October 2023

The study's objective is to analyze the impact of knowledge management on employee motivation in E-Commerce enterprises in Hanoi City. Through the survey and study of relevant documents, research has proposed a model of 4 factors of knowledge management model: Knowledge transfer, Knowledge application, Knowledge protection, and Knowledge sharing. The survey questionnaire was e-mailed to 489 employees of e-commerce businesses in Hanoi. From the structural equation model (SEM) analysis results, all hypotheses have been accepted, including Knowledge transfer, Knowledge application, Knowledge protection, and Knowledge sharing, which positively impact employee motivation in E-Commerce Enterprises in Hanoi City. The discussion, conclusion, limitations, and suggestions for future research are also discussed in this study

Trauma of developing teeth may lead to pulpal necrosis with subsequent arrestment of root development, making them more susceptible to fracture. Regenerative endodontic procedures induce maturogenesis in necrotic immature permanent teeth in order to promote continuation of root growth This case report describes the Revascularization of a Permanent Immature Maxillary left central incisor with Pulp Necrosis and asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Access opening was done & the canal was disinfected with copious irrigation using 5.25% NaOCl and triple antibiotic paste (Ciprofloxacin, Metronidazole, and Minocycline) as intracanal medicament. After the disinfection protocol is complete, it is followed by revascularization procedure. The apex was mechanically irritated to initiate bleeding into the canal to produce a blood clot to the level just below the level of cementoenamel junction. Mineral trioxide aggregate was placed over the blood clot followed by bonded resin restoration above it. The patient was recalled at follow-ups after seven days, three, six and nine months. No symptoms such as pain, inflammation, discomfort was observed during the review period and there was radiographic evidence of continuing thickness of dentinal walls.

Purpose: Grasp the demands of customers and look for more company prospects, develop the ideal marketing strategy, reduce losses, and monitor the competition. Consumers can access a wide range of goods and services from across the world because of retailers, and the retail industry strengthens the national economy and adds jobs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the issues and tactics faced by Indian retail stores, as suggested by the study's title. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: This paper is an analysis of secondary data obtained from a variety of sources related to retail stores and marketing strategies, including research papers, journal articles, and journal papers found by searching relevant key words in Google Scholar, relevant websites,and information from reports on problems and strategies of retail stores. Findings: Retailers may make informed decisions about developing products, pricing, promotion, and distribution techniques by having an in-depth understanding of their target market, their rivals, and the most current market conditions. Retail analytics can be used to track inventory levels, analyse customer buying patterns, and assess the success of advertising strategies. The study of data analysis, data gathering, and data reporting in relation to retail operations is known as retail analytics. Originality/Value: A research-based case study on analysis of the Problems and strategy of retail store in India. Paper Type: Research Case Study

This essay is a journey Fish, shrimp and crab powders are in certain are as used as a substitute for meat, fish and seafood by populations. The objective of this study was to determine the biochemical composition of these powders in order to check if they cancover the protein and mineral needs of consumers populations. For this, fish, shrimp and crab powdersal ready produced by the women sellers of the Adjamémarkets were taken rand omly, and other powders were made in the laboratory. The composition of macronutrients and minerals was determined by standard methods. The results showed that, with the exception of shrimp powder, fish and shrimp powders collected from the Adjamé markets had humidity percentages lower than 10%. These powders had high protein contents (from 37.59% ± 1.64 to 61.45% ± 1.9) and ash (from 10.47% ± 0.14 to 26.93% ± 0.53). ) and low lipids contents (from 4.33% ± 0.19 to 4.77% ± 0.36) and low carbohydrates (from 4.43% ± 2.89 to 9.45 % ± 1.315). Likewise, they had variable contents of all the minerals studied, with high values of phosphorus (from 9.22 ± 0.41 mg/100g to 13.44 ± 0.8 mg/100g), potassium (from 5.45 ± 1.1 mg/100g to 6.84 ± 0.6 mg/100g) and calcium (from 6.79 ± 1.3 mg/100g to 17.29 ± 0.43 mg/100g).Also, all the powders made in the laboratory had humidity percentages less than 10%, high protein and ash contents, and low carbohydrate and lipid contents. However, the powders produced in the markets had higher carbohydrate contents and lower proteins contents, which suggests that the women sellers added carbohydrates or unknown ingredients to the different powders for economic purposes.

Introduction: The dental profession nowadays is a highly demanding and stressful environment. Dental professionals encounter a great deal of stress in the form of academics and at work in clinics. Headaches are a major and common neurological problem and are the main reason for decreased work performance, absenteeism, and behavioral disturbances in dental professionals. Aim: In the current incidence of increasing stressful conditions in dental professionals, the present study was carried out with the aim of assessing the prevalence and characteristics of sensory stimulation-induced headaches in dental professionals in Pune, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among undergraduate and postgraduate dental students, as well as dental practitioners in Pune. Participants were requested to complete the questionnaire using an online Google Form platform and provide their ratings and responses based on personal experiences. Consequently, the collected data were subjected to comprehensive statistical analysis using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 22, and descriptive statistics were employed to compare and analyze the obtained results. Results: The headache was found to be prevalent in 88% of subjects included in the study. Over 40.8% of subjects experience throbbing pain. 66.4% of subjects experience fatigue, and 50% of them show mood changes like premonitory symptoms. The most triggering factor of the headache is odor, i.e., 81.6%. 67.6% experience difficulty in concentrating, and 31.2% experience nausea. About 40.4% of subjects are exposed to dental chair light for 2-4 hours of work. Over 16.4% of subjects have missed work in past years due to headaches. 76.4% of subjects alleviate headaches through sleeping. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present study that the characteristics of sensory stimulation are a significant reason for headaches among dental professionals.

Proso millet belongs to the Family Poaceae, Subfamily Panicoideae, Genus Panicum and Species Panicum miliaceum L. Its most popular common name ‘proso millet’ comes from the pan-Slavic general and generic name for millet (Croatian: proso, Serbian: просо). The vernacular names Chena, Barri (Hindi), Vari (Marathi), Baragu (Kannada), Variga (Telugu), Pani Varagu (Tamil), Cheena (Bengali), Cheno (Gujrati), Bacharibagmu, china bachari bagmu (Oriya), Cheena (Punjabi). Proso millet has a chromosome number of 2n = 36 with basic chromosome number of x = 9. It is suggested that proso millet may have allotetraploid origins with Panicum capillare (or a close relative) as a maternal ancestor and the other genome coming from Panicum repens based on its nuclear and chloroplast genomes. Proso millet is still widely considered as a self-pollinated crop despite the possibility of natural cross-pollination. Proso millet is not easily amenable to crossing and hybridisation due to smaller size of inflorescence and high rate of self pollination. Proso millet seeds exhibit a variety of colours, from white, cream, yellow, orange, red, black, to brown and are generally smaller than pearl millet seeds. Proso millet is a C4 crop with short-duration grown for food and forage purposes and can efficiently fix carbon under drought conditions, high temperatures, and limited nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Proso millet is an annual cereal crop domesticated approximately 10,000 years ago in the semiarid regions of China. It is primarily grown in India, Nigeria, Niger, and China. Proso millet is used in Europe and North America as fodder and birdseed despite its highly nutritive and health-promoting benefits. Due to the crop's remarkably high water-use efficiency and short growing season (60–100 days), it can escape drought. These attributes also make it suitable for crop rotation. Proso millet grows well on marginal lands with low input and water. Proso millet has been used as a rotational crop in the winter wheat-fallow cropping system in the western Great Plains of the USA owing to its high water-use efficiency. This practice not only prevents the loss of organic matter from the no-till soil but also reduces weed and disease pressure. Regardless of the impeccable environmental and health benefits of proso millet, it remains as an under researched and underutilized crop. There are more than 29,000 germplasm collections of proso millet conserved worldwide. China, India, Russia, and Ukraine have the key collections. The development of proso millet cultivars which are high yielding, lodging and seed-shattering tolerant, direct combine-ready and nutrient enriched, would promote its increased cultivation, and use in the food industry. In India, there are currently 24 varieties of proso millet. Varieties released in India through hybridization are 25% of all proso millet varieties. Majority of the varieties have been developed through selection from landraces. India is the largest producer of millets in the world, producing 11.64 million tonnes. In India, important states cultivating the crop are Madhya Pradesh, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. Proso millet is ready for harvest after 65-75 days of sowing in most of the varieties. Harvest the crop when it is about to mature. The seeds in the tip of upper heads ripe and shatter before the lower seeds and later panicles get matured. 10-15 q grain and 30-40 q of fresh straw per ha under rainfed condition can be obtained. In this review article on Origin, Domestication, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Breeding, Uses, Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Proso Millet are discussed.

Migraine is a common type of headache. Its symptoms can lasts for days and disrupt ability to perform basic, daily tasks and in turn affects the physical, emotional and social aspects of life. It is a recurrent, severe headache that interferes with normal functioning and quality of life . This prospective observational study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and safety flunarizine(10mg), calcium channel antagonist, and propranolol(40mg) in the prophylaxis of migraine with or without aura. This Study included 70 patients of migraine and was divided into 2 treatment groups.

For too long parents were not involved in the collaborative experience, therefore their concerns were not voiced. Today, then, it is not surprising that collaboration between teachers and parents has become even more important because of the relevance in achieving new school reform requirements that promote equitable practices for every student. The aim of this study, carried out during a research residency in the United States, was to evaluate teachers and students’ perceptions of parental involvement in school activities. Survey questionnaires were administered to both teachers and students in a high school setting. Finding revealed that while most teachers agree that parental involvement improve school achievement, only one third of students agree that their grades improve when they get help from home. Furthermore, while teachers would like to see greater parental involvement, only a small minority of students would like their parents to visit the school. This illustrates a difference in perception between these two groups. The results’ discussion illustrates that parental involvement at all grade levels can contribute to the academic and behavioral performance of students. When parents work collaboratively with schools, they assist in ensuring that effective practices are employed. Doing that helps solve problems and improving education.

This essay is a journey into the nature of heat and expansion how, and why, and by what these come about. Unless similar essays have been read all of this will be new, as in previously unheard of. It therefore should be interesting as well as educational.

In this work, a pyrene derivative P was synthesized and characterized as an Al3+-selective fluorescent probe. The addition of Al3+ to the solution of P in ethanol caused an obvious fluorescent enhancement at 399 nm.

Background: Notions of composition are present in decorative design in order to create a correct ornamentation in terms of compositional principles, but they also represent the parameters that a designer must follow to create the design of the decoration. Aim of the study: The aim of the study highlight the importance knowledge of both technical and aesthetic principles in creating a correct and complex design with elements of novelty. Methods: Collecting and researching notions, ways and possibilities by which a design product can be created while respecting decorative compositional principles, but also taking into account technical ones. Results: The technique of making fabrics is determined by the capacity and limitations of the available machinery. Thus, the aesthetic and technical sides of a project work together to find the optimal solution for designing and implementing the decoration. The rigour of technical design involving calculations based on how to combine ornamental ratios, their dimensions and scaling, and the need to conceive a new or reinterpreted decorative design, make the designer more motivated to find the optimal solution, at the basis of which lies his creativity. The dimensions and ergonomics of the object to be decorated are important to take into account when scaling the decorative design, but also the way of assigning shades to the elements of the composition are imperative to establish before starting the actual weaving. Disussion and Conclusion: According to this research, sometimes overlooking the technical limitations of the machines, the designer's ability to mould himself to the concrete things and his ability to think the design correctly from the point of view of the final compositional aspect stands out.

Ivorian national fish production remains low for an ever-growing population. In order to contribute to the improvement of fish production, this study aims to determine the effect of the type of farming circuits on the growth performance and survival of catfish fry. To do that, two batches (Closed circuit and Open circuit) of 30 subjects each were made up with 150 L tanks and monitored for 5 weeks. Each batch was tested in duplicate and the subjects were fed with Koudijs commercial food titrated to 47% protein at a rate of 10 g/d per tank. Weekly samplings were carried out by taking 15 individuals per tank for weighing and individual measurements. The results showed that weight growth, ADG, survival and biomass were improved (26.46 g ± 9.08 g; 1.74 ± 0.65 g/d; 95.00 ± 2.36% 537.25 ± 101.51 g) in fry reared in a closed circuit. Conversely, fry conducted in an open circuit obtained relatively low values with an average weight of 15.08 g ± 6.74 g, an ADG of 0.50 ± 0.15 g/d, a survival rate of 90.00 ± 4.71% and a biomass of 309.28 ± 81.67 g. All in all, closed circuit farming should be favored.

Magnesium oxysulfate cement is a type of Sorel’s cement and it does not require any type of energy whether heat or light, making it an eco-friendly binding substance. Non- hydraulic Magnesium oxysulfate cement has many superior properties to that of ordinary Portland cement. Magnesium oxysulfate cement draws much research interest due to energy saving and environmental protection consideration. In spite of a variety of advantages, its commercial use is limited due to its low early strength and poor water resistance. In this study, the effect of soapstone powder on setting times, weathering effect, compressive strength, moisture ingress, and linear changes has been comprehensively investigated. The results show that strength and water resistance increases while setting time decreases by adding soapstone powder in different percentages.

Sustainable development has become a buzzword today. In a broader way, all the countries are under one roof and all the people are living in one family. Each country is facing different kinds of problems. In order to eradicate the problems faced by the countries, the United Nations (UN) decided to combat these issues by joining hands together for mutual help and cooperation. It thus, gave a call to all its member nations to overcome seventeen threats or challenges faced by the countries across the globe. These goals were adopted by 193 countries in 2015. A total of 17 Sustainable Development Goals were mentioned in the Agenda. It is popularly known as the SDGs of the 2030 Agenda. Its major motto was to achieve victory over the 17 problems faced by the countries also ensuring that no country is left behind in achieving these goals. By 2030, these goals are expected to be achieved, requiring great compassion and good decision-making.. The paper is based on secondary data. The study has been conducted to understand the extent to which global goals are achieved and the drawbacks behind not achieving the targets. It is observed that some of the goals are achieved in some member countries and not in others. The reasons found are the occurrence of the Covid pandemic and also a failure of the Government to frame necessary policies for proper implementation of the goals.

Vegetation cover condition is a dynamic natural event associated with the characteristics of seasonal rainfall. Based on its occurrence, the greenings can indicate the level of wetness and dryness as the soil moisture is highly related to its intensity. The impact of climate variability in North Sudan is likely to be greatest since the 1984 severe drought that left its continuous stresses. Most parts of North Sudan are experiencing dramatic changes in land cover at different scales spatially and temporally. Historical field survey methods for assessing and monitoring land cover conditions are no longer used since the emergence of spatial and digital techniques such as remote sensing and GIS. Remote sensing (RS) has a massive utility for applications, including assessing and monitoring land surface cover conditions. This paper aims to apply one of the potentially widely used spectral indices (NDVI) calculated by using NIR and Red bands. Landsat-8 data will be accessible from USGS Explorer free image download, which will constitute the primary inputs. The area of interest is a part of North Kordofan State in the Western Sudan zone (175/50-175/51-176/50-176/51) to a spatial extent. The expected results will be a set of NDVI maps that shows the NDVI values variability between (-1 and +1) concerning land surface greening conditions and reclassified maps (five classes) depending on values lower and upper limits.

Sorghum belongs to the Family Poaceae, Subfamily Panicoideae, Supertribe Andropogonodae, Tribe Andropogoneae, Subtribe Saccharinae, Genus Sorghum and Species Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Taxonomically it was first described by Linnaeus in 1753 under the name Holcus. Originally he delineated several species of Holcus, some of which have been later moved to the tribe Avenae, where the generic name Holcus now belongs. In 1794, Moench distinguished the genus Sorghum from genus Holcus. It is a grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used for food for humans, animal feed, and ethanol production. Sorghum is native to Ethiopia. Seventeen of the 25 species are native to Australia, with the range of some extending to Africa, Asia, Mesoamerica, and certain islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. All the cultivated sorghum taxa of the world have been classified by inflorescence type, grain and glumes into five races (Durra, Bicolor, Caudatum, Kaffir and Guinea) and intermediates involving all of the pair-wise combinations of the basic races. Sorghum is considered as an often cross-pollinated species, with out-crossing up to 6 % depending on the genotype and growing conditions. There are four main types of sorghum viz., Grain sorghum, Forage sorghum, Sweet sorghum and Biomass sorghum. Fruit is a caryopsis (grain) partially covered by glumes, round and bluntly pointed consists of embryo; endosperm and seed coat consists of pericarp and testa. Coleoptiles and roots emerge from the germinating seeds. Sorghum grain is used for human food and as feed for animals; the plant stem and foliage are used for green chop, hay, silage, and pasture. In some areas the stem is used as building material, and plant remains (after the head is harvested) may be used for fuel. It is a C4 plant with higher photosynthetic efficiency and higher abiotic stress tolerance adapted to a range of environments around the world. Its small genome makes sorghum an attractive model for studying the functional genomics of C4 grasses. Drought tolerance makes sorghum especially important in dry regions such as northeast Africa (its center of diversity), India, and the southern plains of the United States. Genetic variation for micronutrient concentration and its ability to absorb, translocate, and accumulate higher micronutrients in grain makes it an important model for biofortification research. Its high level of inbreeding makes it an attractive association genetics system. Sorghum is one of the cheapest sources of energy and micronutrients, and a vast majority of the population in sub-Saharan Africa and India depend on it for their dietary energy and micronutrient requirement. Sorghum provides more than 50 % of the dietary micronutrients, particularly Fe and Zn, to the low-income group, particularly in rural India where both physical and economic access to nutrient-rich foods is limited. Thus, sorghum is a unique crop with multiple uses as food, feed, fodder, fuel, and fiber. The crop improvement methods depend on the pollination control mechanisms and cultivar options. As mentioned earlier, sorghum is a breeder-friendly crop. One can employ the breeding methods that can be used to improve both self- and cross-pollinated crops with ease in sorghum. This is the reason why one can find sorghum pure line varieties, hybrids, and populations as cultivar options in different parts of the world. Nearly all grain sorghum is harvested as a standing crop with a combine. Combining time will depend on the fall weather and the availability of grain drying facilities. Sorghum grain can be threshed free of the head when the seed moisture is 20-25 percent. The seed is hysiologically mature at even higher moisture levels. The grain sorghum crop can be harvested for high-moisture grain silage. When fed to livestock, its digestibility will be increased by grinding or rolling. High moisture grain sorghum can be combined and ensiled when the grain is about 25-30% moisture. In the early stages of plant growth, some sorghum species may contain levels of hydrogen cyanide, hordenine, and nitrates lethal to grazing animals. Plants stressed by drought or heat can also contain toxic levels of cyanide and nitrates at later stages in growth. In this review article on Origin, Domestication, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Breeding, Uses, Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Sorghum are discussed.

Browntop millet belongs to the Family Poaceae, Subfamily Panicoideae, Genus Urochloa and Species Urochloa ramose L. Stopf; Panicum ramosum L. In several parts of India, brown top millet is known by local names which translate to “illegal wife of little millet [Panicum sumatrense],” reflecting its tendency to grow within fields of little millet as a mimic weed. It is also known as signal grass or Dixie signal grass and is considered as one of the rare millet. It is named differently in Indian languages as bennakki, benne akki, korale, karlakki, and kadu-baragu, branched or chaduru korale , round panicle/dundu korale in Kannada; anda korra, eduru gaddi , pala pul, Kuthiravali in Tamil; chama pothaval, varagu in Malayalam; and makra, murat in Hindi; and pedda-sama, andakorra in Telugu. Browntop millet (BTM) is small-seeded annual grass cultivated as grain crop, primarily on the marginal lands in dry areas in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions. It is increasingly receiving attention of the scientific community. Amongst different small millets, browntop millet has drawn the attention of health conscious customers very lately and it’s of high priced coarse cereals in the retail market. In India during the Neolithic age, brown-top millet was grown as a subsistence crop and used as a grain and forage. Historical evidence (archaeo-botanical researches from the Neolithic south Indian sites) indicates that the early occurrence or first domestication of BTM was during the pre-historical period. It grew on the Deccan of southern parts of India from where it traveled to other parts of the country. This millet was present in the staple-crop fields as a weed alongside other crops in southern India from beginning of the third millennium BCE. During the second millennium BCE it reached to Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. Browntop millet is a warm season annual grass that is a heavy seed producer. This millet seed is grown in a variety of soils and climates. Browntop millet is used as a wild life food plot crop, livestock summer grazing crop, for erosion control, hay production and as a food grain crop. Under ideal conditions seed will germinate within five days and forage or seed will be ready to harvest within two months time. Browntop millet is an effective nurse crop, much like oats, in stabilizing erosive hill slopes and providing cover for slower growing target species to become established. With the ability to easily reseed and that seed to remain viable in the soil profile for years, makes browntop millet an excellent regenerating food plot for wild life. It was reported that the grain yield of browntop millet without any fertilizer was only 3.95 q/ha. However, by using the combination of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer the grain yield of BTM increased to 7.38 q/ha. The cultivation of browntop is simple but processing is difficult due to the hard outer cover of the seed. As a result, farmers get only 40-50kg of rice from one quintal of browntop/korale seeds. Earlier grinding stones were used to separate the grain from the seed. Today, grinding stones have almost disappeared and korale seeds are processed in the flour mills that process finger millet. The size of korale rice is also very small and separation of stones is difficult. Hence, processing has become a bottleneck for farmers, and efforts are on to design improved processing machines. In this review article on Origin, Domestication, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Breeding, Uses, Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Browntop Millet are discussed.

This paper is an attempt to analyze the condition of slum dwellers in Lucknow city based on five indicators. Rapid urbanization, accompanied by sustained population growth due to large-scale migration from rural to urban centers, leads to mushrooming slum settlements in all cities and towns in India. The urban population in India has grown from 78.9 million in 1961 to 377 million in 2011 and is estimated to be doubled in the next 25 years. There will inevitably be more people living in cities. They are increasingly facing the negative consequences of rapid urbanization, such as polarization of population in large cities, unemployment, acute shortages of housing and basic civic amenities, crime, degradation of the environment, traffic congestion, slum and squatter settlements, pollution, poverty, and social unrest. This paper examines the quality of life (QOL) of different slums in Lucknow city. The study is based on primary as well as secondary data. Primary data are collected through an interview schedule and a field survey of 180 households of randomly selected slums. This paper reveals that 95.90% of families live in thatched houses; more than 99.50% of people are still illiterate, less than 48% of the population accesses government medical facilities, more than 56% of people go for open defecation, only 34% of households use tap water and 84% of areas have very poor sewage disposal facilities. This evaluation shows a wretched picture of slums and requires better policies from the government.

In this work, a new fluorescent probe P based on naphthalimide was constructed to detect Fe3+ over other metal ions. The addition of Fe3+ to the solution of P caused an obvious fluorescent quenching at 400 nm.

Introduction: The selection of appropriate treatment agents is critical in regenerative endodontics to ensure successful revascularization outcomes. Ozonated oil and water, known for their potent antibacterial and oxidation properties, offer a novel class of disinfectants. This study aims to evaluate the biocompatibility of ozonated olive oil and other commonly used irrigating solutions in regenerative endodontics, specifically focusing on their impact on red blood cells (RBCs). Objective: This research assesses the cytotoxic effects of ozonated olive oil and other irrigating solutions commonly employed in regenerative endodontics on red blood cells, aiming to identify potential alternatives with minimal adverse effects. Methods: Five test solution groups were established: Group I - 3% NaOCl, Group II - 1.5% NaOCl, Group III - 17% EDTA, Group IV - Ozonated olive oil, and Group V - Normal saline (control). Thirty-five test tubes containing diluted RBC suspensions were assigned randomly to these groups (seven per group). Each test tube received 100 microliters of the respective irrigant, followed by a 3-minute incubation and subsequent centrifugation. Hemoglobin (Hb%) concentration in the resulting supernatant was measured to estimate cytotoxicity. Statistical analyses employed Analysis of Variance and Tukey's Post Hoc analysis. Results: Among the test solutions, 3% NaOCl demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity, while normal saline exhibited the lowest, with mean Hb concentrations of 0.515 g/dl and 0.043 g/dl, respectively, due to hemolysis. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the various test groups (p = 0.001). Ozonated olive oil demonstrated cytotoxicity levels similar to saline, with no statistically significant difference between them (p = 0.988). Conclusion: In comparison to 3% NaOCl, 1.5% NaOCl, and 17% EDTA, ozonated olive oil displayed lower levels of cytotoxicity and released Hb concentration (0.086 g/dl). This suggests that ozonated olive oil holds promise as a potentially favorable adjunct irrigant for regenerative endodontic procedures, due to its reduced impact on red blood cells.

Little millet belongs to the family Poaceae, sub-family Panicoideae, tribe Paniceae, Genus Panicum Species Panicum sumatrense. Little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth. Ex. Roemer and Schultes) is grown in India under various agro ecological situations. The time to maturity for most cultivars is about 90 days. Little millet is grown throughout India up to altitudes of 2100 m, but it has only a little importance in different places. Little millet is a tetraploid with 2n = 4x = 36. Little millet matures quickly and withstands both drought and water logging. Less genetic diversity occurs in the world collections of this species than appears among the other species and the grains are similar to that of rice. Any recipe made with staple rice can be prepared using little millets with similar taste. Perhaps very little of this species is grown outside of India. Little millet is commonly available across the country as a whole grain. Millet flour can be procured from certain sources or more commonly could be made at home. Practically devoid of grain storage pests, the little millets have indefinite storage life. Little millet has a significant role in providing nutraceutical components such as phenols, tannins and phytates along with other nutrients. Little millet is cooked like rice. Sometimes the millet is also milled and baked. The protein content of the grain is 7.7%. The English names for little millet are Indian millet, Tribal millet and small millet. Little millet is reported to be predominantly grown in the eastern parts of India, where it forms part of tribal agriculture. Little millet is known for the highest content of crude fibre in its grains. Little millet is one of the small millets commonly known as ‘kutki’ in Hindi, ‘samai’ in Tamil, ‘same’ in Kannada and ‘samalu’ in Telugu. As these millets are smaller in size, they cook faster than rice and other millets. Little millets could be milled into flour for making roti, baked and fried items.The whole grains can be sprouted and used in salads. Dosa, upma, kichidi, tomato rice, lemon rice, curd rice, porridge, chakli, payasam, halwa and kesari are few traditional recipes prepared in different millet growing states in India. Little millet is native to India and is also called Indian millet. It is mainly grown in the Caucasus, China, East Asia, India, and Malaysia. Little millets are nutritious, healthy and versatile with similar comparison to other cereals and can be a worthy addition to diet. Little millet based value added products could enhance the income, empowers millet farmers and nutrition in rural India. The dehusked grain of little millets is cooked like rice and eaten. In parts of South India, the grain is processed very similar to the parboiling of rice. Often, roti and porridge are made and consumed. It is also made into flour, used for making puddings or cakes. In India, little millet growing states are Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Maharashtra and Gujarat. In Gujarat, generally little millet crop is grown in hilly tract of The Dangs and Valsad district and locally known as “Vari or Moraio”. Little millet is a hardy crop which can withstand drought better than most of other cereal crops and water logging to a certain degree, also. The potentiality of little millet has not been exploited in India and the yield levels are very low there by indicating a greater scope for exploitation of this millet under Indian condition. Mutation breeding was used as one of the strategy in addition to conventional breeding methods for genetic improvement of little millet. Mutation breeding was used as complement approach to conventional breeding methods for genetic improvement of little millet. In this review article on Origin, Domestication, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Breeding, Uses, Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Little Millet are discussed.