Grain storage is a major factor in ensuring food security in the country. It enables the markets to allow uninterrupted supply of grains even during off seasons. In a grain storage ecosystem, the interactions of different biotic and abiotic factors cause damage to the grain. Controlling these interactions by monitoring the heat and mass transfer in grain bulk during storage period is of great importance. Predicting the heat and mass transfer in storage structures is also necessary to make proper management protocols and guidelines to built safe bulk storage systems. This paper discusses various approaches to understand the heat and mass transfer phenomenon in food grain storage system.