Neonatal period is a highly vulnerable period of life when a neonate may develop certain serious problems which lead to death. Neonatal period is the most hazardous period of life because of various problems and diseases which a neonate faces. In Iraq, deaths in neonatal period account for more than half of under-five year's children deaths, highlighting urgent need to introduce health interventions to improve essential neonatal care and to evaluate and determine the main causes of death.