February 2023

Aim: To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Salvadora persica with and without ultrasonic activation against E.Feacalis. Materials and Methods: The samples were irrigated as follows after preparation upto size F3: Group 1: Experimental combination of 5% NaOCl and 40% S. persica Aqueous extract(n=10),Group 2: Experimental combination of 5% NaOCl and 40% S. persica Aqueous extract with ultrasonic activation (n=10), Group 3: Experimental combination of 5% NaOCl and 40% S. persica alcoholic extract (n=10),Group 4: Experimental combination of 5% NaOCl and 40% S. persica alcoholic extract with ultrasonic activation (n=10). Statistical Analysis: Antimicrobial efficacy – Independent T test and post hoc Mann–Whitney test. Results: Results shows that in the non-activation group, alcoholic extract of Salvadora persica performed better than the aqueous extract. In activation groups both aqueous and alcoholic extracts were found to perform similarly. Conclusion: Both alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Salvadora persica in combination with NaOCl had antimicrobial activity against E. Faecalis.Ultrasonic activation resulted in better reduction of CFU’s compared to non-activated groups for both aqueous and alcoholic extracts.

Integrated approach of yoga therapy (IAYT) is defined as the use of yoga practices for the prevention and treatment of medical conditions. Beyond the physical elements of yoga, this incorporates appropriate breathing techniques, mindfulness, and meditation in order to achieve the maximum benefits. The practice of yoga (IAYT) is not easy or as quick as taking medication, but mounting evidence suggest it is worth the effort and investment. This is based on Panchakosha concept, helps one to reconnect with oneself. This can ultimately help to relieve one from the pressures and stressors which we receive almost daily. Neuroendocrine involvement is brought here and interactions between regulatory bodies and vascular functions have been elaborated. Only physical exercise or yoga did not show much beneficial. It is also should be noted that the field of yoga research encompasses the inherent dilemma of the wide variety of yogic practices used as interventional therapies. It has also been shown to have Psychological benefits, as the practice can help to increase mental energy, positive feeling and decrease negative feeling of aggressiveness, depression and anxiety. Keeping these in minds it is very much essential to understand the regulatory involvement and their basic interactions with vascular physiology in IAYT.

Numerous research works has been carried out for the removal of phosphorous from the steel since several decade because of its detrimental effect on mechanical properties of steel such as cold shortness temper embrittlement poor ductility and strength. In the present work, dephosphorization experiments have been carried out. Total fifteen heats were processed, experimenting on (0.017%C) low carbon steel. During each individual heat, the samples of slag and liquid metal have been collected. It is found that Rate of dephosphorization is mainly controlled by mass transfer in the slag. Addition of MgO may increase the melting point and viscosity of the slag which decreases the kinetic conditions of dephosphorization. It decreases the activity of CaO and FeO in slag and increase in Al2O3 decreases the viscosity of the melt which have a negative impact on phosphorous removal. The dephosphorization increases with increase in slag basicity and becomes maximum approximately 3, further increase in basicity beyond that has found to have negative impact on phosphorous removal.

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia initiative, that was implemented on the 15th of November 2020, aimed to improve the surveillance of HCV infection among all population. The objective was to eliminate HCV infection, and by that fulfilling the 2030 vision of Saudi Arabia. Official national circulars, that were signed by higher authorities, concentrated on early detection through passive surveillance of cases reported from laboratories, or through active surveillance in the community or in high-risk groups. The data shows that over the years, the prevalence rates of hepatitis C in Saudi Arabia have decreased. However, there is a need to underscore the low quality of data available. Most of the data is fragmented into various population cohorts. Utilization of current data available in the national initiative is mandatory to assess the current situation and to recalculate the prevalence which would be of value for planning, budget allocation, and to assess the need for further active surveillance.

Xanthogranulomatous endometritis is a rare benign pathology mimicking endometrial carcinoma which shows focal or total replacement of the endometrial tissue by granulation tissue with the presence of foamy histiocytes, variable numbers of multinucleated giant cells, chronic inflammatory cells, necrotic material, siderophages, calcium, and hemosiderin.Many a times, infiltration by foamy macrophages in the myometrium can bemisdiagnosed as clear cell carcinoma or sarcoma, Immunohistochemistry can help in coming to a definitive diagnosis. We hereby report the case of 56 years the postmenopausal lady with foul-smelling discharge PV clinically suspected to have malignancy, but histopathologically turned as xanthogranulomatous granulomatous endometritis.

Objective: The goal of this article was to describe the importance of saving the natural remaining teeth and the fabrication of telescopic dentures as an alternative to the conventional removable dentures, to minimize the complete denture problems. Background: Telescopic dentures consist of an inner or primary telescopic coping which is permanently cemented to an abutment and an outer or secondary telescopic coping which is attached to the prosthesis. These copings protect the abutment from dental caries and thermal irritations and also provide retention and stabilization of the secondary coping. The secondary coping engages the primary copings to form a telescopic unit and it provides retention and stability to the prosthesis. Materials and Methods: An impression was made with a polyvinyl siloxane elastomer after preparation of the abutments and primary copings were fabricated on the cast . After evaluating the fit of the primary copings on the abutments, they were cemented with glass ionomer cement. An impression of the cemented primary copings was made for the fabrication of secondary copings with retention beads, which were attached to the prosthesis. Conclusion: Telescopic overdentures have better retention and stability as compared to complete dentures, they improve the chewing efficiency and the comfort of the patient and they also decrease the alveolar bone resorption.

Background: Nowadays, malware samples are automatically created by a custom crimeware toolkit that essentially creates a batch of functionally of the same malware in a different look using different obfuscation techniques and renders static signature-based detection. While there has been substantial research in automated malware classification, it remains challenging in the research community and the main role of crime ware toolkits in the explosion of crime ware has been ignored. Objective(s): Although such approaches have shown satisfactory performance on a large set of datasets, practical defense systems require precise detection during malware outbreaks where only a handful of samples created using a certain toolkit are available. The problem of toolkit signature generation and detection aims at detecting whether a binary file is created by a given toolkit or not. It has many security applications including signature generation and detection for crime ware toolkits, packers, and metamorphism engines. Methods: This paper presents a novel deep learning-based model for malware toolkit signature generation and detection. The method uses a deep belief network (DBN), implemented with a deep stack of denoising auto encoders trained by the fixed-target strategy for generating an effective toolkit signature that helps detect new malware samples generated using the same toolkit once a handful of malware samples are available. Results: The results show how powerful the toolkit signatures generated by the DBN allow for the accurate detection of new malware samples. Using a dataset containing a few training samples created by the same toolkit (Zeus), our method achieves up to 97% detection accuracy using 10 training samples and 1800 test samples, 0.002 sec average detection time (including sample preprocessing time), and 3.08 sec average model build time. Additionally, we introduce a novel concept of toolkit signature.

Background: Dinder National Park (DNP) is characterized by three ecological systems and these are meadows, riverine and dahara. These variations in habitat have resulted in wide distribution and high diversity of fauna and flora (1). Objective: The objective of the present study is to document the diversity of flora of the Dinder National Park in 2018 and 2019 in 4 meadows. Method: Standard collection and identification methods were used for plants. Results: During the study period, a total of 29 plant species, representing from 15 families, in 11 orders were recorded. The dominant families were Fabaceae and Poaceae. The phenology of flora revealed 71% of herbs, perennial herb and shrub forming 7% each. The annual weeds, grass, perennial grass, sub-shrub and trees represented 3% for each. Conclusion: There was a great diversity in species composition and families. It showed variations in species and families within the same medow among the years. Also, there were variations in species and families between the meadows.

Fibrous dysplasia is a developmental disorder of bone that can present in a monostotic or polyostotic form. Primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, it accounts for 7% of benign bone tumors. Many of the asymptomatic lesions are found incidentally; the remainder present with symptoms of swelling, deformity, or pain. Fibrous dysplasia has been associated with multiple endocrine and nonendocrinedisorders and with McCune-Albright and Mazabraud’s syndromes. The etiology remains unclear, but molecular biology suggests a mutation in the Gsα subunit andactivation of c-fos and other proto-oncogenes. Fibrous dysplasia has characteristicradiographic appearance. Most cases do not require intervention, but those that dousually are managed surgically with curettage, bone grafting, and, in some cases, internal fixation. When some intervention is necessary but surgery is not practical, treatment is with bisphosphonates. The prognosis generally is good, although pooroutcomes are more frequent in younger patients and in those with polyostotic formsof the disease. The risk of malignant transformation is low. We report a case of unilateral monostotic fibrous dysplasia in a 19 year old female in a proximal femur with pathological neck fracture with Shepherd' crook deformity. The patient underwent a curettage of lesions combined with dynamic hip screw fixation and bone grafting. The patient was followed up in the outpatient department(opd),x rays was taken, signs of radiological healing was noted Partial weight-bearing was allowed at three months postoperatively and full weight-bearing at six months with no restriction in the activity. After six months, the patient was able to perform all activities without any difficulty. No evidence of recurrence was noted in the follow-up x-rays. After five years of follow up, implant exit done along with fibular strut graft done

Introduction: Induction of labour implies the artificial initiation of uterine contraction in a quiescent uterus by any method like medical, surgical or combined prior to their spontaneous onset.one of the most common indication for labour induction is prolonged pregnancy, which is associated with many of the fetal complications. present study compares effectiveness and safety of induction of labour with mifepristone and with misoprostol. Aim and objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of oral mifepristone with that of oral misoprostol in induction of labour at term. Materials and methods: This was a comperative study involving 100 women with term gestation, women were divided alternatively into two groups with 50 in each group(group 1 mifepristone 200mg given ,group 2 misoprostol 25mcg was given) .The primary outcome measures were successful vaginal delivery ,induction to delivery interval and secondary outcome measures were failed induction ,mode of delivery, birth weight, meconium stained liquor ,fetal distress ,NICU admission ,primary post partum haemorrhage Results: The mean age of women in group 1 and group 2 was 23.16 and 22.72 years respectively .The mean BMI in both the group was similar (22.63kg/m2 and 22.27 kg/m2) The mean induction to delivery was 31.86 hours in group 1 and in group 2 16.11 hours .this is statistically significant in both groups with favourable and unfavourable cervix(p=.00001) Conclusion: we concluded that oral mifepristone seems as effective as oral misoprostol for induction of labour at term, misoprostol was responsible for meconium stained liquor in most of the cases, which was less with mifepristone, so better neonatal outcomes when compared to misoprostol.

Concept of Srotasa-sharira forms an important part of Sharira-rachana. Srotamsi are not just the passages for flow of various substances but they are specific in their functions. They serve as medium through which both nutrients and biological waste products are transported. The cause of morbidity and their manifestation pertaining to diseases has been explained with reference to each of the Srotas. Both Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have given top priority to Pranavaha Srotas. Acharya Charaka has opined that Pranavaha Srotas are the channels through which Pranavayu moves. Though Brihatrayeekaras have mentioned wide range of herbs for treatment of Pranavaha Sroto Vikara, drugs like Shati, Pushkaramoola, Haritaki, Trikatu, Brihati, Kantakari, Tamalaki, Tulasi, Pippali, Amalaki, Hingu and Ela are very frequently mentioned for the treatment of different Pranavaha Sroto vikara. Rasaushadhis by virtue of their broad spectrum therapeutic activity exert instant results and thus plays a vital role in prevention of complications and early recovery from the illness and also improved quality of life.

Background: Good health is one of the requirements and expectation of every nation that care for the welfare of her citizens and hence an indicator of productive life, socially and economically balanced society. Access to healthcare facilities could be determined in terms of, availability of medical industry in an area, location of healthcare facilities, quality of services offered by health workers and affordability of medical bills. Socio-economic status (SES) can be looked upon as class standing of an individual or group. This study examined the relationship that exists between SES and access to healthcare. Methods: The study was done at five (5) Model Primary Health Centers (MPHC), drawn by ballot from the pool of 14 MPHC, using a cross sectional quasi experimental design. The sample size of 212 respondents was proportionally and statistically distributed among the five selected MPHC. The data were generated with an interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire. Analysis was done with SPSS (17.0) package. Results: Female gender (60%) are the majority, with most of the respondent within aged 31-40 years. Majority of the respondent were educated. The socio-economic characteristics that were significantly associated with access to healthcare were education (rho = 0.493; p-value = 0.000), income level (rho = 0.249; p-value = 0.000); gender (rho = 0.940; p-value = 0.000). Conclusions: The study revealed that SES is significantly related to access to healthcare; and healthcare facilities should be located nearer to the people with minimal class and political considerations that may disadvantage the poor masses.

Moringa oleifera Lam (Family Moringaceae) are broadly used in traditional system of medicine throughout different part of sub-Himalayan tracts of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afganistan. Moringa olefira also known as horse radish tree and drum stick tree. It used in the treatment of infections disease, gastric cancer and gastric ulcer. It is very important to standardize the plant part pharmacognostically for its utilization in different formulation. Herbal medicine prepare different part of plant are used. Herbal drug is design as the alternative formulation for the external use in the form of ointment. For the clinical use the herbal ointment apply externally on human body. The main aims of this research are Preliminary physico–phytochemical & phyto–cognostical evaluation of the leaves parts and preparation of herbal ointment from the Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringa oleifera Lam. plants used as antibacterial activity. Under this research work, it is design as herbal ointment with the help of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam and determines the anti bacterial capacity on it. In vitro study the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extracts of dried leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam are determine by using the Agar cup plate method versus different bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc. By blending the methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (10 % w/w) into aqueous cream we formulated herbal ointment. The emulsifying agent and simple ointment bases are added in above herbal ointment for increase the antibacterial effectiveness during in vitro evaluation. The current study deals with the characterization of morphological features, determination of physical constant such as the total ash value, Acid insoluble ash water soluble ash value were 3.65%,1.61%,1.81% respectively. Loss of weight drying was 5.45%, the percent yield for petroleum ether 1.95%, chloroform 4.11%, methanol 6.8% and aqueous 4.74% and determination of formulation and evaluation of herbal ointment using Moringa oleifera Lam leave extract. Also determine the presence or absence of phytochemical such as alkaloids, steroids, saponins, proteins, flavanoids, tannins, carbohydrates.

Background: One of the limiting factors of cotton production in West Africa, particularly in Togo, is drought. Identifying the resistant varieties and understanding the mechanisms involved in their resistance is a fundamental asset for the breeder. Objectives: Theaims of this research were to: (i) compare the resistant and susceptible varieties under water deficit conditions on the agro morphological and biochemical levels and (ii) identify the traits responsible for water deficit resistance. Methods: Twelve varieties of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were studied under two water regimes (normal and deficit during flowering), in 30 L plastic pots, under controlled sowing conditions, following a split-plot design with three replications. The observations were made on agromorphological and biochemical characteristics. Results: The results showed that water deficit decreased seed cotton production (-23%), aerial biomass (-29%), root biomass (-41%), vegetative branches bolls (-49,56), root volume (-26,34%), and chlorophyll content (-79% to 79%). On the other hand, the water deficit increased the average weight of the bolls (+23%). The resistant varieties to the water deficit were characterized by an increase in the primary root length (variety X148), the chlorophyll concentration (variety STONE 907), the lateral root number, and proline content (variety BRS 286), and a decrease in the MDA content (STONE 907). The susceptible varieties were characterized by high MDA content (variety NTALL88) and a low lateral root number (variety Deltatpine SL Frego). Conclusion: STONE 907, BRS286, and X148 can be used as progenitors in crossing programs to improve the water deficit resistance of cotton varieties grown in Togo and West African countries.

Introduction: Hospital acquired infections have caused high morbidity and mortality, of which central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSI) account for high costs and prolonged hospital stay. As per CDC guidelines CLABSI is defined as “a laboratory confirmed blood stream infection in a patient who had a central line within the 48 hours before the development of the blood stream infection and that is not related to an infection at another site”. Objectives: To determine the incidence of CLABSI in the PICU and the risk factors associated with it. Material and methods: Among 72 children with central venous catheters in the PICU, with new onset sepsis, two sets of blood samples, one percutaneously and other from catheter hub were collected. The samples were cultured by Bactec method. Catheter tips were sent for culture at the time of removal. Data collection was done and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: 4 children (5.6%) had CLABSI. The incidence density of CLABSI was 6.6 per 1000 central line days. Of the 4 CLABSIs, 2 cases grew Candida and 1 each grew Staphylococcus aureus and E coli. The mean duration of hospital stay in CLABSI and no CLABSI cases was 15.25+7.2 and 11.78+3.48 days respectively. The length of hospital stay was found to be statistically significant with the incidence of CLABSI. Conclusion: The incidence density of CLABSI was 6.6 per 1000 central line days. The duration of hospital stay was found to have statistically significant association with CLABSI incidence.

Economic sanctions have become the main tool for policymakers to tackle geopolitical challenges such as terrorism and conflict. Sanctions can be in the form of travel bans, asset freezes, arms embargoes, and trade restrictions. Critics often perceive sanctions as being poorly conducted and rarely successful, this could be portrayed as one of the major downfalls on International Law. On the other hand, supporters would argue that recent conflicts have been contained with effective economic sanctions and that it remains an essential foreign policy tool. This paper examines what constitutes sanctions and focuses on practical instances where they have been used in the promotion of Human Rights. It will also examine the alternatives available to economic sanctions since the imposition of such measures could have detrimental effects on human beings and their basic needs.

DNA is present in most of the cells in our body, which is unique in each and everyindividual, and we leave a trail of it everywhere we go. This has become an advantagefor forensic investigators who use DNA to draw conclusion in identification of victimand accused in crime scenes. Chorionic villi are villi that sprout from the chorion to provide maximal contact area with maternal blood.They are an essential element in pregnancy from a histomorphology perspective, and are, by definition, a product of conception. Branches of the umbilical arteries carry embryonic blood to the villi. After circulating through the capillaries of the villi, blood returns to the embryo through the umbilical vein. Thus, villi are part of the border between maternal and foetal blood during pregnancy.Child sexual abuse is one of the major problems of India. In regard to this problem, a special law has been enacted named as Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) with a view to protect the rights of children. Undoubtedly, passing of this Act has been a major step in securing children’s right. In the present case a girl child of aged about 11 years was sexually abused by her school teacher. Upon arising of symptoms her mother doubted and asked the child about facts. Mother took her to the doctor where she tested positive for 9 weeks pregnancy, subsequently a FIR was lodged in a Mahila P.S of District. As it was not feasible to deliver in such a minor age, a legal abortion was carried out upon intervention of hon’ble trial court. The product of conceptus (Chorionic villi) along with reference blood samples of accused and victim were received in Forensic Science Laboratory, Bihar, Patna for establishing paternity. The DNA examiners team at FSL, Patna experienced first time such kind of sample and took it as a challenge. The sample of chorionic villi were subjected to DNA extraction using Automate DNA Extraction Prepfiler Express method and DNA from reference Blood Samples were extracted separately. The DNA were further subjected to Quantitation using 7500 RT PCR instrument and Quantifiler Duo amplification kit followed with 16 STR multiplexing using 9700 PCR machine and Identifiler plus amplification kit. The amplified DNA were subjected to 3130, 4-capillary Genetic Analyzer for fragment analysis.The conclusion revealed that the accused found to be biological father of the product of conceptus(chorionic villi) and upon submission of detailed report, the hon’ble trial court sentenced accused for Death Penalty.

The different species of Rhododendron are naturally bestowed in the Sikkim where Rhododendron thomsonii Hook. f is one of these. It is a beautiful plant having blood red flowers in the corymb. The collected plant specimens were examined and studied in reference to the type habitat and adjoining areas. After more than a century, the collected species from the type habitat was studied and found some variations which are included in this writing. The paper proposed the two subspecies Rhododendron thomsonii Hook.f subsp rubra ssp. nov. and Rhododendron thomsonii Hook.f subsp yumthangenesis ssp. nov. for the taxonomic usages along with new reporting of Rhododendron thomsonii subsp. lopsangianum (Cowan) D. F. Chamberlain in Sikkim Himalaya.

This study discusses the influence of internal auditor competence, and dysfunctional behavior of internal auditors on the quality of internal auditors and their implications for internal auditor performance (study on the State General Inspectorate/ Inspecção Geral do Estado Dili Timor Leste, this study shows that;Auditor competence affects the quality of internal audit, meaning that the more competence of an auditor can improve the quality of the audit carried out by the auditor. Meanwhile, the Auditor's Dysfunctional Behavior does not affect Internal Audit Quality. The results of this study also show a negative and insignificant influence of dysfunctional behavior on audit quality. This means that the auditor at the agency carries out its function as an independent auditor, producing quality audit reports. Auditor competence affects the performance of internal auditors. Auditor competence has a positive and significant effect on auditor performance. This means that if an internal auditor is given full competency with high and independent knowledge, he will be able to improve the auditor's performance. Effect of Dysfunctional Behavior on Auditor Performance. The results of the study show that Dysfunctional Behavior has no positive and insignificant effect on Auditor Performance. This means that if the auditor's behavior shown by an auditor is based on his function and complies with applicable auditing standards and avoids deviant behavior or manipulating audit activities, it will be able to improve the auditor's work performance. Effect of Audit Quality on Auditor Performance. Audit Quality has a positive and significant effect on Auditor Performance. This means that as the increasing quality of the audit carried out by an auditor, the auditor's performance will increase. And also the better the quality achieved by an internal auditor, the better the audit performance. The first path analysis test shows that the intervening variables in this study can strengthen the relationship between Internal Auditor Competence and Internal Auditor Performance. The second path analysis test shows that the intervening variables in this study can strengthen the relationship between Auditor Dysfunctional Behavior and Internal Auditor Performance

There is significant variation in the knowledge and attitude of health workers relating to the vaccination of HBV infection. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the knowledge and attitude of health workers towards HBV infection and its vaccination in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah. A cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting 53 health workers in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah. The data for this study was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, based on Likert scale (Yes, No, Not Sure). The data entry and analysis for this study was carried on using Statistical Package for Social Science. Majority of the health workers (84.9%) were aware that HBV can be acquired from patients. Moreover, 75.5% were aware of HBV vaccine and that it helps in preventing the development of HBV. Majority of the health workers (94.3%) believed that their jobs puts them at risk of contracting HBV infection. The study has concluded that level of knowledge among the health workers was satisfactory and it was significantly associated with positive attitudes toward vaccination.

In India, 69 %-70% population is living in rural areas where cow (Bos indicus) is principal cattle. Total Milk producing Cows in India are about 80 million and non-milk producing cows are on the order of 30 million each generates 9–15 kg dung/day. On an average in India from the non-milk producing cows 8x107 kg per day cow dung is produced. One of the serious social problems is the waste generated from stray cows and gaushalas which is not only source of solid pollutants but also run off liquid along with gaseous emission, some of which are either hazardous, lethal or mutagenic or even poisonous, or pathogenic in nature. The solutions for this major problem due to either pollution or disposal of solid wastes can be overcome by the synthesis of some of the worth-mentioning products which include bio-plastics, or bio-textiles,α-cellulose, pulp, paper and card boards for sustainable packaging,, bio-gas, bio-oils and fermentation products like ethanol, bio-composting and bio-fertilizers (N-P-K), nano-cellulose and MFC, microbial products (bacteria and enzymes), activated carbon, and fillers, bricks, silica, ceramics, and silicon-based semiconductors. In this present paper a review is made on these invaluable products with special emphasis on bio polymers and polymers from the ligno-cellulosic part of the cow dung, which in turn consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and sometimes starch also. It is important to mention that based on recent survey the total amount of lignocellulosic part (sum of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) in cow dung in India is reported on the order of 52%.

The paper attempts to analyze and compare Bhutan’s GNH development philosophy with the UN’s SDG and MDG development strategies. The most common parameters of GNH have been compared through a thorough examination of the conceptual foundation and interrelations of GNH, SGDs, and MDGs to development. Further, the achievements and challenges of implementing GNH, SDGs, and MDGs are reviewed and studied. Data on such variables are collected by desk reviewing of past studies, reports, books, and journal articles on GNH, SDGs, and MDGs by different researchers, authors, and writers to establish the interconnections and distinctions. The paper concludes that GNH may be seen as a gimmick but it is a balanced, holistic and shared development philosophy, which has brought real gains in guiding policy directions to Bhutan’s overarching long-term strategies and five-year development plans. Likewise, MDGs are ambitious, yet it is a touchstone for universal development policy for UN member nations since 2000, and have succeeded in lifting society from extreme poverty, reducing hunger, enabling more girls to attend schools, and protecting our mother earth. Similarly, SDGs, UN’s 2030 strategy for sustainable development is a persuasive and inspiring policy for UN member nations, and executing SDGs is not just about providing a future of harmony and dignity, it is more profound and a moment for each nation to consider what connects it as a peaceful nation, and what drives and defines it as a people.

Background: A marine angiosperm named Enhalus acoroides inhabits shallow, soft substrates like muddy or sandy areas. It flourishes above the average low water springs and is generally found in mixed meadows with Thallassia species. The Western Pacific Ocean and tropical Indian coastlines are home to this largest seagrass species. Over the past ten years, Enhalus acoroides has received a lot of attention from marine bioprospecting researchers. Objective: This review provides information on the phytochemical components, and therapeutic properties of Enhalus acoroides. Enhalus acoroides extract yields a variety of compounds when it is dissolved in various solvents, including sugars, terpenoids, coumarins, xanthoproteins, and carboxylic acid. Numerous studies have shown that it has bioactive potentials, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antifouling abilities. This review's goal is to orient readers with Enhalus acoroides' phytochemical makeup and current bioprospecting scenario. Conclusion: Since many epidemics and pandemics are spreading throughout the globe, the demand for alternative sources for drug discovery is an inevitable research area, and seagrass is a reliable natural source, this is an ideal time to conduct additional research on it and discover various pharmacological activities without side effects. This review brings together a thorough collection of phytochemical, and biomedical applications of seagrass Enhalus acoroides from all over the world over the last two decades. The future works that need to be done for identifying biomedical applications of seagrass resources is also highlighted in this review.

The development of hyperkalemia is thought to be significantly associated with the use of ACE inhibitors andARBs. A retrospective observational cohort study conducted was conducted with200 in patients among the study subjects of the age group of 18 years and above. Majority of the cases were males (50.5%) than females (49.5%). Average serum potassium of non-exposed group was found to be 3.9±0.36 mEq/L and exposed group was found to be 4.1±0.5 mEq/L. Average baseline creatinine(mg/dL) of non-exposed group was 1±0.82 mg/dL and exposed group was 0.96 ±0.2 mg/dL. ACEIs were administrated to 1% of the patients (1/100) and ARBs to 99% (99/100). Incidences of hyperkalemia were the highest with the use of losartan (0.92%,2/13), olmesartan (0.85%, 2/14) followed by telmisartan (0.64%, 7/65 persons). The causality assessment of reported ADRs as per the Naranjo scale revealed that 67% were probable, 33% were definite, 0% were possible and unlikely. The Hartwig severity scale showed that all were of mild type and according to the modified Schumock and Thornton scale all were probably preventable there was a significant association between Hyperkalemia and administration of ARBS/ACE –inhibitors (χ2= 11.640, df= 2, p<0.01).

In recent years, China's medical and health industry is in a period of rapid development. With the continuous progress of technology and knowledge in the medical field, the requirements for medical education are becoming stricter.This descriptive study used an adopted questionnaire to survey 436 medical college students of Qilu College of Medicine in Zibo City, Shandong, China, about their mental toughness, academic self-efficacy and learning burnout of the status quo, and to explore the correlation between the three. It also utilized an interview of 10 instructorsfor supplementary data. Results revealed that burnout exists among the student-respondents, although it remains in an unalarming rate. Despite having minor observable issues in their practice, which limit their education under an optimum level, students were also seen as resilient and contented of themselves and their current education. Considering such findings, intervention strategies were proposed to further alleviate academic burnout and promote the finest learning among medical students.