June 2023

Lentil belongs to the Family Fabacaeae, Genus Lens, Species Lens culinaris and Subspecies culinaris. Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. ssp. culinaris) is one of the oldest cultivated plants that originated in the Near East arc and Asia Minor. This cool season legume crop is an excellent food source to provide energy, proteins and iron in the human diet. Cultivated lentil is a self-pollinated diploid plant with 2n = 2x = 14 chromosomes and a genome size of 4 Gbp. The lentil is an edible legume. It is an annual plant known for its lens-shaped seeds. It is about 40 cm tall, and the seeds grow in pods, usually with two seeds in each. As a food crop, the largest producer is Canada, producing 45% of the world's total lentils. Many different names in different parts of the world are used for the crop lentil. The first use of the word lens to designate a specific genus was in the 17th century by the botanist Tournefort. The word "lens" for the lentil is of classical Roman or Latin origin, possibly from a prominent Roman family named Lentulus, just as the family name "Cicero" was derived from the chickpea, Cicer arietinum, or "Fabia" (as in Quintus Fabius Maximus) from the fava bean (Vicia faba). Types can be classified according to their size, whether they are split or whole, or shelled or unshelled. Seed coats can range from light green to deep purple, as well as being tan, grey, brown, black or mottled. Shelled lentils show the colour of the cotyledon which can be yellow, orange, red, or green. Lentils are often categorized by their color, which can range from yellow and red to green, brown, or black. This species has been cultivated for 10,000 years in several regions worldwide, especially in West Asia, Australia, North and South America, Mediterranean basin, Middle East, and in the Indian sub-continent. It is a valuable human food, mostly consumed as dry seeds (whole decorticated, seed decorticated and split). In Indian sub-continent mostly consumed as ‘Dal’ by removal of outer skin and separation of cotyledons, snacks and soup preparation etc. It is easy to cook and easily digestible with high biological value, hence also referred to patient. Dry leaves, stems, empty and broken pods are used as valuable cattle feed. Lentils are a good source of protein, dietary fibre, vitamin B, iron, and phosphorus. Thus far, lentil breeders have been successful in improving some easily manageable monogenic traits using conventional breeding techniques of selection and recombination. However, these conventional techniques are insufficient to address economic traits like seed yield due to polygenic inheritance and genotype-environment interaction. Cultivated lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus ssp. culinaris) is the third most important cool-season grain legume in the world after chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). In this review article on Origin, Domestication, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Breeding, Uses, Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Chickpea are discussed.

Introduction: In the past few years mobile phones have become indispensable part of communication not only among common people but also among doctors and other Health care workers (HCW) in hospitals. Mobile phones are rarely disinfected and as a result devices have potential for contamination with various bacterial agents and leads to hospital associated infection and becomes gateway of infection in hospitals. Aims and Objective: To study Bacteriological profile of surface of mobile phones used in hospitals and knowledge, attitude & practice (KAP) study was done to know educational status of health care workers about use of mobile phones. Methodology: This was hospital based cross-sectional study on 200 subjects using mobile phones in tertiary level hospital. Set predesigned questionnaires were filled by HCW. Swab samples were taken from surface of mobile phones and microbial flora were detected by standard methods. Result: Out of 200 samples, amongst pathogenic microorganism Citrobacter -50 (25%), Staphylococcus aureus - 23 (11.5%), Pseudomonas spp. -5 (2.5%), Klebsiella spp. - 2 (1%), Escherichia coli - 1 (0.5%), Acinetobacter spp. -1 (0.5%) were isolated in culture and in 12.5% cases Polymicrobial infection was seen. Conclusion: There is recommendation of restricted use of mobile phones in high risk areas of hospitals. HCW should keep their mobile phones in sterilised bags for emergency use and regular cleaning of mobile phones with disinfectants is recommended.

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) belongs to the Family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae , genus Pisum and species Pisum sativum L. Several varieties of P. sativum have been bred. Widely cultivated examples include: 1) Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon is commonly known as the Snow pea and 2) Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon ser. cv. is known as the sugar snap pea. There are three different types of peas, each suited to different ways of eating them - snap peas, snow peas, and shelling peas. Pisum is an ancient Latin name for the well-known pea. Sativum means “planted,” or, more literally, “that which is sown”. Common Names of pea are dry pea, Chinese pea, Chinese pea pod, Chinese snow pea, edible pod pea, podded pea, snow pea, sugar snap pea. As one of the most ancient crops in the world, pea played an important role in the introduction of agriculture in post-glacial Europe, often representing the main pulse in the diets of local communities across the continent. It is consumed as fresh vegetable or dry seed throughout the world. It is also one of the most popular vegetables grown for home use by home gardeners. Peas are cultivated both in agriculture (field peas) and horticulture (garden peas) and are used for both for fodder and food, either grown to full maturity or eaten as a fresh vegetable. Peas can be bought fresh, canned, or frozen, and dried peas are commonly used in soups. Some varieties, including sugar peas and snow peas, produce pods that are edible and are eaten raw or cooked like green beans; they are popular in East Asian cuisines. Domesticated about 11,000 years ago or so, peas are an important human and animal food crop cultivated throughout the world. Pisum sativum L; 2n=2x=14) also commonly known as English pea or green pea and is a commonly grown leguminous vegetable in the world. Pea is pollinated due to cleistogamous flower structure and has less than percent out crossing. The seeds are dispersed when the pod reaches maturity and bursts open. It scatters the peas over as wide a distance as it is possible for the plant. Field peas or "dry peas" are marketed as a dry, shelled product for either human or livestock food, unlike the garden pea, which is marketed as a fresh or canned vegetable. The major producing countries of field peas are Russia and China, followed by Canada, Europe, Australia and the United States. Major production states are UP, Bihar Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa and Karnataka. It is worthwhile to mention that large scale production of vegetable peas for international market is still based largely on old varieties. Arkel introduced in India in 1970s still holds ground and is a household name in vegetable pea growers and consumers. In this review article on Origin, Domestication, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Breeding, Uses, Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of pea are discussed.

Anemia is a major global public health problem, especially in children and reproductive age women, affecting both developed and developing country. Vitamin B12 or Cobalamin (Cbl) is a water soluble vitamin. Cobalamin is synthesized by microorganisms present in the environment and in the intestines of animals. Pancytopenia is the reduction below the normal values of all the three peripheral linages of the blood namely erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets. It is known that vitamin B12 deficiency causes megaloblastic anaemia as cobalamin is essential for the production of erythrocytes. Adolescents form the transition span of life between childhood and adulthood. Along with the growth spurt and the other changes associated with adolescence, the basic demand for nutrient supply also increases tremendously. Iron deficiency anaemia being the most common cause of anaemia, we wanted to study the correlation of pancytopenia and vitamin B12 deficiency in anaemic adolescents. 40 anaemic adolescents were enrolled in the study. The study shows there is a significant correlation between pancytopenia and Vitamin B12 deficiency.

Stem cells are known for their ability of self-renewal and their potential of differentiation into mature cell types. These are present in almost all the multi-cellular organisms and are primitive cells. These cells have tremendous capacity for regeneration and can be utilized to repair as well as replace the demaged cells and can be used to transform the treatment options for cases like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease as well as for cancer and paralysis.If left untreated the periodontal disease can eventually lead to disease progression, leading to loss of tooth mainly in patients who are highly susceptible. Recently introduced Stem cells and tissue engineering have tremendous ability for treating the periodontal disease. After suitable stimulation, stem cells can differentiate into numerous cell types, possessing the regenerative potential. In cases of periodontal regeneration, MSCs provide the most promising results and have been tested in vitro as well as in vivo. Hence, this review discusses different stem cells, their uses as well as concise information on the stem cell based therapy used for the periodontal regeneration.

The body tape cities The aim of the study is to analyse the adjust mental differences occurred in the marital life among middle aged couples during COVID-19. The size of the sample was 338 middle aged adults, including females (N=283) and males (N=82) . Convenient sampling method was used to select participants. Questionnaire method was used to collect data. Marital Adjustment questionnaire (Kumar and Rohatgi, 1976) was used to assess marital adjustment and self developed personal data sheet was used to collect personal information. Data was entered and analysed through SPSS version 25. Study found that age, gender, and duration of marital life years do not influence the marital adjustment of middle aged couples.

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a type of brain inflammation where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues in the brain or spinal cord. It is a rare, complex disease with incidence of 1 in 100000 population that can cause rapid changes in both physical and mental health. It has multiple etiologies.AE was recognized as a disease relatively recently. Because of this, some doctors may not be familiar with this condition, and it may be misdiagnosed as a psychiatric or neurological disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to minimizing both short- and long-term complications of this disease. We hereby present to you an interesting case of a 30 year old female with symptoms similar to a wide spectrum of Neurological diseases. Nevertheless to our surprise it came out to be a one in one lakh cases.

Introduction:The Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) method is a humane, low cost, standardized, protocol-predicated care system for preterm and ∕ or Low Birth Weight (LBW) infants and is predicated on skin-to-skin contact between the preterm baby and the mother and exclusive breastfeeding.1Compared with conventional neonatal care, KMC was found to reduce mortality at discharge, Severe infection/sepsis, nosocomialinfections, lower respiratory tract disease, Hypothermia and length of hospital stay, Improved weight, length and head circumference, increased breastfeeding rates, Better mother-infant bonding and maternal satisfaction with the method of care, as compared with conventional methods. Material and Methods: This was a hospital based randomized controlled trail study. We studied inborn and out born babies admitted in NICU of Bal Chikitsalaya, R.N.T. Medical College, Udaipur with sample size of 100 in control group (who received conventional care in a radiant warmer) and 100 in KMC group after approval of Institutional Ethics committee. Result: Babies who were provided KMC achieved significantly better growth at the end of the study when their increase in the weight, length and head circumference was compared at the end of the study. The time to start breast feeding was significantly higher in KMC group. Most babies in KMC group were exclusively breast fed at 40weeks. A significantly higher number of babies in the CMC group suffered from hypothermia, hypoglycemia and apnea (<1500g).KMC significantly reduced the incidence of apnea in VLBW babies. Babies who were given KMC discharged earlier with significantly reduced duration of hospital stay by ≈5days. Conclusion: The low birth weight infants offered KMC demonstrated higher growth rates and were discharged earlier. KMC prevented or reduced almost all morbidities of low birth weight infant. It also promotes exclusive breastfeeding practice and increases mother's confidence in handling small babies and builds good mother-baby bonding. KMC should be promoted and mothers should be encouraged to start it as soon as their LBW babies are stable.

Introduction: Inguinal hernia is one of the commonest surgical pathology. India is known to have hard labourers leading to high-risk factor of acquiring hernia by a parietal defect. The challenge is respecting the principal objectives of a hernia repair without expensive prosthetic material. One principal technique has been developed and used with satisfied results: The Desarda technique. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE-To fulfill all the principles of hernia repair Objective: suppress hernia, reduce post operative pain and recurrence using Desarda repair in a sub urban town of north India. Methods: A Case series study in 40 open inguinal hernia repair patients done between March 2021 to March 2022 and followed till August 2022 in JLNMCH, Bhagalpur Inclusion criteria- Male patients having Inguinal hernia in the age group of 25-50 years Exclusion criteria-Inguinal hernia with complications, recurrent inguinal hernia, previous contralateral hernia repair, previous abdominal surgery, female, children, obese patients, elderly male, patients with bladder outlet obstruction/chronic constipation/chronic cough/other co-morbidities PROCEDURE-The repair is done using a flap of the external oblique aponeurosis sutured to the inguinal ligament below and to the aponeurotic part of the internal oblique muscle above. Results: Most of the patients were well and discharged on post operative day1. Complications encountered in post operative period and patient follow-up include urine retention and post operative pain and minimal incidence of hematoma, seroma, wound infection and recurrence. Conclusion: Inguinal hernia is public health disease. The socioeconomic context is important here. The tension-free repairs without mesh using Desarda technique avoids the risk of mesh-related complications, low rate of recurrence, postoperative pain, less suture material used, reduced hospital stay and cost inexpensive thus an effective way of open hernia repair.

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disorders in the world. The global burden of NAFLD is estimated to be as high as one billion. NAFLD is the presence of fat accumulation in hepatocytes when other secondary causes like heavy alcohol consumption is not present. The standard diagnostic test of fatty liver disease is liver biopsy. Liver biopsy is an invasive procedure. A potentially non-invasive method used as an alternative to liver biopsy for diagnosis of fibrosis and hepatic steatosis is the measurement of liver stiffness using transient elastography. Material and methods: It was a prospective study of 72 patients visiting Gastro and Medicine OPD of RNT medical college Udaipur. Suspected patients of fatty liver disease screened with ultrasonography. Those with fatty liver disease taken into study and screened for fibrosis using non-invasive methods Fibro scan, CBC, LFT, TSH level, B12 level, HbA1c level and compared with ultrasonography grading of fatty liver. Results: In this study, out of 72 patients 47 patients had grade 1, 17 had grade 2 and 8 had grade 3 fatty liver. Maximum number of patients were in age group 41-60. Male patients predominates than females. In this study more BMI patients had high fibrosis grading by ultrasonography or fibro scan both. With progression of fibrosis there was elevation of SGOT, SGPT levels. In this study we observed that with advancing fibrosis there is high RBS and HbA1c level. Also observed that with high fibrosis value there is reduction in platelets count. Conclusion: Male has higher prevalence of NAFLD in the age group 41-60. Significant relation observed with RBS, HbA1c, SGOT, SGPT, HDL, LDL, TG, PT/INR, and prevalence of fatty liver by USG and Fibro scan. Also observed that Fibro scan helps in diagnosing advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis prior to ultrasonography.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in both developed and underdeveloped countries, comprising 23%of all female cancers around the globe, with an estimated 1.15 million cases diagnosed in 2002. The present study aimed to explore the attitude of South Indian women reading breast cancer and its prevention strategies. The data collected from 320 samples with a help of attitude questionnaire. A stratified random sampling technique adopted in the present study. The result of the study shows 23.75% of women had a neutral attitude towards breast cancer and it prevention. The study also indicated that there is a significant relationship between attitude with age (p=0.03), attitude with educational status (p=0.043). Early diagnosis and treatment act as a preventive measure for breast cancer. Nurse-led clinics are a novel concept in cancer care, so these clinics can serve as a driving force in improving the attitude of the public regarding breast cancer and its prevention.

Work is a defining element of human existence. It is the way to keep us alive and meet basic needs. But it is also an activity through which people affirm their identity, in relation to themselves and in relation to those around them. Work is crucial for individual choice, the well-being of families and the stability of societies. In Burkina, we have almost 3 226 627 persons are living with disabilities as almost 6.48% of the total population, according to the data of the Ministery of women of national solidarity of the family and humanitarian action. According to the results of a study by the Ministry of Youth, Vocational Training and Employment (MYVTE) in collaboration with the International Labor Office (ILO), people with disabilities have less access to education (27%) compared to people without disabilities (31%). Also PWD are more affected by unemployment (5.6%) compared to people without disabilities (3.3%); and people with disabilities are more present in precarious salaried jobs (21%) compared to people without disabilities (13%). This means that PWD faced an employability problem. These low rates explain the fact that even working people with disabilities are often under-employed and relegated to low-skilled, low-paid jobs with little or no social and legal security. Indeed, what are the different factors which are causing these low rates? In order to look for the reasons for these low rates, we will by this research look for the profiles characteristics of the persons principally the youth with disabilities in Ouagadougou, koudougou and Bobo Dioulasso. With a main goal which is to analyze the situation of the youth with a disability (YWD) according to the criteria of level of study and employability in order to enhance their lifestyle instead of letting their self-confidence affected because it may discourage or even making them feeling different and could make them give up their activity. Normally the youth, without difference even with their disability has the right and the need to work to earn a living, support their families, benefit from community recognition, and improve their self-confidence and realize their life.

Digital media today are facilitating factors for interpersonal exchange, for sharing data between groups, members of institutions, residents of the same country and the world in general. This equipment, which is undergoing rapid technological progress, is similar to the equipment used to measure the performance of software or programs, whose compilation of several languages gives us a platform working with different objectives. Among these platforms there are digital social networks that refer to software processors and transmit the data of several people according to the sender and the receiver at the same time. These NSN are becoming an addiction for many users, with more than 4.5 billion users worldwide, the majority of whom are young. These tools that interconnect, assist in learning, free and paid training, are also marketing tools for some entrepreneurs. However, they are also a source of remoteness, isolation, occupation of time and dependence in a word for its users. Used all over the world, Burkinabe learners do not stay on the sidelines of this technological push that runs the streets. From the youngest to the oldest, from the least educated to the most educated, Whats App, Facebook, Tiktok and so on become the words of the vogue, used as the name of club and restaurants and whose sole purpose is to gather, attract, in short to be fashionable. These Burkinabe learners will say no more about the benefits of these NHRs in their school environment, in university life or in the quest for knowledge and employment.

Objective: Nowadays, people are busy with their work from the start of the day throughout. Every day when people return from work, especially who are doing their work on the computer for the whole day: they just get tired of operating the devices like computers or mobile phones. So, all they need is their stuff or information at a glance. While people are getting ready, or when people are there in the bathroom or near the sink, they cannot use their mobile phones.As people use a mirror while they are getting ready, but what if this mirror gives them every possible information they want. So, we are building up a” Smart Mirror” which gives daily weather updates, news, schedules, alarms, reminders and many more features. So, while a person is getting ready, at the same time, he/she can get all the required information and it will be helpful to the people who often forget the schedules and things. Also, near the sink, in the washroom/bathroomif there is a mirror like this, a person may not require to take their phones there. Using this mirror, one can get updates as well as live video streaming, education videos, multimedia activities can also be made available.

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome of bacteremia with systemic signs and symptoms of infection in the first 4 weeks of life1. Most common micro-organisms causing neonatal bacteremia are Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Group B streptococci3 etc. Bacteremia in Obstetric patients is also a major health concern leading to ICU admission &leades to maternal mortality worldwide 9. Objective: This study was done to analyse gram negative bacteremia and their drug susceptibility pattern among neonates and obstetric patients so that timely appropriate antibiotics therapy be initiated. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Maternal and Child tertiary care hospital from 1 October 2022 to 31 December 2022. Total of 471 suspected case of septicemia were included. Out of 471 patients, 369 (78.34%) patients were pediatrics and 102(21.65%) OBG patients. Blood was collected from suspected cases of bacteremia in Automated blood culture bottles & incubated by automated blood culture system (BD Bactec machine) for 7 days. Positive flagged bottles were processed & species were identified as per standard laboratory protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby bauer disk diffusion method as per CLSI guideline 2022. Result: 43 (9.12%) bottles were culture positive for gram negative bacteria. Most common GNB isolated were Acinetobacter species (37.20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.25%), Escherichia coli (18.60%), Klebsiellapneumoniae (16.27%) and showed resistance to Ampicillin (100%) Amoxicillin-clavulanate (93.02%), Ceftriaxone (76.74%), Ceftazidime (76.74%). They were sensitive to Meropenem (100%), Imipenem (88.38%), Amikacin (95.35%), Gentamicin (74.52%). Conclusion: Acinetobacter were the most common isolated pathogen. Routine surveillance of Antimicrobial profile and Antibiotic sensitivity is required to prevent emergence of drug resistance among bacteria.

Biomedical waste (BMW) is the waste which is generated during Diagnosis, treatment, immunization and biomedical research, according to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2018), approximately 85% biomedical waste is non-hazardous and 15% is hazardous waste to humans, animals and environment (1). Every year, it is estimated that at least 5•2 million people, including 4 million children, die each year because of diseases related to unmanaged medical waste (2). India is one of the largest population countries; the biomedical waste management is one of the toughest challenge and COVID19 pandemic increases the problem even more. The number of persons infected with the COVID 19 is continuously raising throughout the world, to diagnosis and management of the infection, usage of the personal protective equipments like PPE kits, masks, gloves, shoe covers, face shields are increased in the hospitals and discarding of waste generated in home quarantines was also increased. This mini- review, we highlighted the challenges to disposal of biomedical waste during COVID 19 pandemic in India.

Biogas is produced by the anaerobic digestion of organic materials and could be utilized to produce syngas (H2 and CO) via reforming technology such as tri reforming. Biogas tri reforming is a simultaneous combination of endothermic dry reforming and steam reforming with exothermic oxidation of methane, carried out in a single reactor to produce a syngas which is an important gas mixture feedstock to produce chemicals and energy carriers. Then, the process allows overcoming several weaknesses of each individual principal reforming process. This paper presents a literature review on recent achievements in biogas tri reforming process for syngas production in terms of processes description, parameters influencing, kinetics of reactions and Mathematical models and in the term of catalysts appropriate for the tri reforming. For this purpose, a swot analysis is carried out to identify the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities of each model in order to deduce gaps to be filled by the development of new approaches to modelling the tri reforming process.

COVID-19 is a burning issue to the health workers, researchers, and government officials. It creates the biggest crisis to human health and adversely affects the economic growth worldwide. Education sector is badly affected due to COVID-19 pandemic. Worldwide, all schools, colleges, and other higher educational institutions have been closed in an effort to reduce the transmission of the virus. As a result, billions of learners were left out of school and compelled them to stay at home. Under these situations, the online teaching learning is the only way to continue study. But it is very difficult to adjust suddenly to a fully digital online learning mode when all the students are acquainted with classroom teaching and campus environment. In this paper, we performed a survey on the uses of educational technologies in teaching learning during COVID-19 pandemic situation in the state Tripura, India.

The growth of vegetation of any area depends on many factors. One of the most imporatnt factor is soil which is of various types. In this research paper, the physico-chemical attributes which have been chosen are colour, texture, pH, total moisture content, organic carbon, chloride content and calcium carbonate,etc. These samples have been taken from 5 different areas of Ranchi district. Collection of soil samples is the first step which has been done in a proper manner. The samples have been collected upto the depth of 0-25 cm free from any litter and pebbles. The colour of the samples were light brown to dark brown. The texture of the soil sample varied from sandy loam to silty loam. The pH of the collected samples varied between 6. 9 to 7. 4. The moisture content of these soils ranged from 19% to 47%. The chloride content varies from 110. 05mg/l to 532. 5mg/l. The organic matter in the samples were moderate to higher with values ranging from 0. 20% to 2. 81%. The calcium carbonate content of these areas varied from 6% to 13. 5%.

A Fe3+-selective fluorescent probe derived from pyrene derivatives was synthesized and characterized. The fluorescence intensity of the probe at 397 nm was enhanced with the addition of Fe3+. In the range of 1-9μM, there was an obvious linear correlation between the fluorescent intensity and the concentration of Fe3+. The UV-vis spectra also indicated that the binding of between the probe and Fe3+.

Network components between devices and the cloud carry out application-specific functionality in a fog computing architectural style. Healthcare is currently undergoing some of its most fundamental transformations. Wireless sensor technology is one of the forces behind these changes. In addition to providing access to a greater variety of biometric characteristics, sensors are growing smaller so they may be worn without interfering with daily activities. Fog computing's topology, or the geographically dispersed nodes that carry out computation and provide storage and network services, is its defining feature. Access points, routers, and network gateways can incorporate fog computing resources in addition to the standard network features. Instead of transferring IoT data to the cloud, the fog processes and stores it locally at IoT devices. The fog offers services that are more responsive and of higher quality than the cloud. Fog computing may thus be the greatest option for enabling the IoT to offer effective and secure services to a large number of IoT users. By emphasizing the advantages and implementation difficulties, this article demonstrates the state-of-the-art of fog computing and its integration with the IoT. Right now, healthcare is undergoing some of the most significant transformations ever. Wireless sensor technologies are one of the main reasons for these changes. Many of the objects we use on a daily basis may soon be able to connect to the Internet and communicate with one another without the need for human intervention, thanks to the Internet of Things. This review paper examines fog computing and its applications in Healthcare, Cloud Computing and Internet of Things.

Dry related to climate change and insecurity in the Sahel and West Africa may affect the information needs and practices of pastoralists. Knowledge of these practices and information needs is necessary to design and deliver information services that support their resilience. A structured questionnaire including dichotomous, multiple choice and open-ended questions was used to interview 1008 herders, including 530 agropastoralists and 498 pastoralists in Benin and Niger, and eight focus groups were organized on this issue. The results showed that the majority of herders seek information through several sources, with a preference for herders' organizations (64.65% of transboundary transhumants) and elders (52.52% of nationals). More than half of the herders surveyed use simple cell phones and reported significantly (P < 0.01) needing information on a local scale (54.13% of national transhumants), a reduced time step (weekly to decadal), an affordable cost (1 to 30 F CFA) and accessible by phone on natural resources, animal health, mobility conditions and security conditions. This information can be used to design relevant information services, for which we recommend taking into account the environment and the socio-cultural context of the herders.

Primary Heath Centre is the basic health unit which constitutes the corner stone of the rural health care. It’s aim is to provide as close to the people as possible, an integrated curative and preventive health care to the rural population with emphasis on preventive and promotive aspects of health care. Primary Heath Centres all over India and in Anantapuram District played a crucial role in managing the pandemic. Lessons learnt from the COVID‑19 pandemic will help countries strengthen their health system’s response to health emergencies and ensure continuity of care for people through primary health centers.

In the present research work gastro retentive floating matrix formulation of flucloxacillin by using various hydrophilic polymers. Initially analytical method development was done for the drug molecule. Absorption maxima was determined based on that calibration curve was developed by using different concentrations. Gas generating agent sodium bicarbonate concentration was optimized. Then the formulation was developed by using different concentrations of polymers of various natural polymers. The formulation blend was subjected to various preformulation studies, flow properties and all the formulations were found to be good indicating that the powder blend has good flow properties. Among all the formulations the formulation prepared with Guar gum retarded the drug release up to 12 hours in the concentration of 45 mg (F9).The optimized formulation was subjected to invivo studies. From the results of In vivo studies conducted between final optimized formulation and marketed formulation of, it can be concluded that bioavailability of final optimized formulation was higher than the marketed formulation as well as pure drug.

One of dentistry’s primary objectives is the long term maintenance of teeth. Hemisection of a molar is either removal or separation of a root along with its accompanying part of crown .Hemisection. is a suitable treatment option when caries, resorption, perforation, or periodontal damage is extensive in one root while the other root is relatively healthy. Hemisection of the affected tooth helps to retain tooth structure, surrounding alveolar bone, and may also facilitate the placement of fixed prosthesis. This case report describes hemisection as a successful treatment method to save a grossly carious mandibular second molar with severe furcation involvement. Hemisection and prosthetic rehabilitation yielded a satisfactory result.Hence with careful treatment planning and precise surgical management, undesirable consequences of tooth loss were prevented.

This article provides an overview of e-cigarettes, including their history and evolution, benefits and risks for smoking cessation, impact on public health and regulation, controversy surrounding flavored e-cigarettes and their appeal to youth, potential long-term health effects, effectiveness as a harm reduction tool, role in reducing smoking-related health disparities, connection to traditional tobacco products, marketing tactics used by companies which manufacture them and its particular effect on consumer behavior, and their potential role in the future of smoking and nicotine use. While e-cigarettes have been promoted as a less harmful option for already present products based on tobacco, their impact on health in the longer run are still uncertain, and there is ongoing debate around their potential impact on public health, particularly among youth. Future investigations are required so that all the harms and benefits of e-cigarette use are known and so that authorities can develop effective regulatory policies to reduce the negative health impacts of tobacco use.

Background: Preeclampsia and it's complications is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in Yemen. Globally, Yemen ranks as one of the top countries with the highest maternal mortality. To the best of our knowledge no similar study has been done at Jiblah University Hospital, Yemen. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the Prevalence and associated factors of preeclampsia among pregnant women Attending Jiblah University Hospital, Yemen. Methods: A hospital-based cross sectional study design was utilized. A total 100 pregnant women attended Antenatal Care Clinic at Jiblah University Hospital, Yemen and selected randomly. Two tools were used: Tool (1): A structured closed-ended questionnaire included Socio-demographic data, behavioral factors, medical history. Tool (2): Physical examination of the pregnant women. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS Version 26. Bivariate data analysis using the Chi-square test. P-value is considered statistically significant when P < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of preeclampsia was 15%. among participants in the study. There was a significant association between number of previous pregnancies, hypertension, diabetes for pregnant women, obesity, previous preeclampsia, and prior knowledge of preeclampsia. Conclusions: Multiple risk factors are predicting preeclampsia, such; as number of previous pregnancies hypertension, diabetes for pregnant women, obesity, previous preeclampsia, and prior knowledge of preeclampsia which can be used as a preventing tool of preeclampsia.

One of the most challenging tasks in the world of orthodontics is the treatment of impacted teeth. The maxillary permanent canine plays the role of preserving the occlusal symmetry and harmony of the soft-tissue. There is a considerable opportunity of impaction because the permanent maxillary canines have a long and complex course of eruption and shift their orientation after striking the lateral incisor root.Over time, a number of prognostic factors have been identified, which have aided in treatment planning. The goal of this review was to provide a bird’s eye view on the prognosis of impacted canines and create awareness resulting in interceptive treatment and early recognition.

This essay applies a biblical hermeneutic of faith to explore some of the key premises, presuppositions, and philosophical assumptions contained in the concept of interreligious dialogue. The etymological and historical roots of the ‘dialogue’ concept are discussed and some of the essential features of the core types of dialogue are presented. The concept of ‘church’ as a metaphorical heuristic device is then applied to the notion of ‘interreligious dialogue’ to describe the activities of the community of groups and individuals related to its support and advancement. The essay finds that its adherents and participants tend strongly to assume their activities not to be informed or infused by other institutional interests in contemporary culture and society such as political or economic. A brief historical review of Vatican I and II demonstrates that the church of interreligious dialogue (CIRD) actually began long ago, after which the Catholic theological wheels were set in motion to embrace secular culture unreservedly as a laudable goal without much consideration for the potential religious and socio-cultural downsides. The essay concludes that interreligious dialogue operates more to advance rather than to retard the process of removing Christian values from culture in modern society, contrary to biblical mandates. As far as unintentional effects, then, it turns out that secularizing faith means sacrificing faith in strict biblical terms.

Tourism is usually considered as a tool to provide social and economic benefits to local communities in the tourist destinations. Ecotourism as a subset of sustainable tourism is extensively advocated as an alternative strategy for community development in the mountain settlements. In this regard, this research adopted exploratory and descriptive approach to investigate the perceived economic impacts of ecotourism in the local communities of Everest region in Nepal. It considers settlements around Everest Trail as a case to critically examine the dynamics of tourism development and its impacts on local residents both residing along the major trail(MT) and off the trail(OT). Multiple methods of data collection such as questionnaire survey with households, key informants interview, participant observation, informal discussion with local entrepreneurs and residents, and archival research have been conducted. Research findings demonstrated that ecotourism has provided widespread socio- economic benefits to local people, but in a varying degree. It has not only provided local economic opportunities but also created challenges to promote equitable community development. More specifically, tourism has become an advantage for a specific group of people living along the major trails (MT) such as tourism entrepreneurs and trekking and mountaineering employees, while the other group of people such as farmers, labors, and low-wage employees who usually reside in OT or in the peripheral region receive limited benefits, but largely affected by the tourism-induced inflation. It explicitly suggests that tourism benefits are largely accrued to residents in MT and not distributed equitably between the residents of MT and OT. In addition, there seem economic leakages, poor integration of local products into tourism system and high inflation. It suggests adopting a comprehensive tourism planning approach that considers inclusive participation of local people, both from MT and OT, in the decision-making process and sharing of tourism benefits as well as for reducing economic leakages and strengthening its linkages.