August 2023

Dental fluorosis, an under reported public health problem the world over impacts 11.4% of the population in Nigeria. It is caused by successive exposure to high fluoride concentrations during tooth development and is linked to the development of a variety of psychological and physiological problems: dental aesthetics, reduction in intelligence and skeletal changes. The purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional study was to explore the influences of altitude and use of fertilizers in cropping in the development of dental fluorosis in children in a rural community in Nigeria. A multilevel theoretical model was used to identify possible fluoride exposure pathways that impact childhood oral health. The study was guided by 2 main research questions: What is the prevalence of fluorosis among Nigerian school-aged children? What is the association of this prevalence with the prevailing influences of altitude and use of fertilizers in cropping? Data was collected by administering surveys, on children aged 5 to15 years and their parents/guardians. Chi-square tests were used to test for possible associations. The study findings showed a fluorosis prevalence rate of 86.6% in the 269 school children surveyed, with majority of these children between the ages of 8 to 13 years. There was no significant association of fluorosis prevalence with altitude in the population, however the association with the use of fertilizers requires further research. This study’s possible impact on social change include raising awareness to this problem as well encouraging the cautious use of fertilizers in cropping.

Research and innovation in Oral Implantology is a never ending process. Introduction of Magnetic Mallet in Oral Surgery and Oral Implantology in the recent years has gained a lot of popularity in procedures like Atraumatic Extraction, Implant Osteotomy, Sinus Floor Elevation and Bone Condensation Technique. This is a unique instrument which gives the clinician freedom to visualise the field as it does not require Saline Irrigation while performing the procedures.

Chondrosarcoma is an infrequent malignant tumor of head and neck with less than 10% of cases occurring in the craniofacial region. Many a times it is a challenge to differentiate its benign or malignant nature. Osteoid osteoma presents with severe localized pain, predominantly nocturnal, relieved with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 80% of osteomas occur in the long bones and less than 1% occur in jaws. Here we present an enigmatous lesion where two tumours with distinct tissue of origin, arose in the same site, started as a harmless benign osteoid osteoma and then transforming into an aggressive sarcomatous lesion.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by monocytes/macrophages, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is an acid-labile interferon produced by CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as activated NK cells. IFN-γ receptors are present in most immune cells, which respond to IFN-γ signaling by increasing the surface expression of class I MHC proteins. This promotes the presentation of antigen to T-helper (CD4+) cells the increased presence of TNF-alpha and its receptors in articular cartilage with mild osteoarthritic. Regulating TNF-alpha is an important component in the treatment. Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory joint disease due to degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone. Inflammation is common and essential protective response to the harmful stimuli such as infectious agents, antigen-antibody reactions, thermal, chemical, and physical agents, and ischemia. The main characteristics of inflammation are redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. Inflammation cascades can lead to the development of diseases such as arthritis, chronic asthma, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease. Osteoarthritis is characterized by loss of joint cartilage, results pain and loss of function primarily in the knees and hips, which mostly affects 9.6% of men and 18% of women aged more than 60 years. The present sequel was emphasized on the levels of TNF alpha, IFN gamma and catalase in osteoarthritic patients and to compare it with the levels of those after introducing of antioxidants (Phytoconstituents). Control and regulation through phytoconstituents was enhanced a new way to prevent Osteoarthritis. Study have explored and examined on several medicinal plants spices like Curcumin (Curcuma longa),Cardamom ( Elettaria cardamom), Saffron (Crocus sativus), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) which are carotenoid-rich that is used to treat various types of diseases caused by oxidative stress specially for Osteoarthritis, Diabetics etc. It has the ability to decrease the levels of ROS, free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation, its anti-inflammatory effects which stimulate phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK), acetyl-CoA carbohydrate (ACC), and mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKS). Cinnamon consists of cinnamaldehyde, cinnomic acid, eugenol and other components that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that can reduce interleukin (IL) 6, and nitric oxide (NO) types of production and can suppress lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde (MDA). Hence, regulation and control of Osteoarthritis is a challenging opportunity at present 21st century, enhancement of ushering a new way to evaluate and prevent Osteoarthritis among the Indian patients can possible through such medicinal herbs which were accentuated upon.

Sanda is a competitive sport that requires teamwork, especially among student-athletes. A number of courses that call for in-class student participation and teamwork have been related to the idea of cooperative learning. This correlation research aimed to discover the association between cooperative learning attitude and fighting performance among Sanda student-athletes, as well as a qualitative aspect that explored teacher practices in cooperative learning. One hundred twenty-two participants were surveyed using a researcher-made tool (Cronbach alpha > 0.90) and 5 teachers were purposefully interviewed. Informed consent was secured during the process of data collection. The results of the survey show that there is a high level of cooperative learning (Mean =2.54, SD = 0.27) in the domains of teamwork (Mean =2.55, SD = 0.46), peer support (Mean =2.50, SD = 0.48), and positive interdependence (Mean =2.58, SD = 0.49). On the other hand, fighting performance (Mean =2.50, SD = 0.25) was seen at high levels in the domain of self-confidence (Mean =2.56, SD = 0.46) but perceived as low in the domain of motivation (Mean =2.50, SD = 0.43) and concentration (Mean =2.43, SD = 0.50). Practices to ensure cooperative learning were structured training methods, positive relationships amongst students, partner rotations to encourage collaborative exercises, learning from one another, and effective communication. Strategies to improve cooperation include mentorship programs, conducting in-house competitions, team-building activities, mixed-level training, and cooperative training sessions. Correlation tests revealed that there is a significant correlation between cooperative learning and fighting performance (r = –0.2181, p< 0.05).

Le développement des Etats passe par la santé de leur population, ainsi ils se donnent les moyens pour assurer leur bien-être. En Côte d’Ivoire, ce désir est possible grâce à la construction des édifices sanitaires, à la formation des agents de santé et àl’organisation des activités scientifiques. Aussi, des programmes de prise en charge vaccinales gratuite leur sont offerts pour maintenir leur santéen bonne étatdès leur naissance. Au nombre deces programmes figurent le Programme Elargie de Vaccination (PEV),qui permet à la population d’éviter certaines maladies. Malgré les actions menées par l’état pour prévenir et guérir les maladies, la couverture vaccinale dans l’air sanitaire d’Anyama reste faible. Alorscetarticleveut comprendre les raisons qui justifient l’inobservance de la vaccination des mères d’enfants de 0 à 11 mois. La méthodologie qui a présidé au recueil des données est l’approche qualitative. Les outils mobilisés sont unguide d’entretien et une grille d’observation in situ.Les résultats de l’étude montrentqu’au-delà des représentations des mères, les facteurs comme les manifestations post-vaccinales indésirables(MAPI), l’occupation des mères, la distance des ménages du lieu de vaccination, et le recours aux soins traditionnels justifient de l’inobservance de la vaccination chez les mères d’enfant de 0 à 11 mois dans ledit district.

Lipases (triacylglycerol hydrolases) are enzymes capable of hydrolysing lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. There are mainly three major categories of lipases- substrate-specific, regioselective and enantioselective. Microbial lipases are in huge demand due to its application in various industrial sectors. The present study aims to isolate lipase producing bacteria from biomedical waste of a pharmaceutical company located in West Bengal, India. Further, morphological and biochemical characterisation of the isolated bacterial sample was carried out. After serial dilution and spread plate method, the prominent clear zone observed in TBA agar (Tributyrin agar) media confirmed the isolation of lipase producing bacterial strain. The bacteria were biochemically characterised by different tests according to Bergey’s manual. Further optimisation of growth parameters (i.e. media formulation, time, pH and temperature) and antimicrobial activities of isolated lipase producing bacteria have also been studied. The optimum parameters for bacterial growth were analysed by using spectroscopic methods at 600nm. The isolated bacteria exhibited its maximum growth at a temperature of 37°C and an optimum pH 7.0 in production media (PM) using 1% (w/v) olive oil (contain fatty acid act as a carbon and energy source for bacteria) after 48 hours of incubation.

Errors in medication and dose selection are a major concern in the field of healthcare systems, they can have an impact on the patient's safety and care. More precisely dose errors represent a particular type of medication error, as they can lead to adverse events like adverse drug reaction (ADR), birth defect, disability, unexpected adverse events (UAE) etc. In an effort to reduce medication errors and dose errors and also to improve personalized medication management, artificial intelligence (AI) has been taken into consideration. The purpose of the study is to throw some light on the scopes of AI to help with the above-mentioned problems. By using various algorithms and models A.I development could give more accurate and precise results. Some of the events like screening a prescription, providing real time alerts to the health care personnel about the possible medication interactions, dose related issues can be more specified and ethically modified using AI algorithms. Also, by using and developing A.I models and algorithms prediction of an upcoming disease can be possible from the early stages. As an example, by using different parameters like age, height, weight, patient medical history, genetic history, lifestyle there is a great possibility to predict the upcoming possible diseases.

Now a days it is difficult to imagine the food products without any food additives. Sodium benzoate (SB) is one of the most commonly used food preservative in food processing industries. The aim of present study, is to ensure the ameliorating effect of fenugreek seeds were evaluated against genotoxic effect induced by Sodium benzoate(SB) on polychromatic erythrocytes(PCEs) and normochromatic erythrocytes(NCEs) in bone marrow cells in mice using micronucleus test, twenty four adult swiss albino mice of average weight 25 gm was selected and divided into four groups. First group included control(C) with normal diet, the second group was treated with sodium benzoate at concentration (2.25 mg/ml) and the third group was treated with fenugreek seed powder(ameliorating agent) at a concentration( 400 mg/Kg) body weight and fourth concurrent group was treated with sodium benzoate and fenugreek same as 2nd and 3rd group concentration for 35 days, after that animals were sacrificed and samples were taken for study of micronucleus test, the result shows that the micronucleus formation in Sodium benzoate (SB) treated groups were significantly (2.80%) higher than the control (0.16%) and the treatment of concurrent (sodium benzoate and fenugreek) group shows the value of (0.27%), this value was significantly lower than Sodium benzoate treated group and almost equivalent to the control group. The results thus suggested that fenugreek seed showed ameliorating effect against Sodium benzoate (E211) induced genotoxicity in bone marrow cells of mice.

Le développement des Etats passe par la santé de leur population, ainsi ils se donnent les moyens pour assurer leur bien-être. En Côte d’Ivoire, ce désir est possible grâce à la construction des édifices sanitaires, à la formation des agents de santé et àl’organisation des activités scientifiques. Aussi, des programmes de prise en charge vaccinales gratuite leur sont offerts pour maintenir leur santéen bonne étatdès leur naissance. Au nombre deces programmes figurent le Programme Elargie de Vaccination (PEV), qui permet à la population d’éviter certaines maladies. Malgré les actions menées par l’état pour prévenir et guérir les maladies, la couverture vaccinale dans l’air sanitaire d’Anyama reste faible. Alorscetarticleveut comprendre les raisons qui justifient l’inobservance de la vaccination des mères d’enfants de 0 à 11 mois. La méthodologie qui a présidé au recueil des données est l’approche qualitative. Les outils mobilisés sont unguide d’entretien et une grille d’observation in situ.Les résultats de l’étude montrentqu’au-delà des représentations des mères, les facteurs comme les manifestations post-vaccinales indésirables (MAPI), l’occupation des mères, la distance des ménages du lieu de vaccination, et le recours aux soins traditionnels justifient de l’inobservance de la vaccination chez les mères d’enfant de 0 à 11 mois dans ledit district.

Urad bean belongs to the Family Fabaceae, Subfamily Faboideae, Gnus Vigna, Species Vigna mungo. The chromosome number 2n=22. Urad bean (Vigna mungo) is a different species from mung bean/green gram (Vigna radiata). Both species are similar and are sometimes called by the same vernacular names. Urad bean has been reclassified from the Phaseolus to the Vigna genus. However, at present they are considered as 2 separate species with as major differences: flower colour (bright yellow in Vigna mungo, pale yellow in Vigna radiata), pocket on the keel (longer in Vigna mungo than in Vigna radiata), fruit shape (pods of Vigna mungo are shorter and erect on the peduncle, in Vigna radiata the pods are longer and spreading or pendulous). Three taxa are distinguished within Vigna mungo: 1) var. mungo, with large, black-seeded and early-maturing cultivars; 2) var. viridis Bose, with greenish dull or glossy seeds and late-maturing cultivars; and 3) var. silvestris Lukoki, Maréchal & Otoul, the wild type; compared to cultivated types it is smaller, more climbing, more hairy, with denser inflorescences and small seeds with prominent raised aril; it is considered the ancestor of the cultivated black gram. Common names are Black gram, urd bean, urad bean, Haricot urd. In Gujarati: aḷad, aḍad; Hindi: uṛad dāl, urad dāl; Kannada: uddu, uddina bēḷe; Marathi/Konkani: uḍid; Malayalam: uẓhunnu; Punjabi: "mānha di dāl"; Tamil: uḷuntu, ulundu, ulutham paruppu; Telugu: minumulu and uddhi pappu in Rayalaseema; Tulu: urdu bele; Urdu: urad dāl . Other Names are Adad, Arad, Karu-minimulu, Maga, Mas, Mash kalai, Masha, Matimah, Minumulu, Nallaminumulu, Tikari kalai, Uddu, Udid, Ulundu, Urad, Urd dhal, Urdi, Uzhunnu, ambérique, black gram, fagiolo urd, feijão-da-china, frijol mungo, haricot mungo, mash, mash kalai, masha, moong, mung bean, urd, urd bean, urd-bean, urdbohne, urdböna, urd|ulundu / urd. These are available in various avatars as whole, dehulled and in the form of split bean. Vigna mungo is a hairy and bushy, annual plant which has an elaborate taproot. The stem is highly branched from the base. The plant is cultivated for its edible seeds in tropical countries, especially in Asia. In addition, being an important source of human food and animal feed, it also plays an important role in sustaining soil fertility by improving soil physical properties and fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Being a drought resistant crop, it is suitable for dry land farming and predominantly used as an intercrop with other crops. This crop is itself a mini-fertilizer factory, as it has unique characteristics of maintaining and restoring soil fertility through fixing atmospheric nitrogen in symbiotic association with Rhizobium bacteria, present in the root nodules. Crop is suitable for inter cropping with different crops such as cotton, sorghum, pearl millet, green gram, maize, soybean, groundnut, for increasing production and maintaining soil fertility. In India the black gram is one of the important pulses grown in both Kharif and Rabi seasons. This crop is extensively grown in southern part of India, northern part of Bangladesh and Nepal. In Bangladesh and Nepal it is known as mash daal. It is a popular daal (legume) side dish in South Asia, that goes with curry and rice as a platter. Black gram has also been introduced to other tropical areas such as the Caribbean, Fiji, Mauritius, Myanmar and Africa. Black gram (urad bean) will be black in colour usually. But black gram in green colour has been invented by C.S.Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (variety Shekhar 1). In this review article on Origin, Domestication, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Breeding, Uses, Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Urad bean or Black gram are discussed.

This study presents the "ALICE: Autism-Led Individualized Conditioning Exercise Program," a personalized physical education approach designed for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The challenges faced by individuals with ASD in communication, behavior, and social interaction highlight the need for tailored interventions. The ALICE program aims to address this need by offering customized exercise plans based on each child's unique abilities and preferences. To assess the program's efficacy, a pre-test and post-test study was conducted involving 30 children diagnosed with autism. Comparative results indicate significant improvements in specific locomotion skills such as running, galloping, hopping, and sliding (p < 0.05). Object control skills like striking, catching, kicking, and underhand throwing also demonstrated notable enhancements (p < 0.05). While certain skills like leaping, horizontal jumping, stationary dribbling, and overhead throwing did not exhibit significant changes (p > 0.05), the overall findings underscore the positive impact of the ALICE program on enhancing targeted physical abilities among children with autism. This study emphasizes the potential of personalized interventions to promote physical well-being, psychological health, and social engagement within the autism community.

The study looked at the success rate of the Entrepreneurship and Skill Development Programmes (ESDP), the role of training intuitions, and the changes in beneficiaries following training in Karaikal district, Puducherry. The study is descriptive in nature, with 256 samples gathered and evaluated using appropriate statistical methods and a systematic random sampling method. The core data was gathered via well-structured questionnaires distributed by the DIC - Karaikal and CEDOK-DIC offices. The study's findings revealed that Entrepreneurship and Skill Development Programmes (ESDP) were positively connected with youth success in self-employment in the Karaikal District of Puducherry.

The purpose of this study is to find out the implementation of fieldwork practices that have been achieved. The method used is qualitative. The research was conducted at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Ajibarang, with participants being students of SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Ajibarang Department of Mechanical Engineering class XI and XII. Data collection was carried out using semi-structured interview techniques. The process of data analysis uses descriptive. The results of the study identified the challenges faced by respondents, among others, students' understanding of work readiness, limited facilities and infrastructure for implementing fieldwork practices. The results of further research as a reference in improvement and study materials to be able to improve learning activities by SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Ajibarang. Next, the role of student job readiness to face global competition in the world of work is the role of strengthening a sense of responsibility, discipline, skills, good communication, establishing interpersonal relationships, self-view, and health and safety. Finally, the strategy applied by the principal in building reputation at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Ajibarang is in accordance with the vision and mission of the school (Business Entrepreneurship, Continuing Education to Higher Education, Work / Work) while continuing to develop networks, improve school facilities and infrastructure, build effective communication, and improve graduate tracing programs.

Palatal recurrence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after completion of chemotherapy is rare clinical entity Lymphoma has a propensity for recurrence in any part of the body. PET scan is the modality of first choice to rule out recurrence of NHL after completion of chemotherapy. Biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis and staging of Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Histopathology and immune his to chemistry decides the treatment. In elderly patients, treatment with R-mini CHOP regime has excellent role without any complications.

The purposes of this research were as follows: 1) To develop a prototype of Rajabhat University students from ChomBueng Village using the social engineering process. 2) To compare the effectiveness before and after implementing social engineering skills among Muban Chom Bueng Rajabhat University students. 3) To assess the behavior before and after utilizing social engineering skills among Muban Chom Bueng Rajabhat University students.The sample for this research was obtained through group random sampling, consisting of students from seven groups: Faculty of Education, Faculty of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Management Sciences, Faculty of Muay Thai Studies and Thai Traditional Medicine College, as well as central organization members. The total sample size was 100 individuals. This research involved developing a prototype for Muban Chom Bueng Rajabhat University students using a social engineering process. The assigned task for the students was to visit an organic farming village area inhabited by elderly community members in Moo 8, Pak Chong Subdistrict, Chom Bueng District, Ratchaburi Province. The purpose was to study the effectiveness and observe behavioral changes in prototype students regarding their use of social engineering skills. Data analysis methods included content analysis (mean, percentage), standard deviation calculations, and t-tests. The results of the study were as follows: 1) the model of Rajabhat University students Chom Bueng Village There are 4 social engineer skills, namely thinkers, communicators, coordinators, and innovators, which are the skills that must be used in students' work in community areas. 2) Comparison of effectiveness before and after using skills. The social engineers of Muban Chom Bueng Rajabhat University students found that the knowledge test results before and after using the social engineer skills of Muban Chom Bueng Rajabhat University students. It was found that the mean score before the experiment was 8.28 (S.D = 3.05) and the posttest mean score was 17.53 (S.D = 1.49). The ability to use social engineer tools after the experiment and before the experiment was significantly different. statistically significant (p > 0.05) and 3) Studying the Utilization Behavior of Social Engineering Skills among Mu Ban ChomBueng Rajabhat University Students. Social engineers after the experiment and before the experiment were significantly different (p > 0.05).

The limited durability of mushrooms is a significant obstacle to their commercialization and consumption. The objective was to assess the impact of CaCl2 treatment on production characteristics such as dry matter, yield, colour, firmness, wet loss, and tissue calcium content in three consecutive flushes. The study involved applying five concentrations ofCaCl2 irrigation treatments (0.35%, 0.45%, 0.55%, 0.75%, and 1.00% CaCl2) as well as tap water (control) to the Pleurotusostreatus white strain, for 8 days at 4oC. The statistical analysis of the data indicated that CaCl2 treatment enhanced the dry matter content, increased the concentration of Ca in the mushroom tissue, and enhanced the colour, and firmness, reduced wet loss, but had little impact on the yields. A linear relation was observed between the amount of CaCl2 used and the shelf life and quality of mushrooms. The highest Ca content was found in mushrooms treated with 0.75% and 1.00% CaCl2. Concentrations of 0.35%, 0.75%, and 1.00% were seen to delay the softening of mushrooms, resulting in increased firmness, preserving freshness by preventing the occurrence of browning throughout their shelf-life. Treating the mushrooms with CaCl2 solution for 8 days at 40C could be used as asustainable production approach that could help to increase the shelf life and postharvest quality of Pleurotusostreatus, to boost its commercialization and consumption.

The proliferation of the invasive Mimosa diplotricha weed species on agricultural lands within humid tropical agroecosystems necessitates the implementation of sustainable management measures. The present study investigated the impact of varying quantities of rice husk(RH) and palm kernel shell(PKS) mulch (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 tonnes per hectare) as well as an unmulched control on the emergence and growth of Mimosa diplotricha weed in a garden egg farm. The quantification of the impact of two different mulches on the performance and yield of garden egg was also conducted. A randomized block design was implemented, consisting of three replicates conducted over the course of two growing seasons. This study presents the initial evidence of the efficacy of palm kernel shell mulch in mitigating the growth of M. diplotricha The percentage emergence of the weed under PKS treatment was much lower (20.0%) when compared to the unmulched control group (87%) in the year 2018. In the year 2019, the control group exhibited a percentage emergence of 90%, while the PKS group demonstrated a percentage emergence of 23%. The study observed the shoot and root growth, as well as biomass accumulation, were reduced, in both experimental years for the weed. Conversely, the utilization of palm kernel shell mulch resulted in a significant enhancement in garden egg biomass, leaf area, and fruit yield. The efficacy of the mulch on the performance of M.diplotricha and garden egg remained consistent over both research years, indicating no significant effect. However, the application of different mulch volumes had a discernible impact on their growth. The findings ofthis study will serve as a guiding framework for future research endeavors focused on investigating the impacts of bioherbicides on the control of tropical weeds.

Finger millet, also known as ragi belongs to the Family: Graminae/ Poaceae, Subfamily: Chloridoideae, Genus: Eleusine and Species: Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. Finger Millet is an important millet grown extensively in various regions of India and Africa. It ranks sixth in production after wheat, rice, maize, sorghum and bajra in India. Finger millet is one of the important millets that are mostly consumed by the people in Africa and Asia. It is native to subsistence farmers and poor people in rural parts. The seeds of finger millet have rich nutrients providing energy and nutrients to the rural population. Notably, the calcium content of finger millet is much higher (10-fold) than any other cereal crop. Better resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses and the long shelf-life of seeds make this crop a crop of the future. Although it received less attention in the first green revolution, rich nutrient profile and climate resilience nature of this crop have attracted the researchers even in Western countries in recent years. Main cultivation areas are parts of eastern and southern Africa – particularly Uganda, Kenya, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania – and parts of India and Nepal.  It is also grown in southern Sudan  and "as far south" in Africa as Mozambique.  In India, ragi is mostly grown and consumed in Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Maharashtra, Kumaon region of Uttarakhand and Goa; of which, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand produce the bulk of ragi in the country. There are significant yield variations observed even among the top producing States. In Karnataka, ragi growing areas are concentrated in the southern maidan. Tumakuru district is the leading producer of ragi, followed by Ramnagar, Bengaluru Rural, Hassan, Mandya, Kolar, Chikballapur, Shivamogga, Chikkamagaluru, Chamarajnagar, and Davanagere districts. Finger millet or ragi occupies significant position in India in terms of production and utilization and in entire world. It is one of the most stable food crop. Finger millet is superior to rice and wheat with respect to mineral, fiber and micronutritient contents. Finger millet is a nutrient rich crop. Finger millet is being used as food (grains) in developing countries and as animal feed (straw) in developed countries indicating that it is considered as a poor man's food. Ca is required for a number of basic regulatory functions such as transmission of nerve impulses, contraction and relaxation of muscles, blood coagulation cascade, activation of enzymes, stimulation of hormonal secretion and so on in human body and so on. In the Deccan, ragi is prepared in the form of rotti, bhakri, dosa, idli, porridge, pudding, or a large sphere (mudde) that is broken into pieces that are dipped into sambar. In Sanksrit, the iron-rich ragi is referred to as nrtta-kondaka, meaning dancing grains. Legend holds that Lord Rama, Indra and Hanuman all favoured ragi over rice, on the merits of its immediate and lasting attractiveness. Its merits go beyond looks: it is rich in minerals and unusually for a cereal boasts an amino acid, methionine, that is normally found in significant amounts largely in eggs, meats and fish. In this review article on Origin, Domestication, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Processing, Uses, Breeding, and Health Benefits of Ragi are discussed.

Child's dental fear has been reported as one of the reasons that increase, aggravate dental diseases and facilitate other oral diseases. This study is aimed to describeprevalence of dental fear and to assess the relationship between dental caries, gingival status and dental fear in 6-12year-old children at Malappuram District. The sample comprised of 300 children aged 6-12 years. The questionnaire examined the profile of participants and assessed their dental fear using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). Children have “dental fear” when the total CFSS-DS score is greater than or equal to 53. By contrast, those without dental fear gain the total point which is less than 53. After completing the questionnaire, a dental examination was undertaken by using OHI-S Index, DMFT Index and Gingival Index. The 3 indices were found to be higher in fearful child [OHI-S Index (3.17± 0.45), Gingival Index (2.34 ± 0.45), DMFT Index (7.35± 1.65) when compared with fearless child. Our findings demonstrated the status of 6-12year-old children's dental fear at Malappuram district and reported that dental caries and gingival status had correlation with child dental fear score (p < 0.05).

This case report delves into the analysis of the effect of temperature change in rainfall pattern . Climate change is becoming a threat to the environment and livelihood of human. It is also affecting the economy of country as it is affecting agriculture process. Jharkhand being agriculture dominated state, also got affected by climate change. Correlation study of temperature and rainfall in India were positively correlated during January and May, but negatively correlated during July. In this paper, a correlation study of temperature and rainfall is done for the period 1973-2020. Pearson’s correlation study for Ranchi signifies that the temperature and rainfall are negatively correlated for all the seasons and is significant for summer season whereas it is moderately correlated annually. The monthly correlation study signifies that the temperature and rainfall is negatively correlated for all month except November and January and is significant for month March, April, May, June, September and December. The month of November and January have positive correlation.

Hyperlipidaemia is the greatest risk factor of coronary heart disease. Currently available hypolipidemic drugs have been associated with number of side effects. Herbal treatment for hyperlipidaemia has no side effects and is relatively cheap and locally available.Literature claims that Saponins are able to reduce hyperlipidemia. Based on high content of saponin in herbal plants, Garlic (Allium sativum L.) was selected and focus on the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of ethanolic seed extract of Allium sativum Lagainst triton-WR1339 induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Hyperlipidemia was induced in Wistar rats by Intraperitoneal (I.P) injections of Triton WR-1339 at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. Allium sativum L was administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg to triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidaemic rats. After administration of Allium sativum L shows a significant decrease in the levels of cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and significant increase in the level of HDL in serum and liver tissues against triton induced hyperlipidaemic in rats. Therefore it effectively suppressed the triton induced hyperlipidemia in rats, suggesting the potential protective role in Coronary heart disease.

The purpose of the article is to analyse the economic role of the Hoa (or ethnic Chinese) in South Vietnam under the Saigon regime (1954–1975). The article argues that the Hoa in South Vietnam under the Saigon regime were a key economic force, having a dominant role in many of South Vietnam’s key economic activities such as commerce, industry, and traffic. On the one hand, the Hoa contributed to the economic growth of South Vietnam during this period; on the other hand, they also made the Saigon government feel worried about the dominant role of this community’s economic force.

Voting is considered the fundamental right for being a citizen of a country; it allows a citizen to elect an appropriate candidate to form the ruling government. Electronic voting is better than the ballot voting system, but it has a lot of problems that cannot be overlooked. In this paper we have proposed that by creating an electronic system we can limit the tampering of the count by doing it using computer based system. Initially A user can be authenticated using many different techniques, here we have listed some of them and provided the more accurate combination for it. The problem with the existing system which works on a much basic and less technical standards, which occupies a lot of man power as well as the cost and the false authentication which is quite possible in the existing system that cannot be overlooked. Further we have learned that implementing the authentication using biometric is much reliable and efficient for e-voting among all the other techniques.

E-learning is both a crisis and a turning point for education, because when the COVID-19 epidemic swept the world, governments around the world implemented the policy of suspending classes without delaying students’ learning. Since last year, the global experiment began, and schools have carried out distance teaching, e-learning, etc.The word "smart" refers to intelligence, wisdom, efficiency, and effectiveness. Therefore, smart education refers to a learning medium that enables learners to think intelligently, act effectively, and solve problems effectively.The term "e-learning" has different interpretations and nouns with the development of different technological tools, such as: Internet based training, web-based training, or online learning, online learning, distance learning, etc., but basically all are the application of computers and network technology media in learning situations, including synchronous and asynchronous network learning.The aim of this paper is to develop a hierarchy framework in assessing the key success factors of the importance of smart E-learning education systems. Compare the relative weight values with AHP; it clearly understands the impact of the criteria on the importance of E-learning. Through this dual assessment model, it can more thoroughly assess the impact of the guidelines, and further provide a gradual increase in the use of E-learning system. Also, it is an important reference and substantive recommendations to the smart E-learning education providers.

Cet article se propose de faire l’analyse sociologiquedu mécanisme de prise en charge sociale des élèves filles en grossesse ou mères du système scolaire ivoirien, particulièrement dans le département de Korhogo. Il s’agit d’une étude essentiellement qualitative qui s’inscrit dans une approche compréhensive et s’appuie sur les observations et les entretiens (individuels et des focus group). Les techniques d’échantillonnage par choix raisonné et de boule de neige ont été utilisés pour la sélection des participants. Au total, un échantillon de quarante (40) personnes ont été interrogées (23 personnels d’encadrementscolaire et 17 parents d’élèves). Les résultats révèlent que le phénomène d’arrêt des cours touche plus les filles qui rencontrent des difficultés dans la prise en charge en milieu familial, pendant la grossesse et après l’accouchement. Aussi, notre étude révèleque, plus la nouvelle mesure de prise en charge défend les droits des élèves filles en grossesse à continuer les cours si leur santé leur permet, plus celles qui n’ont pas encore été enceintes essayerons de faire comme leurs camarades. Cela justifie la théorie de l’imitation de Gabriel Tarde, basée sur l’imitation des acteurs sociaux dans l’ensemble de leurs rapports et échanges. L’étude a montré également des facteurs sociaux qui favorisent les grossesses scolaires aboutissant à l’abandon scolaires. Ce sont, la curiosité et l’ignorance des filles élèves. Ces filles cherchent à savoir ou à découvrir l’état dans lequel se trouve une jeune fille en grossesse et cela aboutisse à des résultats défavorables. L’un des facteurs qui participe à l’émergence des grossesses précoces est la démissionde la famille dans ses rôles régaliens. Cette démission de la famille est arrivée à renforcer le comportement sexuel des élèves. Il ressort des entretiens que la majorité soit (90%) des grossesses sont contractées en période de congé scolaire, le moment où la famille doit avoir un contrôle sur les enfants.

An operation theatre (OT) is a very complex setup, which presents numerous challenges for both patients and health care providers. A safe OT environment decreases the susceptibility of patients to postoperative infections. The microbiological profile and bacterial colonization and the microbial contamination of air quality indoor effects in the operating theatres of a tertiary care hospital were studied. Bacterial species in the OTs were isolated and identified by standard conventional methods. Air quality surveillance of OTs was done by settle plate method. A total of 342 samples were collected from surfaces, articles and of the various OTs. Out of these, 32 (9.3%), samples showed bacterial growth. The predominant species isolated was Aerobic spore forming bacilli 20 (62%) followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS) with 8 (25%) isolates followed by 3 (89.3%) Micrococcus species and one (3.1%) Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. Analysis of the OTs air samples showed the least colony forming unit (cfu) rate of air (27cfu/m3) in ophthalmology OT and the highest rate of 133 cfu/m3 in general surgery OT was very high. The study shows that the frequent use of OTs, traffic is more, more patient load and infrequent cleaning between surgeries can cause high CFU counts.