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Table of Contents: Volume 16; Issue 10; October 2024

Life Sciences

  1. Swamy, K.R.M.
    ABSTRACT:

    Cardamom belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, genus Elettaria and Latin name Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton. The common names are Capalaga, Ilachi, Green Cardamom, True Cardamom, Ceylon Cardamom. Elettaria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Zingiberaceae. They are native to India and Sri Lanka, but cultivated and naturalized elsewhere. One member of the genus, E. cardamomum, is a commercially important spice used as a flavouring agent in many countries. Cardamom, “The Queen of Spices,” is one of tChe oldest and most celebrated spices in the world. It is well known for its distinct flavor, aroma, and medicinal properties. It is a naturally growing perennial plant in countries like Nepal, Bhutan, and India. Also, some places like Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Guatemala farm the cardamom plant. The word cardamom is derived from the Latin cardamōmum, as a Latinisation of the Greek καρδάμωμον (kardámōmon), a compound of κάρδαμον (kárdamon, "cress") and ἄμωμον (ámōmon), of unknown origin. The earliest attested form of the word κάρδαμον signifying "cress" is the Mycenaean Greek ka-da-mi-ja, written in Linear B syllabic script, in the list of flavorings on the spice tablets found among palace archives in the House of the Sphinxes in Mycenae. The modern genus name Elettaria is derived from the root ēlam attested in Dravidian languages. Common names in Indian language are in Hindi, Urdu, and Gujarati elaichi, and “yelakki” in Kannada and other South Indian languages. It is called Elakka in Malayalam, which is the language of Kerala an Indian province that accounts for 70% of Indian cardamom. In South Asia green cardamom, called “Elaichi” in Marathi, Hindi and Urdu. It is called “Yalakulu in Telugu, “elam” in Tamil. In Hebrew, it is known as Hel. In Persian it is also known as Hel. In Arabic, it is called Hayl. Elettaria cardamomum, commonly known as green cardamom or true cardamom, is a herbaceous, perennial plant in the ginger family, native to southern India. It is the most common of the species whose seeds are used as a spice called cardamom that has a sharp, strong, punchy aroma. It is cultivated widely in tropical regions and reportedly naturalized in Réunion, Indochina, and Costa Rica. Black cardamom, or Amomum subulatum, is a type of cardamom that is native to India, Bhutan, and Nepal. it is a member of the ginger own family and is regularly known as “hill cardamom” because of its cultivation in hilly areas. Black cardamom pods are large and darker than green cardamom pods, with a rough exterior and a smoky, earthy aroma. Black cardamom has been used for thousands of years in traditional Ayurvedic medicine to treat numerous ailments, together with digestive issues, respiratory troubles, and inflammation. It was also used as a flavoring agent in food and beverages. In ancient instances, black cardamom became considered a luxurious item and changed into frequently used as a form of currency. It is native to India and Sri Lanka but is now grown in other parts of the world, including Guatemala, Tanzania, and Papua New Guinea. The spice is generally sold in the form of small pods or as loose seeds. Cardamom has a strong, sweet, and spicy aroma, and a pungent, slightly sweet taste with hints of lemon and mint. It is commonly used in sweet and savory dishes, as well as in hot beverages like tea and coffee. Origin, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Breeding and Cultivation of Cardamom are discussed.

  2. Muthukumar, A., Eswaran, A., Suthin Raj, T., Nivetha, M. and Gunaseeli, C.
    ABSTRACT:

    Studies on the in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity of native bioagents agents and plant extracts were evaluated against Sarocladium oryzae, which causes sheath rot of rice, were undertaken in the Department of Plant Pathology of the Annamalai University, Chidambaram. It was revealed that isolate- Pf S5 (Pseudomonas fluorescens-Sivapuri) recorded the maximum inhibition zone of 10.55 mm and a minimum of 23.40 mm mycelial growth of S. oryzae accounting for 74.00 per cent reduction in the mycelial growth over control and isolate- BsA1 (Bacillus subtilis Ambigapuaram) recorded the maximum inhibition zone of 9.92 mm and a minimum of 24.62 mm mycelial growth of S. oryzae accounting for 72.64 per cent reduction in the mycelial growth over control. Among the ten plant extracts tested (10% concentration) against the mycelial growth of S.oryzae, E. globules extract recorded the minimum mycelial growth (19.03 mm) and maximum per cent reduction of mycelial growth of pathogen (78.85%) over control. In the pot culture studies, seed treatment with Fluorescent pseudomonads (PfS5) @12g/kg plus B. subtilis (BsA1) @12g/kg plus E.globules extract@10% followed by foliar application with Fluorescent pseudomonads (PfS5) and B. subtilis (BsA1) each @ 0.5% plus E. globules extract@10%-T9 at 45 and 60 DAT recorded minimum sheath rot incidence(12.53), maximum plant growth (109.68 cm), number of tillers per hill (15.35), number of grains per panicle (145.90),weight of 1000 of seeds (24.22g) and yield (18.39g/plant).

  3. Tanmay Chattopadhyay
    ABSTRACT:

    Graphene and graphene oxide have attracted significant attention over the past decade due to their exceptional and unique electrical, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. This review focuses on the structure, characteristics, production methods, and applications of these materials. Initially, we provide a brief overview of the fundamental structure, production techniques, and properties of graphene and graphene oxide. Various methods, including chemical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, as well as top-down and bottom-up approaches, can be employed to synthesize these materials. Following this, we summarize the diverse applications of graphene and graphene oxide across various fields. Finally, we discuss the challenges that lie ahead for the development and utilization of graphene and graphene oxide. It is crucial to ensure that wastewater discharged during production contains minimal to no heavy metals, to mitigate any potential negative effects on the ecosystem.

  4. Dr. Poulami Gupta Banerjee
    ABSTRACT:

    Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal issue affecting millions worldwide. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) is commonly prescribed for constipation relief and bowel preparation, with FDA approval for use in individuals aged 17 and older. This article reviews the efficacy and safety of PEG, both as a standalone treatment and in combination with Lactulose. PEG is favored for its minimal side effects, improved tolerance, and effectiveness across various patient populations, including adults, pregnant women, and geriatrics. Combination therapy with Lactulose further enhances the efficacy of PEG, offering improved bowel cleansing, reduced side effects, and better patient compliance. Several clinical trials and studies have demonstrated that Lactulose and PEG together provide superior outcomes in terms of stool frequency, consistency, and overall symptom relief. Additionally, a specific product, Relux L, which combines Lactulose and PEG, manufactured by Eskag Parma Ltd., Kolkata, India, has proven to be an effective option for managing constipation and preparing patients for medical procedures. These findings highlight the role of Lactulose and PEG as key agents in the management of chronic constipation and bowel preparation.

Physical Sciences and Engineering

  1. GOMGNIMBOU Alain P.K., OUEDRAOGO Osée W., DEMBELE Basirou, BAHIRE F.W. Xavier, ADOUABOU Basile A. and Rigobert BAYALA
    ABSTRACT:

    De nos jours, l’environnement naturel est en plein changement sous l’influence du climat et des pressions anthropiques. La Forêt Classée de Dinderesso n’est pas en marge de cette situation. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer par télédétection l’évolution de la dynamique de la couverture ligneuse durant la période de 2000 à 2013. Pour ce faire, Des images Landsat de 2000, 2006 et de 2013 ont été utilisées. Des opérations sur Envi 5.3, la sortie de validation terrain et enfin la cartographie sur ArcGIS ont été les étapes. La discrimination entre les différentes classes thématiques est statistiquement significative avec des précisions statistiques globales de 81,77%, 82,06% et 82,63%. La classification indique une réduction de la végétation des savanes arbustive (-27,06%) et herbeuse (-2,29%) au profit d’autres unités et une augmentation des champs (2,05%), de la savane arborée (14,29%) et de la savane boisée (12,56%). La carte de variation des unités d’occupation des terres a révélé un changement prononcé du couvert végétal sur 55,44% de sa superficie totale entre 2000 et 2013. Au regard de ces résultats, il est plus que nécessaire d’élaborer une stratégie de gestion durable de cette aires classée.

  2. Koffi Nomesi DUAMEY, Baguissoga SATRA and Ayaovi Xolali MOUMOUNI-AGBOKE
    ABSTRACT:

    Nous étudions dans cet article la dimension satirique du discours littéraire d’Ousmane Diarra dans trois de ses romans: Vieux Lézard, Pagne de femme et La Route des Clameurs. Il s’agit de démontrer comment, dans une écriture qui allie humour et ironie mordante, l’écrivain s’attaque à la religion, à la morale et à l’action politique. Certes, le tableau satirique qu’il dresse est alarmant, mais il insuffle en filigrane une vision du monde postmoderne appelé à se débarrasser de toutes formes d’ostracisme et d’injustice. L’écrivain donne à lire les dérives du fanatisme religieux et de l’immoralité dans la sphère politique qu’il caricature à peine lorsque le lecteur les confronte aux scènes de la vie quotidienne. In fine, le politique est invité à intégrer dans son action le sens du bien commun et de la responsabilité publique.

  3. Kathia Susana Almeida
    ABSTRACT:

    O currículo escolar desempenha um papel fundamental na formação cidadã dos estudantes, influenciando diretamente suas competências e valores sociais. Através da educação formal, o currículo contribui para o desenvolvimento de habilidades críticas, reflexivas e participativas, necessárias para a atuação consciente na sociedade. A formação cidadã envolve não apenas o conhecimento teórico, mas também a construção de práticas e atitudes que promovam a convivência democrática e o respeito às diversidades. Dessa forma, a educação voltada para a cidadania deve considerar aspectos culturais, éticos e políticos, promovendo o engajamento ativo dos alunos. O objetivo geral deste artigo é analisar como o currículo escolar contribui para a formação cidadã dos estudantes. Os objetivos específicos são: - identificar as práticas pedagógicas presentes no currículo que fomentam a cidadania; - verificar a presença de conteúdos que incentivem o pensamento crítico e a participação social; - avaliar a importância da interdisciplinaridade na construção de uma educação cidadã. O problema de pesquisa que norteia este estudo é: De que maneira o currículo escolar contribui para a formação cidadã dos estudantes? A metodologia utilizada foi bibliográfica, com base em uma revisão de literatura de obras que tratam da relação entre currículo escolar e cidadania. Os resultados indicam que um currículo que integra princípios democráticos, valores sociais e práticas de respeito mútuo favorece o desenvolvimento de cidadãos críticos e participativos. A discussão reforça a necessidade de uma abordagem interdisciplinar que contemple a diversidade e as múltiplas realidades dos estudantes. Conclui-se que o currículo escolar deve ser constantemente revisado e adaptado para atender às demandas sociais e formar indivíduos capazes de atuar de forma ética e responsável na sociedade, exercendo plenamente seus direitos e deveres como cidadãos.

  4. Afsha Sadik Khan
    ABSTRACT:

    This paper delves into the transformative advances in science and technology, with a focus on a new generation perspective that includes advanced robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), robotic process automation (RPA), quantum computing, 3D printing, 5G wireless networks, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and blockchain.. It also delves into cutting-edge innovations like space travel, necrobiotic, sand batteries, electronic skin (e-skin), sensory VR technologies, brain-reading robots, xenotransplantation, 3D-printed bones, digital twins for health tracking, 3D-printed eye tissue, and artificial neurons on silicon chips,Mind reading machine , 3D hologram , Flying cars , Covering robots with living skin , Edge computing ,ML ,AR , Human brain-computer ,interfaces, Nanotechnology , Driverless technology, . Autonomous Vehicles, Blockchain Beyond Crypto, Personalized Medicine, Wearable Health Monitors, Extended Reality (XR) for Training, Space Tourism .This paper summarizes the potential influence and ethical concerns of these technologies on society using a multifaceted examination. The modern scientific landscape is continually changing, affected by technology breakthroughs, globalization, and shifts in societal norms. The next generation of scientists shares the qualities of this worldview, its consequences for research and education, and its potential impact on society as a whole. It is a comprehensive knowledge of how the next generation conducts scientific inquiry and innovation by investigating the interactions of technology, diversity, ethical considerations, and interdisciplinary collaboration.

  5. Ugbomoiko, D. O., Olley, M. C., Aladejare, A. A., Ojo, B. O. and Oguntunnbi, D. E.
    ABSTRACT:

    Numerous parasites can be found in dogs and cats, and they have been linked to the human spread of zoonotic illnesses. In Ekiti State, 160 dogs and 25 cats were tested for parasites in a community-based cross-sectional study.Freshly passed stools from dogs and cats were collected and examined for intestinal parasites by modified sucrose floatation technique. The overall prevalence of parasite from dog and cat were 40 and 20 % respectively. The prevalence of parasite among dogs were 32.8%, 21.9 %, 35.9%, 1.6 % and 7.8 % for Toxoplasma gondii, Toxocaracanis, Ascarislumbricoides, Trichuristrichuria and Hookworm respectively while for cats 60 % and 40 % for Hookworm and Entamoebahistolytica. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in male and female dogs were 61.9 % and 38.1 % respectively. The seroprevalence of A. lumbrocoidesin male and female dogs were 56.5 % and 43.5 % respectively; seroprevalence for T. trichuria in male dog was 100 % and none was detected in female dog, seroprevalence for hookworm in male and female dogs were 40.0 % and 60 % respectively, while seroprevalence for hookworm in male and female cats were 66.7 % and 33.3 % respectively; seroprevalence for E. histolytica in female dog was 100 % and none was detected in male cat. No ToxoplasmagondiiandToxocaracanis were detected in cats. The potential risk factors for transmission of toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis and other intestinal parasitesidentified in the study area include the keeping of free range dog and cat, improper handling and disposal of dog and cat faeces andlivestock manure, and consumption of untreated water. There should be increase in awareness campaigns on toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis and other intestinal parasites among people this would help in providing more information to enable informeddecision making about disease control and to empowerwith knowledge to curb transmission from animalsto man.

  6. Logeswari Saranya, R. and Umamaheswari, K.
    ABSTRACT:

    Face recognition is a widely utilized authentication method in biometric systems. However, a critical challenge faced by these systems is the occurrence of false acceptance, where unauthorized individuals or attackers gain access. This type of security breach, known as a presentation attack, exposes the system to significant vulnerabilities. The focus of this research is on a specific type of presentation attack called spoofing, where attackers employ artifacts such as photographs, masks, or pre-recorded videos to replicate the appearance of legitimate users and gain fraudulent access. The primary objective of this study is to develop a neural network model capable of accurately detecting whether a user is genuine or a spoof, thereby mitigating the risk of biometric system compromise.

Health Sciences

  1. Parveen Kaur, Ram Babu and Palak Arora
    ABSTRACT:

    Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of low back pain among college teachers of India and its correlation with various risk factors. Background: Low back Pain (LBP) is a very common problem in individuals and its prevalence varies from place to place and among professional, in particularly teachers . in literature various risk factors were identified for LBP including physical, psychological and social factors , literature is lacking for Indian population. Methodology: Study was survey questionnaire prospective design using incident sampling spread over six months. 400 self-reporting closed ended questionnaire consisting of demographic data, 15 close ended questions along with consent form and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire were distributed among teachers after inclusion and exclusion criterion with appropriate instructions, later these were collected and analysis was done for percentage & correlation of LBP with various factors. Result:46.98% teachers reported LBP, 37.46% were minimally disabled, and 7.61% moderate and only 1.90% were severely disabled. taking lecture in standing without support was significantly negatively correlated with LBP, mixed approach with support and without support standing was positively correlated with LBP. Prolonged sitting posture due to work, due to exam marking and due to internet use were found to be positively significantly correlated with LBP. previous injuries to low back, upper-limb & lower limb and was positively significantly correlated with LBP. Conclusion: It is concluded that about 47% of the college teachers reported that they had back pain once or more in their lifetime, prolonged sitting due to exam duty, internet uses history of injuries to back, upper limb and lower limb could be considered as risk factor. Standing without support during lecture may leads to a good posture and so less back pain.

  2. Ambaga, M.,Tumen-Ulzii A. and Buyantushig, T.
    ABSTRACT:

    By us has developed a unique theory that connects the Big Bang event, protons, and the formation of life through own concept known as the “Closed 9-Stepped Cycle of Proton Conductance” 1. In this theory, we attempt to link fundamental processes of the universe’s formation to the emergence of life using proton conductance as the central mechanism. Here’s a simplified explanation of how such a connection might work based on known concepts in physics, chemistry, and biology: 2. Big Bang and the Creation of Protons: • The Big Bang is the event that led to the expansion of the universe. During the first few moments, fundamental particles, including protons, were formed. Protons are essential components of atomic nuclei, particularly hydrogen, which is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe. 3. Formation of Matter: • As the universe cooled after the Big Bang, protons, along with electrons, formed hydrogen atoms. These atoms eventually became the building blocks for more complex elements through nuclear fusion in stars. The formation of heavier elements laid the groundwork for complex chemistry, which is essential for life. 4. Proton Conductance and Energy Transfer: • In biological systems, protons play a crucial role in energy transfer processes, such as those found in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration. The movement of protons across membranes in mitochondria generates a proton gradient, which drives ATP synthesis – the molecule responsible for energy in living organisms. 5. Nine-Stepped Cycle of Proton Conductance: • Ambaga’s “Closed 9-Stepped Cycle” likely proposes a specific, structured mechanism by which protons interact in cycles of energy transduction that could lead to life-sustaining processes. The “closed” nature suggests that the cycle operates continuously in a self-sustaining loop, possibly involving various steps where protons move, interact with molecules, and contribute to the complex reactions necessary for the emergence of life. 6. From Protons to Life: • The theory seems to bridge astrophysical events (such as the Big Bang and formation of protons) with the biochemical processes that are foundational for life. 7. In essence, we are suggesting that proton conductance cycles, which are key to energy production in cells, have roots in the very early moments of the universe. 8. Life could thus be viewed as an extension of these primordial proton-based processes that started at the beginning of time. 9. Unified Concept of Life and the Universe: • By linking the formation of protons in the Big Bang to the biochemical cycles in living organisms, ourtheory appears to propose a unified view where the fundamental particles of the universe directly influence the emergence of life through specific proton-driven processes. This theory would likely be interdisciplinary, combining elements from cosmology, particle physics, biochemistry, and molecular biology to provide a novel explanation of life’s origin. If you’re looking for more detailed or specific aspects of his theory, it would require exploring his published work or detailed academic presentations on this topic. Our theory on the closed 9-step cycle of proton conductance ties back to the Big Bang event, which laid the groundwork for proton and electron formation. According to this model, protons and electrons, essential to life, were created during the Big Bang around 15 billion years ago. These particles played a crucial role in the evolution of cellular processes over time. In particular, this model explains the complex mechanism by which cells produce energy through ATP (adenosine triphosphate) using a three-state line system that has evolved over 3.6 billion years. In such way we are propose the new discovery in the field of Biology and medicine by joining the three new conception as at first : new metabolic equation based on the proton conductance as metabolic medium as “Donators of proton as glucose molecules (first stage of proton conductance) + membrane redox potentials in the three-state line system + O2 (hemoglobin of the pulmonary capillary -8-th stage, hemoglobin of tissue-87 trillion cell-surrounded capillary-9-th stage) + ADP + Pi + (H+ + nH + memb.space - proton gradient-4-th stage) = (ATP + heat energy-5-th stage) + H2O (5-th stage) + (nH+matrix) + CO2(second stage of proton conductance),at second : Closed 9 stepped cycle and at third: System models of the Human bodyand at fourth : membrane redox potentials in the three-state line system. The term "closed cycle" implies that the process is cyclic, returning to its initial state after completing all steps, which is a characteristic of many biological processes to ensure efficient and continuous operation.

  3. Bolanle Oluwatomisin, AWONUSI and Abiodun Samuel OLOWOLAFE
    ABSTRACT:

    Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a dramatic event which has a significant impact on the individual and his/her family. The actual adjustment to SCI starts when an individual leaves the rehabilitation unit and is no longer under the care of the rehabilitation team. Family caregivers are vital community-based resource who provide care for SCI persons. The objective of this review is to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on the needs and extent of psychological adjustment of adult family caregivers of spinal cord injury persons living in the community. The review considered all empirical studies that explored the needs and psychological adjustment of adult family carers living in the community published in English language. An extensive search was conducted using the following databases; Web of knowledge, Web of science, CINAHL, Medline, Psyc INFO, EMBASE and JBI, as well as manual search of the bibliographies of retrieved articles. The Hawker et al. (2007) three-stage critical appraisal instruments were used to extract data and assess for quality of the papers. A narrative summary of findings was carried out for this review. The finding showed that a total of six papers were included in the review. Four papers used quantitative methods, one paper utilized quantitative method while the remaining one paper utilized mixed methods. Fifty-six papers were initially identified but fifty were excluded as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Findings were extracted and summarised using the Hawker et al. three-stage critical appraisal method. Six themes emerged from the review: 1) family needs, 2) change in family dynamics, 3) uncertainty, 4) feeling of burden, 5) intimacy and 6) moving on. There is need for healthcare professionals to embark on positive perspective in training and supporting family caregivers of SCI persons living in the community. Family caregivers require continuous, consistent and comprehensive support from professionals, peer and extended family. This support and education help family caregivers develop the required future-oriented adjustment for community integration in SCI.

  4. Aulakh, B.S.
    ABSTRACT:

    Biogas is basically methane produced from natural digester process in a biogas plant. This is an anaerobic mechanism which involves the use of certain microorganisms like fungus, bacteria, yeast etc which feed upon the wet, thick liquid organic matter from the plant or animal source. The most desired sources are like cow dung, poultry feed, press mud from the sugar factories, plant straw or husk from vegetative sources like rice, Napier grass, millets or other grasses from the botanical family Graminae. The dry grass or husk is chopped, crushed, thrown into a coarse powder and then made into a semi thick running paste by a giant agitator wheel and then pushed into the dark, anaerobic chambers where the above material is digested upon by various fungi, yeast or other microorganisms and various gasses are released like methane, hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia etc which are further passed through respective purification processes and methane is then packed in containers as compressed biogas and other gasses are also separated and packed for various purposes known in the field. This process is claimed to be clean and green operation and so is being promoted on a massive scale but there certainly are two sides of a coin and recently many drawbacks of this clean process have started to surface. The carcinogenic affect in humans is one such unwelcome outcome and the reproductive inefficiency is another. The various aspects are discussed and debated in this write up.

  5. Dr. Rahmi, S. and Dr. Rashmi, S.
    ABSTRACT:

    Primary teeth are need to stay in place till they are replaced by permanent teeth, so they are the best space maintainers. One of the main reasons for early extraction of primary teeth is be Early childhood cariesespeciallyin the anterior. So, any untimely loss of anterior teeth subsequently causes a) morphological problems- impaction and eruption disturbances of permanent successors; inclination and/ or extrusion of adjacent and antagonist teeth, respectively; midline deviation; and crowding b) functional problems; speech disorders, aesthetic problems, and development of non-nutritive habits c) psychosocial problems; decrease in self-esteem2. However, in some cases there can be a combination of problem like early loss of tooth leading to space loss and impaction of the erupting tooth so that calls for regaining the lost space and restoring the missing tooth till the permanent teeth replacement is done. This paper presents an innovative design incorporating both the treatment objectives in a single appliance: A dual appliance with dual treatment outcome.

  6. Jacob Caunan, L. Cp. and Dr Reinaldo Francisco Luis
    ABSTRACT:

    The government's authority to resolve conflicts between the Naktuka Oecusse community can be resolved through a local wisdom approach because these two communities have had a very close kinship relationship since ancient times with a local wisdom approach the conflicts that occur can be reduced and there can be peace from both parties through traditional agreements. , then proceed to the level of diplomatic relations between the two countries to be resolved.

  7. Dr. Surendra Kumar Jangid, Dr. Ruby Naz and Dr. Sadhana Joshi
    ABSTRACT:

    Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) during pregnancy pose significant risks to maternal and fetal health. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, bacteriological profile, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of both asymptomatic and symptomatic UTIs among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Zanana Hospital, Jhalawar Medical College. Method: From September 2023 to August 2024, a prospective study was conducted involving 1119 pregnant women. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for bacteriuria. Cultures were performed on blood agar, MacConkey agar, and other selective media. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Of the 1119 women screened, 294 (26.27%) had bacteriuria. Symptomatic women had a higher prevalence (74.69%) compared to asymptomatic women (12.98%). Bacteriuria was more common in older age groups, multigravida women, and in the third trimester. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (41.5%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Multidrug-resistant strains were found in 41.5% of cases, with significant resistance to cephalosporins. Conclusion: Routine screening for significant bacteriuria in pregnant women is essential, regardless of symptoms, due to the high prevalence and risk of severe complications. The predominance of multidrug-resistant E. coli underscores the need for localized antibiotic susceptibility testing to guide effective treatment and minimize resistance risks. Continued monitoring and tailored antibiotic use are crucial for improving maternal and fetal outcomes.

Social Sciences and Humanities

  1. Ranavagol Kiran S. and Kiran Savanur
    ABSTRACT:

    This research study represents an essential initial step to delving into the potential for investigating information-seeking behaviours and knowledge-conservation practices among traditional medicine practitioners. The study thoroughly examines the existing literature on information-seeking strategies and knowledge-conservation practices within this community. It meticulously explores the nuanced meanings and definitions of traditional medicine, information-seeking, and knowledge conservation in this context, providing a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. Additionally, the study meticulously analyzes the current research trends in traditional medicine, shedding light on the diverse approaches employed for information gathering, the procedures utilized for preserving knowledge, and the multifaceted challenges encountered in this process.

  2. Abhiram Meher
    ABSTRACT:

    India has recently started a new movement to reform industries, workplaces, manufacturing hubs, towns, and urban cities from which carbon emissions have arisen. The coal and oil industries are the two potential key areas contributing to the highest environmental pollution. For this purpose, India has started adopting innovative green strategies and clean technologies to reduce the possible risks. The national government after 2014 came out with a certain new approach to propose environmental policies that are green-friendly. The government has thus launched several eco-friendly governance strategies such as the Swachha Bharat Mission (SBM), the National Clean Environmental Policy, the National Renewable Policy (NRP), and the National Solar Mission (NSM). However, green capacity building is one of the important endeavors at the hands of international, national, regional, and local levels. The government also tries to bring adequate attention to private industries and the big corporate sector to develop renewable energy techniques. Therefore, the term green governance implies resilient capacity building for eco-management. Another concern for the government is empowering the financial sector, NGOs, and private institutions and making the green product effective for the environment. Hence, the paper attempts to explore the role of green institutional building or capacity building and sustainable environmental governance laws in India during the phase of the NDA-led Modi government.

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Dr. Swamy KRM
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India
DR. IRAM BOKHARI
Pakistan
Dr. FARHAT NAZ RAHMAN
Pakistan
Dr. Devendra kumar Gupta
India
Dr. ASHWANI KUMAR DUBEY
India
Dr. Ali Seidi
Iran
Dr. Achmad Choerudin
Indonesia
Dr Ashok Kumar Verma
India
Thi Mong Diep NGUYEN
France
Dr. Muhammad Akram
Pakistan
Dr. Imran Azad
Oman
Dr. Meenakshi Malik
India
Aseel Hadi Hamzah
Iraq
Anam Bhatti
Malaysia
Md. Amir Hossain
Bangladesh
Ahmet İPEKÇİ
Turkey
Mirzadi Gohari
Iran