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January 2010

  1. Koppad, A. G. and Manjunath Gouda

    A study was conducted at Landakanahalli in hill zone of Karnataka during 2004-05 and 2005-06 to evaluate the performance of medicinal plants viz., Stevia, tulsi, ashwagandh and kalmegh In this experiment four moisture conservation methods viz., ridge and furrow, broad bed and furrow and mulching along with control were imposed. Among the different moisture conservation methods, ridge and furrow method had influenced plant height and number branches in Tulsi (67.92 cm and 16.74), Ashwagandh (8.38 cm and 17.66) and Kalmegh (12.98 cm and 8.8). Yield levels in Stevia, Tulsi and Ashwagandh (304.4 kg/ac leaves, 351.7 kg/ac leaves, and 24.8 kg/ac root respectively) were significantly higher in ridge and furrow followed by broad bed and furrow. Among the different medicinal plants, the income generated was higher from Stevia followed by Tulsi, Kalmegh and ashwagandh.

  2. Kalaiarasu, S. and Uma, C.

    The continuous depletion of the fossil fuel reserves and consequent escalation in their price has stimulated the researchers to find alternate sources to meet the global energy demand. Alcohol was prepared from different substrates of cassava by comparing two step enzyme-enzyme process and single step enzyme process followed by yeast fermentation. The study reveals 96 per cent fermentation efficiency, when the slurry was hydrolyses by two step enzyme-enzyme method and fermented by a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

  3. ARUN BABU.T and HARIKRISHNAN. M.

    The study was conducted on economic reasoning among college students in relation to emotional intelligence. Economic reasoning can be defined as the thinking in accordance with the laws and principles of economics. According to Mayer and Salovey,” it is the ability to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotion and regulate emotion in the self and others.” It is found that there is significant difference in economic reasoning of college students with respect to their gender, locality, part-time job and bank account. There is significant difference in emotional intelligence of college students with respect to their locality, part-time job and bank account and there is no significant difference in emotional intelligence of college students with respect to their gender. It is also found that there exists a positive correlation between economic reasoning and emotional intelligence among college students.

  4. Sankar Samipillai, S, Jagadeesan, G, Thamizh Selvi, K and Sivakumar, K3

    The aim of the present study was to estimate the protective role of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulfur containing conditionally essential amino acid, against mercury -induced cardiac dysfunction in rats. Mercuric chloride was administered orally at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. Mercury exposure caused significant accumulation of the mercury and rat’s hearts tissue. Levels of serum specific markers related to cardiac impairments, e.g. total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were altered due to mercury toxicity. Reduction in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathioneperoxidase (GPx) have been observed in mercury exposed rats. Mercury intoxication also decreased the cardiac glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation end products. Oral administration of taurine at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight for 15 days, however, prevented all the toxin-induced oxidative impairments. The present results suggest that taurine protects the heart tissue against mercury induced toxicity.

  5. Thirumavalavan, R and Sankar Samipillai, S

    In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyze the changes in the biochemical parameters in the brain tissue of Catla catla for 21 days. The sublethal concentration of arsenic alters such as total protein, amino acid, glycogen, glucose acetylcholine and acetyl cholinesterase in the brain tissue. Protein, glycogen and acetyl cholinesterase were decreased .Amino acid, glucose, and acetylcholine were increased in the brain tissue due to toxicity of arsenic.

  6. Ilavenil, S., B. Kaleeswaran, B. and Ravikumar, S.

    Aqueous and ethanol extracts from the leaves of crinum asiaticum plants were investigated for their antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC10031) Klebsilla pneumoniae (ATCC 10031) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 11632) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 23859) using the agar well diffusion, disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. These extract ranged between 0.5 -1.5 mg/ml. The patterns of inhibition varied with the plant extract, the solvent used for extraction, and the organism tested. The different concentration of ethanol extract was significantly differed when compare to their aqueous extract. The maximum zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be 1.5mg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) value of the ethanol extract of Crinum asiaticum were in the range from 0.187 mg/ml to 0.375 mg/ml. Phytochemical analysis, more than 22 compounds have been identified by Gas chromatography with mass spectrophotometry, n-Hexadecanoic acid (22.44%), 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid (15.42%), 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (14.78%), 9, 10–Anthracenedione 2-amino (7.65%) and phytol (7.43%) are the major present components. We conclude that the leaf of Crinum asiaticum is a natural source of new antibacterial compounds.

  7. Umamaheswari, M., Jayakumari, M., Maheswari, K., Subashree, M., Mala, P., Sevanthi, T. and Manikandan, T.

    In the present study, pretreated sugarcane bagasse is used as the substrate for bioethanol production using cellulase and various yeast strains including thermotolerant strains by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation method at the optimized process conditions. Various pretreatment techniques namely dilute and concentrated sulphuric treatment, sodium hydroxide combined with high pressure steam treatment and steam autoclaving treatment are conducted for mechanically pretreated sugarcane bagaasse (milled ~ 100 mesh, 0.15 mm) for different time intervals (5, 10 and 15 min). The objective of the treatment step is to reduce the lignin and hemicellulose without altering the cellulose content because cellulase enzymes are highly specific in the cellulose hydrolysis reactions. From the results, the acid and alkali treatment techniques are not suitable for the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated sugarcane bagasse due the decreased cellulose content and also the hemicellulose and lignin content was significantly reduced. The effect of cellobiose concentration is studied by conducting batch experiments at different initial cellobiose concentrations namely 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g/l at the hydrolysis temperatures of 45°C with an initial enzyme loading of 15 FPU/g bagasse and with initial pH of 5.5 and with a hydrolysis period of 120h as constant. From the experimental results it is observed that the cellobiose show a strong inhibitory effect. The effect of temperature on ethanol fermentation is studied by conducting batch experiments at different incubation temperatures namely 45°C for different yeast strains. The results show the maximum ethanol concentration of 3.82 g/l is obtained at an optimum temperature of 35 °C when S.cerevisiae is used for a fermentation period of 120h. This separate hydrolysis with fermentation gives a lower yield when compared to SSF process and may be due to the inhibitory action of glucose and cellobiose in the cellulose hydrolysis.

  8. Mala, P., Umamaheswari, M., Jayakumari, M., Maheswari, K., Subashree, M., Sevanthi, T., and Manikandan, T.

    Salicornia brachiata is a stem succulent annual halophyte, which is widely distributed in the saltpans of Eastern Part of Pichavaram . Plant samples of Salicornia brachiata were collected from different localities around the East costal part of Tamilnadu, Pichavaram, during the months of June, July, August and September. Salinity and pH of the soils and plants was investigated and the relationship between these parameters tested statistically. The soil salinity values showed that the highest values were obtained in August, but after the rainfall in September these values started to decrease. The plant salinity values showed a parallel variation with the soil salinity values. The correlation between these two parameters was found to be positive and linear. No statistical relationship was obtained between soil–plant salinity and pH. This study reports the effect of salinity (0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000mM NaCl) on the growth, succulence, osmotic and water relations of the species under greenhouse conditions. Fresh and dry weight of plants increased with an increase in salinity. Optimal growth of S. brachiata plants were recorded at 400mM NaCl and the growth declined with a further increase in salinity. Both sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) and Nitrogen (N) contents of plants increased with an increase in salinity, while Phosphorus content decreased. Succulence of shoots increased at low salinity and decreased at high salinity.

  9. Subashree, M., Mala, P., Umamaheswari, M., Jayakumari, M., Maheswari, K., Sevanthi, T., and Manikandan, T.

    Avicennia marina were extracted from different solvents like Acetone, methanol, diethylether, ethanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, chloroform and aqueous extracts against 12 bacterial strains. The present study exhibit maximum antibacterial activity was recorded from chloroform extracts against Enterococci sp. and minimum activity was noted from ethyl acetate extract against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococci sp., Salmonella sp. and Shewanella sp.

  10. Sivaraman .M and P. Thamizhiniyan

    The germination percentage, seedling growth and dry weight of six varieties of blackgram were high at 10 percent of sago factory effluent for all the varieties when compared to control. Among the six varieties studied, Vamban-2 showed better growth, the order of tolerance being Vamban-2>Vamban-1>ADT-4>ADT-5>KM-1>ADT-3.

  11. Mumthas, S, Chidambaram, AL. A, Sundaramoorthy, P and Sankar Ganesh, K

    The effects of arsenic, chromium, manganese, molybdenum and nickel on the growth, chlorophyll, sugar and protein content were investigated in 7 days-old seedlings (Vigna radiate (L). Wilczek) with various concentration (5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/l). Heavy metal induces a number of physiological and biochemical changes, such as growth, total chlorophyll content, sugar and protein content declined progressively with increasing concentrations of heavy metals compared with the control plants.

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