjustment to enhance tolerance or avoidance of drought were studied in three desert plants growing in Al-Thomamah and Al-Derayah habitats, central region, Saudi Arabia. Studied plants Tamarix aphylla L., Zygophyllum coccineum L. and Artemisia monosperma Del. were collected from three stands for each habitat in March 2012. Cell sap osmotic potential, some organic (soluble sugars, total lipids content, soluble proteins, and free fatty and amino acids) and inorganic (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42- and HCO3-) soluble concentration were determined. In addition, chlorophyll a, b, and total nitrogen content and physiochemical parameters of the soil samples support the studied three plants were also determined. Substantial osmotic adjustment (up to 2.6 MPa) was observed in Z. coccineum collected from Al-Thomamah habitat. Tamarix aphylla was dependent on soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and free amino acids, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO42- to readjust their internal osmotic pressure and to improve its water status. It preferred Mg2+ concentration more than the two other plant species. Zygophyllum coccineum accumulated inorganic more than Tamarix aphylla and less free amino acids. The results suggest that, the osmotic adjustment was the main water relationship adaptation to cope with drought. Accumulation of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, free fatty and amino acids (especially proline) and inorganic elements at higher concentration often assist in turgor maintenance and helped to enhance drought tolerance.

Background: The main aim of this study was to examine the effect of chemical mutagens on enhancement of extreme acid and alkaline condition of Vicia faba nodulating rhizobial isolates from Hararghe highlands in Ethiopia. Methods: A total of 50 wild rhizobial isolates were isolated from different regions of Hararghe highlands soils by using pot experiment. All selected isolates showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher nodule dry weight (NDW) than the positive control. Above the 50 isolates only 10 highly performed isolates were subjected to chemical mutation. After the mutagenic treatment we selected only eight survived isolates, three isolates from sodium azide and five isolates form hydroxyl amine hydrochloride. The selected mutagen was subjected to study their symbiotic effectiveness. Results: The sodium azide treated muatgens showed higher performance in terms of symbiotic effectiveness compared with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride. Chemical mutagen hydroxyl amine hydrochloride showed the acidic tolerance (pH 4) only three mutant isolates such as HUFBR12M4, HUFBR39M6 and HUFBR18M8. In case of sodium azide, it did not show any mutant isolates under acidic condition. In the meantime alkaline tolerance mutant isolates (HUFBR50M1, HUFBR31M2, HUFBR12M3, HUFBR12M4, HUFBR23M5, HUFBR39M6, HUFBR50M7, and HUFBR18M8) were observed in both the mutagenic chemicals (sodium azide and hydroxyl amine hydrochloride). All the isolates showed the pH range 10.5 to 12. Conclusion: Finally, it was concluded that mutagenic chemical sodium azide is suitable for inducing chemical mutation to enhance acidic tolerance of mutant rhizobium in Faba bean and both the mutagenic chemicals (sodium azide and hydroxyl amine hydrochloride) are suitable for alkaline tolerance of mutant rhizobium in Faba bean.

The freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus was exposed to 10% sublethal concentrations of (LC50 for 96h ppm - 0.0028 ppm) monocrotophos for a period of 10, 20 and 30 days to study the effect of monocrotophos on the ultrastructure of gill. The scanning electron microscopic studies revealved many morphological changes in the gill of Oreochromis mossambicus such as fusion of secondary gill lamellae, degeneration of secondary lamellae and necrosis due to chronic exposure of pesticide monocrotophos.

The aquatic medium such as pond, lake, estuary, water reservoirs and rivers surrounding the industrial, agricultural fields and urban areas in India, pose a serious risk for survival of aquatic organisms due to water quality deterioration through industrial effluents, excessive nutrient inputs, acidification, heavy metal, fertilizer contamination and organic pollution. Chromium is known to be a very toxic pollutant introduced into natural waters from a variety of sources including industrial effluents. The aim of the present study is to assess the protein and amino acid content in brain and muscle of the fish Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to sublethal concentrations of heavy metal chromium 1/10th (high), 1/15th (medium) and 1/20th (low) of the 96 hour LC50 values for the period of 10, 20 and 30 days. The fish exposed to chromium showed a decrease the glycogen levels in kidney, brain and muscle for 10, 20 and 30 days. However, no information is on record concerning the three different sublethal concentration of heavy metal chromium on the glycogen levels of fish. The objective of the present work was to assess the effect of heavy metal chromium on glycogen levels in kidney, brain and muscle of freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus.

Searching is becoming pervasive and one of the most popular applications on mobile devices. The image search is based on the input query. Based on the query images is retrieval from database through mobile devices. Text, voice, sketches are used as query to search images on mobile devices. Search performance is the main constraint for any kind of search techniques. To improve the searching performance we need to create new technique. For that purpose, some of the searching techniques were studied below. From all that techniques, we decide to develop a new multimodal interactive image search on mobile device to visual search.

The 21st century era is witnessing society and stakeholders demand not only for economic, legal, profit motives and philanthropy activities, but way beyond all these. As such, profit seeking function of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been dominating people’s thinking for ages. Due to this concern, this conceptual paper draws attention to the CSR activities from the perspective of environmental concern. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the demand from society and stakeholders on green practices (i.e.; environmental management, green technology and EMS ISO14001 as part of the CSR emergence). This article also reviews the CSR concept, clarifies the notion of the corporate social responsibility in today’s dynamic business environment management and highlights current examples of putting the environmental management into CSR practices. This paper is an eye opener to researchers and practitioners as this paper provides new paradigm of CSR concept and a green aspect of doing business.

Conversion to IFRS offers entities a number of important potential benefits. Notwithstanding its benefits, the transition to IFRS will be challenging. It is therefore imperative to assess the impact of IFRS and immediately embark upon taking the steps to towards convergence plan and positive and pro-active approach from all the stakeholders – the regulators, the ICAI, the profession and the industry. Therefore, an attempt to throw light on key challenges embedded with conversion to IFRS is made through this research paper. The paper also describes the ways and strategies to convert challenges of conversion to IFRS into opportunities for the Indian entities.

Tourism is one of the few sectors where Kerala has clear competitive advantages given its diverse geography in a short space ranging from the Western Ghats covered with dense forests to the backwaters to the Arabian sea. Its ancient rich culture including traditional dance forms and the strong presence of alternative systems of medicine add to its allure. Unfortunately, Kerala is dominated by domestic tourism within the state although foreign tourists arrivals to the state has been growing at a faster rate than national average. The goal in the KPP 2030 is to develop Kerala as an up-market tourism destination with the state being the top destination in terms of number of tourists and revenue among all the Indian states. Sustainable tourism is the mission. This can be achieved by integrating tourism with other parts of the economy like medical and health hubs which will attract more stable tourists over a longer period of time and with higher spending capacity. There will be new elements added to leisure tourism and niche products in tourism will be developed. Infrastructure development is crucial to achieve this goal. The success of Kerala tourism will be based on the synergy between private and public sectors. The government has taken steps to encourage private investment in tourism, while adhering to the principles and practices of sustainability. Industry led sustainable tourism development relies upon the government- imposed and self- imposed regulations. Tourism in Kerala will be benchmarked against international indicators and monitored on a regular basis to achieve quality.

Migration is developing into a very significant issue to concern in Assam. Every year hundred of youth migrated to the states like Maharashtra, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat in search of occupation. Generally youths of Dhemaji, Lakhimpur and Majuli are migrated. The present paper attempted to investigate various factors which lead to migration particularly in Dhemaji District of Assam. Further this study explained how the social welfare schemes can play an important role in reducing migration in this particular district. This paper also discussed about the experiences of women of the families from which male members have migrated. The researcher has conducted this study on the villages of two blocks in Dhemaji and is based on primary data sources.

The Simple K-Means Clustering Technique as an input image articulated in different color spaces with different label fields to be fused. Our paper fusion segmentation maps are combining with clustering procedure as an input features to estimate the local histogram class labels for all initial partitions. This techniques residue simple to realized, quick, a variety range of applications such as motion segmentation and detection and has been lucratively functional on the Berkeley image database. Image segmentation is a traditional inverse problem which consists of achieving a dense region-based sketch of the image scene by decomposing it into having an important effect or spatially coherent regions giving out analogous attributes. In this paper show the prospective of this approach compared to the state-of-the-art segmentation methods recently projected in the literature. Our Proposed work is done by using MATLAB and also results are proficient compared to existing work.

Ten hot brand reactive dyes have been prepared by coupling tetrazotised 4, 4’-diaminodiphenyl sulphonamide with 2-chloro-4-nitro anilino cyanurated coupling components and their dyeing performance on silk, wool, cotton fibres has been assessed. All the dyes give well to very good light fastness on each fibre. Purity of all the dyes was checked by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The structures of all the dyes have been confirmed by Nitrogen Elemental Analysis, FTIR, 1H-NMR spectra and UV visible spectra. The percentage dye-bath exhaustion on different fibres are reasonable good and acceptable. The dyed fibres showed moderate to very good fastness to light, washing and rubbing.

The present study deals with the estimation procedure of the parameter of inverted exponential distribution based hybrid censored data. For estimation purpose, we consider both, Classical and Bayesian method of estimation. In classical set up, the maximum likelihood estimate of the parameter with its standard error and confidence interval are computed. Further, by assuming Jeffrey’s invariant and gamma priors of the unknown parameter, Bayes estimate along with its posterior standard error and highest posterior density credible interval of the parameter are obtained. Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique such as Metropolis-Hastings algorithm has been utilized to generate simulated draws from the posterior density of the parameter. A real data set representing the survival times (in days) of guinea pigs injected with different doses of tubercle bacilli has been analyzed for illustrative purpose.

The inhibition effect of the synthesized organic inhibitor namely nicotinic acid hydrazide (NAH) and its benzylidine derivative (NABH) on the corrosion of mild steel in1M hydrochloric acid has been investigated using weight loss, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarization measurements. The inhibition efficiencies obtained from all methods employed are in good agreement with each other. The obtained results show that the compounds NAH and NABH are very good inhibitors with efficiency 90% and 94% respectively at 1.0 mM additive concentration in acid solution. The inhibition efficiency increases with increase of inhibitor concentration. Changes in impedance parameters (Rt and Cdl) were indicative of adsorption of the compound on the metal surface, leading to the formation of a protective film. Tafel polarization measurements showed that the inhibitors are mixed type. Adsorption of the inhibitor on the surface of the mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid was found to obey Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The activation energy and free energy of adsorption process were calculated and discussed.

Cobalt ferrite {Cox(Fe2O3)1-x} samples were prepared by conventional ceramic method with ferrite system (x = 0.29, 0.31, 0.33 and 0.35). Structural measurements showed that all the samples of (CoFe2O4) have spinel phase structure. The other phase which has been observed belongs to (α-Fe2O3). The structural parameters such as interplanar distance (d), lattice constant (a) and grain size (D) have been evaluated. X-Ray diffraction patterns showed that the crystal growth became stronger and more oriented and grain size became larger with increasing (Co) ratio. Dielectric measurements, A.C conductivity (σa.c), dielectric constant (ε'), and dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) were measured in the frequency range (103Hz to 5MHz) at room temperature. All the samples show the normal dielectric dispersion. The dielectric constant (ε') has a decreasing nature with frequency. This behavior is explained qualitatively in terms of the supposition that the mechanism of the polarization process in ferrite is similar to that of the conduction process.

Young people’s poor access to reproductive and sexual health services and information, increasing trend in violence and sexual abuse pose a tremendous challenge for addressing their healthy development. There are tremendous changes in young people’s behaviour when compared to old generations. STIs are a major public health concern and have long term implications for individual’s health. STIs are most frequent in young people aged 15-19years old. One in 20 young women is believed to contact a curable STI each year, excluding HIV or other viral STIs — including hepatitis B, genital herpes and genital warts, which are not curable. Therefore the young people’s awareness towards role of contraceptive in preventing STI is significant area to be studied hence the present study is conducted.

This study examined the relationship between compatibility and new product adoption by the sales force. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the relationship between compatibility and product adoption by the sales person. The design of the research was cross sectional survey using the questionnaire to collect data. The target population was 250 sales managers and 550 salespersons, the sample comprised of 122 salespeople judgmentally sampled and 64 sales managers who were randomly sampled from manufacturing firms in Kenya. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The findings show that there is a high correlation between relative advantage and salesperson adoption. The results showed that there was significant relationship between compatibility and product adoption. Salespersons acceptance or rejection of new products will rely greatly on the extent to which it accommodates or rejects all or some of the past values. An innovation is compatible with the way salesperson work, and is compatible with the current situation then salesperson adopts the new product. Compatibility has a positive and direct effect on the rate of adoption of an innovation. The product characteristics significantly influence the sales adoption of products and it is important to motivate salespeople particularly during new product introductions. Thus there is need to create awareness of the new products to be introduced in the market.

The international financial institutions in India such as HSBC, Standard Charted Bank, ABN AMPRO bank, Axis bank and City Bank, are the real boons to the small scale companies and retailer branded companies. These banks top listed in establishing a very good image and earning substantial profits through timely organized, appropriate and flexible international strategies. In the present study a set of 10 dynamic variables are considered in order to assess the impact on Indian own brand retailers in 10 Telangana districts. The sample comprises of 2000 respondents especially retailers from 10 different zones of the Telangana region. The select attributes are associated with functionality of banks, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, adaptability associated with Online - services, parameters associated with customer services with NRI, CRM, and super markets and retail formats

Connivance is to chasing felons for goodness of society. Based on retributive policy, especially in reaction to crimes which are contrary to virtues of society, delinquency connivance has received remarkable attention especially in Islam. Like the holy verses in Quran in which you can explicitly find that probing into people’s privacy and their crime is prohibited. Connivance based on this policy is practical. The reason in which you can find permitting to apply delinquency connivance is nothing but hiding some crimes which are contradictory to the virtue of society. To put it in a nutshell, probing into crimes in which you can find vice and contradictions to the virtues of society is highly prohibited, only if probing into heinous crime is permitted by people in charge you can find the aforementioned in 43 act of our criminal procedure.

The term joblessness growth refers to the situation in which there is growth but no jobs. When output measures in terms of GDP and that GDP rises but the growth of employment lags way behind. We say there is joblessness growth. This situation mainly arises in developing countries. When growth is coupled with high unemployment it means that the economy experienced with structural changes. In a jobless growth economy unemployment remains stubbornly high even as the economy grows. This tends to happen when the relatively large no of people have lost their jobs and the ensuring recoveries are insufficient to absorb the unemployed and underemployed. This paper studies the joblessness or unemployed growth in Odisha with respect to service and education sector. In Odisha the contribution of the service sector and GSDP increases day by day but still unemployed people’s number also increases. There are many reasons prevails in Odisha for unemployment, among them education and poverty is a major concern. Because of poverty the youth mass does not gets proper education facilities and for that technically they are poor and less skilled. So the services sector of Odisha does not capture that as a result the joblessness arises. Government adopts various programmes and policies to overcome from the joblessness but in some extent the government failed. The basic objective of this paper is to study the present education system in Odisha and to found how it leads to joblessness in Odisha. Secondly study of service sector’s contribution on GSDP of Odisha and also the WPR (work participation rate) in service sector in Odisha and lastly compare between education and service sector in Odisha with respect to joblessness in Odisha. This study hypothesized that in Odisha education is a major reason for the joblessness, the service sector contribution increase day by day in odisha’s GSDP but contribution of service sector is less in employment pattern of Odisha, there are lacunas prevails in Odisha from the government side to reduce the joblessness in Odisha. The methodology of the study shows that data are collected from the secondary sources from the various developmental books, journals, websites, and from survey books. Then data are presented in a tabular manner and then analyzed of data done properly to show the joblessness in Odisha. This study conclude that the Joblessness in Odisha is due to the lack of education and less contribution of service sector on employment pattern. So as population increases day by day in Odisha in the same manner the joblessness also arises day by day.

In the present study an attempt has been made to study the awareness of human rights of B.Ed. student teachers. To achieve the objectives of the study, the investigator adopted normative survey method. Three hundred student teachers were taken as sample from puducherry region. The present study has employed the Human Rights Awareness Questionnaire which was developed by the investigator. The questionnaire has 40 items. Both the descriptive and differential analysis are carried out. The finding is that awareness of human rights of B.Ed. student teachers is found to be low level.

The changing climate has become worldwide concern. Climate is directly affected the crop production and its effects on poor farmer community in tribal’s. It is need to build up healthier crop to resist adverse climatic condition. It was prove that the organic practices get the crop healthier, high yield potential and sustainable production. This study helps those farmers’ lives in tribal area depend up on rainfed paddy crop and also guide farmers how to cultivate paddy with low cost inputs to withstands climate change.

Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune disease. It is an unpredictable disorder which can occur to a person of any age, it is commonly found in children and it also occurs in animals besides human beings. The two proteins are found to be involved in Alopecia Areata i.e. PDB ID 1SG1 of Neurotrophins family and PDB ID 1DOK of MCP-1 protein. Neurotrophins are the group of proteins, experimental data suggests that they may regulate cyclic activity of hair follicle and MCP-1 proteins are found to be present around the area having Alopecia Areata, as known from literature it increase the rate of hair follicle shedding by promoting more T-lymphocytes towards the point of growth of hair follicle and a comparison is being done between the two PDB ID 1SG1 of Neurotrophins family and 1DOK of protein MCP-1, along with the comparison between the various zinc analogs on basis of 99%, 95%, 90% similarity, for best docking results with both the protein’s PDB ID’s, for predicting a zinc analog which can be identified under the category of becoming a potential drug candidate in future. The best moldock scores were for zinc analog ZINC ID 22052012 for Biotin is -183.662 Kcal/mol, ZINC ID 13475552 for Capsaicin is -190.116 Kcal/mol and ZINC ID 09222049 for Epicatechin-3-gallate is -196.679 Kcal/mol. The two parameters for toxicity properties i.e. Oral rat LD50 and Mutagenicity were calculated, the Oral rat LD50 values for Biotin, Capsaicin and Epicatechin-3-gallate were 895.76, 3864.96 and 2178.79 mg/kg and the Mutagenicity values for Biotin, Capsaicin and Epicatechin-3-gallate were 0.17, 0.19 and 0.77 respectively. Thus finally the selected Zinc Analogs ZINC ID 22052012, ZINC ID 13475552, ZINC ID 09222049 is for three of the natural ligands i.e. Biotin, Capsaicin, Epicatechin-3-gallate respectively.

The aim of this study is to establish a detailed diagnosis of the state of fodder resources in four important pastoral zones of Burkina Faso and to contribute to the development of pastoral programs. Agrostological investigations including phytomasse evaluation and herbaceous layer inventory were conducted in four pastoral zones along the tree agro climatic zones of Burkina Faso. Semi structured interviews were also conducted with key pastoralist around each pastoral zone. The results of the study show a great species diversity of pastoral zones from the Sudanian to the Sahelian zone. There are on average 10 times more species diversity in the Sudanian zone than the Sahelian. The herbaceous layer vegetation remains mainly dominated by annual grasses in the Sahelian contrarily to the Sudanian where it remains perennial grasses. Inventories, however, showed low values in all pastoral grazing units but with the best ones in the Sahelian (58.8 to 81.0%) compared to the Sudanian zones (39.8 to 75.7%). In the Sahelian zone, forage production is marked by land degradation and rainfall regression leading low pastures productivity. The lack of drinking water is also a constraint in the use of these Sahelian pastures. In the pastoral zone of the Sudanian zone, the constraints are related to the management and degradation of pastures´ vegetation. Pastoral zones in this region are under heavy pressure due to the expansion of cropped land and the degradation of habitats of lowland, rich in plant diversity. Most perennial species are in decline while those indicative of degradation of savannah such as Sporobolus pyramidalis are expanding. Improvement actions are necessary under the current state of fodder production and management forms. The main actions identified from the assessment work and interviews with farmers are: (i) the establishment of feed stocks for dry season, (ii ) appropriate use of tree fodder as supplement fodder, (iii) control of violent bushfires, (iv) respect of pasture areas carrying capacity, (v) monitoring of the of pastures vegetation dynamics, (vi) the improvement of pasture with herbaceous species with great pastoral value, (v) reforestation with local and adapted tree species including browse species, (vi) the restoration of degradated grazing areas, (vii) the practice of forage cultivation, (viii) enhancing livestock keepers capacity on pastures management.

Proteases able to function in a broad range of alkaline pH, temperature, salts, solvents and detergents are the most preferred from an industrial point of view. An extracellular alkaline protease with thermos table properties was isolated from a marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas piscicida strain JCR 18 obtained from seawater, off the coast of Marina, Chennai. The enzyme was isolated and partially purified using gel chromatography and SDS-PAGE and was seen to be a monomer having a molecular weight of 30kDa. The specific activity was seen to be 172.4 U/mg at 27-fold purification and with an yield of 3%. It exhibited optimum activity at a temperature of 50°C and pH 9. It was inhibited by PMSF and DFP showing it to be a serine protease. The activity was only slightly enhanced by metal ions like Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+showing that it is cofactor-independent. Increased activity was seen with casein as substrate. This protease with its high specific activity, alkaline pH range, thermo stability and reduced cofactor requirement would be best suited for detergents, gelatinization of x-rays and dehairing applications in leather industries.

The study reveals that the adoption of concentrate feeding practice is 100% in members and 32.5% in non- members. This was most probably due to supply of concentrate cattle feed to the members of Dairy cooperatives by Sri Visakha dairy at subsidized rates. In case non-members low adoption is due to non availability of concentrate feed and due to its high cost of concentrate feed. Since paddy being main crop grown in the area of study, 100% of milk producers are adopting straw feeding practices to their animals. More adoption of urea treated straw was observed among the member milk producers due to demonstrations and trainings conducted by the dairy staff compared to non members. A large chunk of non-members (62.5%) were allowing their animals to graze less than 5 hours without dry fodder and concentrates, this shows improper maintenance of dairy animals by non-members. To study the balanced feeding practices adopted by the milk producers reveals that 91.66 percent of the members were adopting balanced feeding practices, (i e green fodder + dry roughages + concentrates). and 8.33 percent of members were adopting dry roughages + concentrate for their animals. In case of non-members 10% of farmers adopting dry roughages + concentrates for their animals and 90% of the farmers are not adopting any balanced feeding practice to their animals. The reason may be inadequate land holding to grow sufficient green fodder for their animals and apart from these reasons there is lack of good knowledge about balanced feeding practices for dairy animals among non members compared to member milk producers. The study infers that 93.33 percent of members were adopting a feeding practices compared to 52.4 percent among non members for growing female calves. Out of which 63.33 percent adopting balanced feeding in recommended quantity to 7.5 percent among non members and 20 percent adopt balanced feeding in less quantity among both members and non members, where as adopt balanced feeding occasionally is 10 percent among members and 25 percent among non members. The study infers that 100 percent of members and non-members were adopting disease treatment practices. But the mode of disease treatment varies from members to non-members. Among the members 100 percent of milk producers receive suggestions from veterinary surgeons, Whereas 40 percent of non-members adopt prescribed medicines and among non members 52.5 percent adopt local medicine for disease treatment and 7.5 percent left to natural cure. The table.7 reveals that all the members and non-members of the society were adoption Precautionary measures against contagious diseases. But the practices they are adopting were varies from members to non-members. Among the members 100 percent were adopting prescribed vaccination against contagious diseases. Apart from this 28.33 percent adopt regular testing of animals for diseases by veterinary surgeon and 21.66 percent adopt sanitary measures. But among non-members 45 percent were adopting prescribed vaccination, 35 percent adopt culling of diseased animals, 15 percent adopt sanitary measures and 5 percent adopt regular testing of animals for diseases. The study infers that 13.3 percent of members were adoption Dairy records for cross bred animals and 100 percent of non-members are not adopting any dairy records for their Dairy animals. The study Reveals that 41.66 percent of members adoption folded palm milking with fore finger surrounding the teat and 58.33 percent of members adopt index finger thumb milking method where as 15 percent of non-members adoption folded palm milking with force fingers surrounding the teat 85 percent adoption index finger thumb milking method. The study on hosing method reveals that 33.33 percent of members adoption cow house system, 58.33 percent adoption milking house system and 8.33 percent of members adoption open air system for their cattle, Where as 55 percent of non-members adopted cow house system , 27.5 percent adopted milk house system , and 17.5 percent adoption open air system for their cattle.

This study was designed to appraise the challenges of agrobiodiversity degradation in Niger Delta region of Nigeria. One research question and one hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. A total of 552 respondents comprising rural farmers, and forestry officers were involved in the study. Respondents were drawn from all Niger Delta States in Nigeria. These included, Abia, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Imo, and Rivers States. The data were obtained through a structured questionnaire and analyzed with the use of percentage and chi-square as statistical tools. The findings of the study ascertained the basic challenges of agrobiodiversity degradation in the region to include intensive resource exploitation and extensive alteration of habitats, neglect of agrobiodiversity conservation practices, blueprint approach to development whereby monoculture systems and uniform technologies are promoted, quest for the transnational corporations that market agricultural inputs and process food and fibres for commercial profits and uncontrolled over-production, inequitable access to and control over land, water, trees and genetic resources of the part of local people, market pressures, under-valuation of agricultural biodiversity, pests and disease invasion, population pressure, deforestation, flooding, poverty and oil spillage among others. It was recommended among others that the governments of Niger Delta states should develop innovative funding mechanisms to support agrobiodiversity conservation programmes in the region by collecting special taxes on agricultural resources such as timber extraction, wood trading, trade in crop and livestock products, and other activities connected with the sector.

The present study aims to analyse the physico-chemical properties of the Dal Lake Srinagar, India. Various physico-chemical and biological parameters were analysed, from January 2009 to December 2009, at eight different study sites on monthly basis by the standard methods. The maximum and minimum range of physico-chemical parameters were as: Air temperature 3.99-33.20 oC in January and July respectively, Water temperature 2.54 – 31.30 oC in January and July, Depth ranged from 1.54-2.26 m in December and August respectively, Turbidity index (Secchi-disc transparency) from 49.75 -74.38 cm in August and January, Total solids 198.25–345.38 mgL-1 in June and January, Total dissolved solids ranged from 88.38 -272.00 mgL-1 in October and January, Total suspended solids ranged from 57.25 – 148.13 mgL-1 in February and August respectively, pH were 8.32-8.84 in December and June, Conductivity was in the range of 289.75 µS L-1 in June and 427.13 µS L-1 in January, where as Dissolved oxygen was 4.69 mgL-1 in August and 7.14 mgL-1 in April, Chloride was in the range of 26.18 -39.11 mgL-1 in January and March respectively. Total alkalinity was 84.39 mg L-1 in June and 143.96 mg L-1 in January. Bicarbonate 77.09 mg L-1 in June and 143.10 mg L-1 in January, Carbonate 0.86 mg L-1 in January and 7.30 mg L-1 in June, Total hardness was 84.64 mgL-1 and 125.53 mg L-1 in June and January respectively, Calcium hardness was 84.75 mg L-1 in October and 96.13 mg L-1 in June and magnesium hardness 15.05 -21.33 mg L-1 in October and February respectively, Orthophosphate 233.75 -300.00 µg L-1 in November and February, Total phosphate was 998 -1442.75 µg L-1 in January and august, Iron was 217.38 µg L-1 in January and 341.38 µg L-1 in August, where as BOD and COD was 8.04 - 9.98 mg L-1 in April and August and 14.53- 18.73 mg L-1 in August respectively. The above mentioned results indicates that the lake is suffering from different kinds of pollutants from various sources, such as, sewage, agricultural runoff, house-boat wastes and encroachments. It is concluded, that this Lake is going towards more degradation and needs an immediate action through restoration by some new innovative techniques like Installation of more aeration units and catchment area analysis.

Depuis quelques années, la restauration rapide et collective a pris de l’ampleur au sein de la société marocaine, de plus en plus de gens actifs optent pour les fast-foods qui foisonnent les grandes agglomérations d’une part et des entreprises qui installent la restauration collective d’autre part. Ce mode d’alimentation expose probablement le consommateur à des risques d’intoxication alimentaire. Notre travail a consisté à décrire la qualité hygiénique et la prévalence des bactéries pathogènes dans des aliments issus de la restauration collective et rapide dans l’axe Rabat-Casablanca et ce à travers l’étude de 3000 échantillons analysés selon les normes en vigueur sur une période de cinq ans (soit de 2007 à 2012). Ces échantillons ont été classés en quatre (4) grandes classes : les Matières premières (poissons, viandes rouges et viandes blanches), les Pâtisseries, les Plats cuits et les Salades. Parmi les germes recherchés, en utilisant des méthodes conventionnelles de culture, quatre (4) groupes de pathogènes d'origine alimentaire ont été identifiés : les coliformes, les anaérobies sulfito-réducteurs, les staphylocoques à coagulase positive et les salmonelles. Le pourcentage global de prévalence des échantillons contaminés (n = 1072) est de 35,73% dont 10,36% sont contaminés par les coliformes totaux, 63,77% par les coliformes thermotolérants, 22,04 % par les anaérobies sulfito-réducteurs, 1,77 % par les staphylocoques et 2,05% par les salmonelles sp. Ces résultats supposent que les programmes de surveillance d’hygiène et de sécurité alimentaire devraient accorder une attention particulière sur la restauration collective et rapide pour prévenir l'apparition des toxi-infections alimentaires.

Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare breed of tumour found in adolescent males and there is a paucity of Indian studies on this subject. This is a retrospective observational study of JNA patients who presented at the V.S.S. Medical College and Hospital, Burla, Odisha between October 2009 and September 2012. Total 3953 cases of mass in head and neck region were presented at our department during that period. Out of those there were 17 cases of JNA. The incidences, age and sex distribution, symptoms and management approaches were recorded. The mean age at presentation was 16.94years. The surgical approaches used were endoscopic endonasal approach and lateral rhinotomy approach. The recurrence rate was 35.3%.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and mecA genes in Staphylococcus aureus in Cotonou and potential association between the presence of PVL gene and antibiotic resistance. Isolates of S. aureus consecutively recovered from various clinical samples in four laboratories in Cotonou were subjected to PCR of nuc gene (for identification of S. aureus), drug susceptibility testing to various antibiotics (by Kirby - Bauer method) and PCR for PVL and mecA genes. In total, 115 non-duplicate isolates of S. aureus were studied. The prevalence of PVL gene was 14.8% while that of mecA gene was 24.3%. The prevalence of PVL genes was higher in wound swabs than in other specimens. There was no statistical significant difference between the presence of PVL and mecA genes in S. aureus isolates (p = 0.70). Also, the association between PVL genes and phenotypic resistance to main groups of antibiotics was not statistically significant. In conclusion, in Cotonou, prevalence of PVL gene in S. aureus isolates was 14.8% while that of mecA gene was 24.3%. The presence of PVL gene was not significantly associated with antibiotic resistance.

Response Quality of Work Life (QWL) is viewed as a choice to the control approach of managing people. The QWL approach considers people as an 'asset' to the organization rather than as 'costs'. It believes that people perform better when they are allowed to participate in managing their work and make decisions. To satisfy the new generation workforce, organizations need to concentrate on job designs and organization of work. Further, today's workforce is realizing the significance of relationships and is trying to strike a balance between career and personal lives. Successful organizations support and provide facilities to their people to help them to balance the scales. In this process, organizations are coming up with new and innovative ideas to improve the quality of work and quality of work life of every individual in the organization. Various programs like flex time, alternative work schedules, compressed work weeks, telecommuting etc., are being adopted by these organizations. Technological advances further help organizations to implement these programs successfully. Organizations are enjoying the fruits of implementing QWL programs in the form of increased productivity, and an efficient, Satisfied, and committed workforce which aims to achieve organizational objectives. Quality of Working Life is a term that had been used to describe the broader job-related experience an individual has. Whilst there has, for many years, been much research into job Satisfaction and more recently, an interest has arisen into the broader concepts of stress and subjective well-being, the precise nature of the relationship between these concepts has still been little explored. Stress at work is often considered in isolation, wherein it is assessed on the basis that attention to an individual’s stress management skills or the sources of stress will prove to provide a good enough basis for effective intervention.

This paper (1) reviews evidence for the location of the slow component of VO2 kinetics either within the exercising limbs or alternatively at some site in the rest of the body, e.g., ventilatory, cardiac or accessory muscles (2) presents evidence in support of both the fast and slow components (i.e., < 3 min. and > 3 min. from exercise onset, respectively) of the exercise VO2 response residing predominantly in the exercising muscle. For a pulmonary VO2 slow component in excess of 600 ml O2 min-1, more than 80% could be attributed to an augmented VO2 across the exercising limbs. (3) Assesses the potential for the lactate ion per se to exert a metabolic stimulatory effect in exercising muscle in the absence of the potentially confounding influences of changes in muscle temperature, H+, blood flow or O2 delivery within the surgically isolated, electrically stimulated canine gastrocnemius, square wave infusions that increased arterial blood [lactate] by ~10mM and intramuscular [lactate] to in excess of 9 mM did not increase muscle VO2. In summary, these investigations demonstrate that the exercising muscle is the predominant site of the VO2 slow component. However, despite the close temporal association between changes in blood lactate and VO2, during intense exercise, lactate itself does not mandate an additional VO2 demand in exercising dog muscle.

Chordoma is a rare, low grade, primary malignant bone tumour arising from primitive notochord remnants. It accounts for 1-4% of all primary skeletal tumours. Sacrum represents the more common anatomical site of origin followed by skull base region, cervical vertebrae and thoracolumbar vertebrae. Ours is a case series of three patients diagnosed to be suffering from different types of chordoma’s, that is conventional, chondroid and de-differentiated based on histopathology, immuno-histochemistry and radiological findings.

Recently, the role of plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) on plant growth promotion and maintenance of plant homeostasis under abiotic stress is gaining importance. In present study, plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains Pseudomonas fluorescence strain P2 and P16, Pseudomonas jessenii R62, Pseudomonas synxantha R81, Bacillus cereus 5507(1B), Bacillus cereus BSB 38 (14B) were tested for their role in enhancing plant growth and induction of stress related enzymes in swarna and swarna sub1 varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Two PGPRs, Pseudomonas jessenii, R62, Pseudomonas synxantha, R81 were used as consortia. Most of the PGPR inoculated plants showed enhanced growth parameter as compared to uninoculated plants under drought stress. Quantitative analyses of stress related enzymes indicated that most of the plants inoculated with PGPRs showed higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) as compared to uninoculated plants. Among all the treatments, consortia of Pseudomonas jessenii R62 and Pseudomonas synxantha R81 treated plants showed better improvements in most of the growth parameter as well as stress related enzymatic activities. The greater induction of stress related enzymes in plants may be the mechanism through which these PGPRs help plants to tolerate the consequences of drought stress and maintenance of plant homeostasis under severe drought.

Cadmium selenide (cdse) thin films on glass substrates were prepared by electron beam evaporation technique at various substrate temperatures and annealed at room temperature (RT), 100, 200 and 300 o C respectively.XRD spectra indicates that films are polycrystalline with the hexagonal structure. When the heat treatment temperature is increased to 100° C, the films became highly oriented along (002) plane. The microstructure parameters like particle size, stress, strain, and dislocation density were calculated. The grain size is within the range of 24 to 44 nm.

The use of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimator for estimation of parameters of linear regression model in the presence of multicollinearity has been reported to produce imprecise estimates associated with large standard errors. This paper presents some combined estimators based on Feasible Generalized Linear Estimator (CORC and ML) and Principal Components (PCs) Estimator as alternative to multicollinearity estimation methods. A linear regression model with three uniformly distributed explanatory variables exhibiting high degree of multicollinearity ( ) was considered through Monte Carlo studies. The experiments were conducted to assess and compare the performances of the various proposed combined estimators with their separate ones and the Ridge estimator using the Mean Square Error (MSE) criterion by ranking their performances at each parameter level and summing the ranks over the number of parameters. Results reveal that the proposed estimators of CORCPC1, MLPC1 and MLPC12 are generally better than the OLS estimator while CORCPC12 does the same at increased sample size. Furthermore, the combined estimator CORCPC1, recommended for usage, performs better than the Ridge estimator and it is either the best or does not perform too differently from the PC1 or PC12 estimator.

In the present study, sero-prevalence of anaplasma sp. in sheep, Ovisaries (L) was done from January-May, 2012 in Peshawar, Pakistan. The information concerning anaplasmosis in sheep is scare. For this purpose, 376 serum samples were obtained randomly from4 different breeds of sheep, from different areas of Peshawar, and an indirect ELISA using recombinant MSP-5 as antigen of Anaplasmamarginale (T), was performed. Totally, 92/376 (24.47%) of the overall sheep sera were positive for antibodies against A. marginale. In 4 breeds of sheep, (i.e. Balkhai, Watanai, Punjabai and Turkai) Turkai were found highly infected i.e. 27/376 (7.20%). This is the first record of A. marginal infection in Sheep in Peshawar, Pakistan, which is very high. This research should be useful in epidemiological applications.

Fungi play an important role in the degradation of dead leaves and other plant detritus in aquatic environments. Aquatic fungi secrete enzymes that degrade polysaccharides and other polymers. Fungi are also efficient in the biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds like xenobiotics, lignin and dye stuffs by their extra cellular ligninolytic enzyme system. Hence, the present study was aimed at using aquatic fungi in the bioremediation of waste water. The selected species were Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus arrhizus, Penicillium citrinum and Fusarium oxysporum which were isolated from the River Cauvery collected from Upper Anicut (Mukkombu). Results indicate that all the four fungal species helped in decreasing the levels of BOD, COD and nutrients like PO4 and nitrate. However, each species responded differently. Nevertheless, among the four fungal species studied, Aspergillus niger showed the most promising results and it appears to be the best candidate for bioremediation.

The efficacy of two botanicals viz., neem oil and castor oil, one fungicide I.e., carbendazim and three bioagents were tested in vitro and in vivo against Alternaria carthami inciting leaf spot safflower leaf spot/blight. In vitro efficacy of botanicals and fungicide was evaluated by poison food technique against Alternaria carthami. In vitro efficacy of bioagents was evaluated by dual culture technique against Alternaria carthami. In in vitro evaluation of fungicide and botanicals carbendazim found to be most effective and showed maximum inhibition of mycelial growth (43.33%) followed by neem oil (30.53%). Among the bioagents maximum inhibition of radial growth of the test pathogen was noticed in P. fluorescens (87.36 per cent) which was found on par with T. virde (86.22 per cent). Mycelial growth of test pathogen was inhibited to an extent of 81.08 per cent in in T. harzianum. In invivo evaluation, combined seed treatment with of P. fluorescens (10 g kg-1 seed) + carbendazim (2 g kg-1 seed)+ neem oil (10 ml kg-1 seed) was effective in controlling Alternaria leaf spot/blight.

Ramipril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and Metoprolol a β-adrenergic blocker used as antihypertensive. In this study we aimed to titrate the concurrent use of two most conventionally used antihypertensives. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of regular intake of Ramipril and Metoprolol by patients with mild to moderate grade of hypertension, to adjust the dose and to educate the patients by providing patient counseling. In this multidose open label randomized block study, was conducted between March 2010 and November 2010 at CARE super specialty hospital, Hyderabad. A total of 60 patients were enrolled and were asked to have total of four visits including first screening visit, with 6 weeks interval between each visit. Study treatments included; Dose A (2.5mg Ramipril+25mg Metoprolol), Dose B (5mg Ramipril+50mg Metoprolol) and Dose C (10mg Ramipril+50mg Metoprolol) and patient counseling emphasizing on the role of diet, life style modification and regular exercise for management of hypertension. Blood pressure (B.P) was measured on every visit including the day of enrolment and the results were analyses from the data obtained. The study concluded that gradual up-gradation of the combination dose was useful in controlling hypertension. Along with it, patient counseling was found to be beneficial for the patients.

Fungi play an important role in the degradation of dead leaves and other plant detritus in aquatic environments. Aquatic fungi secrete enzymes that degrade polysaccharides and other polymers. Fungi are also efficient in the biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds like xenobiotics, lignin and dye stuffs by their extra cellular ligninolytic enzyme system. Hence, the present study was aimed at using aquatic fungi in the bioremediation of waste water. The selected species were Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus arrhizus, Penicillium citrinum and Fusarium oxysporum which were isolated from the River Cauvery collected from Upper Anicut (Mukkombu). Results indicate that all the four fungal species helped in decreasing the levels of BOD, COD and nutrients like PO4 and nitrate. However, each species responded differently. Nevertheless, among the four fungal species studied, Aspergillus niger showed the most promising results and it appears to be the best candidate for bioremediation.

Response surface methodology involving Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to evaluate the effect of additives and growth stimulators with salt on natural lactic acid fermentation of carrot at room temperature. The variables investigated in this study were salt (2% - 3%), Lactose, MgSO4 + MnSO4 and Mustard (1%,1.5% and 2%) ; and various responses involved were per cent titrable acidity (Lactic Acid), pH, per cent salt and Lactic Acid Bacterial count (LAB count). The statistical analysis of the results showed that, only the treatments having powdered mustard had an appreciable effect on lactic acid fermentation. The best results were obtained in the treatment with 2.5 % salt, 1.5 % lactose, 1.5 % MgSO4 + MnSO4 and 2.0 % mustard. These optimized concentrations increased titrable acidity (1.69% as compared to the lowest value of acidity obtained i.e. 1.50%), lowered pH (2.47 as compared to the highest value of pH obtained i.e.3.30) and increased LAB count (9 X 108 cfu/ml as compared to the lowest value of count obtained i.e.6.13 X 108). The second-order polynomial regression model determined that the desirable characteristics would be obtained at these concentrations of additives. Hence, the values for different additives and growth stimulators optimized in this study could successfully be employed for the lactic acid fermentation of carrot.

Objective of the paper is to report genetic diversity study using digital dermatoglyphics traits as genetic markers among Cheha Gurage of Ethiopia and compare the results with available data from world population studies. Digital fingerprints of 322 healthy unrelated subjects (168 Male and 154 Female) with age of 30 and above were included in the present cross-sectional study. Data drawn from 10 villages of the district was pooled into 5 cluster groups, each cluster containing 2 villages. Percent frequency distribution of digital pattern types in each hand and both hands total, bimanual differences for digital pattern type frequencies and pattern intensity index were studied. Inter-group pattern frequency differences for Gender, Religion, Clan groups, Altitude and ABO/Rh blood groups were compared. Data was processed using Microsoft excel (2007) program to sort out the data into groups and apply statistical tests. Percent pattern type frequencies, pattern intensity index and Chi-square test of independence were used to compare Inter-group differences. The results revealed that among Cheha Gurage of Ethiopia there exists significant differences in digital pattern type frequencies for Inter-clan groups comparison (2 = 18.8688, d.f = 4, p  0.001), ABO blood groups comparison (2 = 25, d.f = 12, p  0.05) and bimanual differences comparison in female gender (2 = 15.6498, d.f = 4, p  0.01).

The lesser adjutant stork (Leptoptilos javanicus) ranges throughout the South East Asian region. It has been evaluated by IUCN as of “globally vulnerable species”. This species has been reported in a few states of India including a few districts of West Bengal. This paper deals with reporting a new site record of the species from Bankura District, West Bengal, India. The study was conducted during August 2012 to November 2013. In the study, birds were found to arrive at the site during last week of June every year and stay there for eight months and leave for some other location during last week of February. The total number of lesser adjutant population was found to be 33 birds in the year 2012 and 42 birds in 2013. Adults were found to feed on snails, fishes, frogs, crabs, locusts, rats, carrion and snakes. The paper concludes that the population of lesser adjutant storks in the site are not protected in any way and, therefore, special conservation efforts are needed by raising public awareness among local people.

Fatal and non-fatal Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD) are increased 2-4 fold in patients with diabetes and autopsy as compared to non-diabetic patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Immediate and long-term post- Myocardial Infarction (MI) mortality is increased 1.5-2 fold among diabetic patients. Despite a comparably small infarct size, diabetic patients have a far greater risk of developing highly fatal post-MI complications when compared to non diabetic patients. Following MI, the surviving myocardium of non-diabetic patients becomes hyperkinetic to compensate for non-viable infarcted myocardium in an attempt to maintain cardiac output. However, in diabetic patients, these areas of myocardium cannot achieve this compensatory enhancement in function due to a complex set of intra- and extra-myocardial factors superimposed on an already reduced coronary artery flow reserve. Endomyocardial samples from diabetic patients show enhanced thickening of capillary basement membrane, myocellular atrophy and hypertrophy with myocardial and, interstitial fibrosis, which further reduces the function of the myocardium. In this review the author have looked into various cardiovascular complications in diabetic condition and the pathophysiological mechanisms lying behind each.