Comparative study on thromboembolic events among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus at king abdulaziz medical cityin saudi arabia

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insensitivity to insulin, which is linked with many pathological alterations leading tocardiovascular diseases. Consequently, enormous studies indicated that patients with T2DM are significantlyassociated withblood vascular diseases, in particularthromboembolic complications. Aim of study: This study was designed to study the prevalence of thromboembolic complications among Saudi patients diagnosed with T2DM andidentify the most common types of thromboembolic complications in patients with T2DM. Methodology: Retrospective cohort study was performed onmedical records of 150 Saudi patients diagnosed with T2DM at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabiabetween January 2015 and January 2017. Review included demographic data, biochemical, hematology, coagulation profilesand thromboembolic complications. Results: A total of 150 patient records with T2DM were interrogated in this retrospective study. All patients showed significantly increased fasting glucose and HbA1c levels. Around18 diabetic patients (7.33% males and 4.66% females)developed thrombotic events between January 2015 and 2017. Hematological results demonstrated that most subjects were diagnosed with anemia based on levels ofhemoglobinand red blood cell count. Reduction in platelet counts were observed among T2DM patients suffering from thrombosis compared tocontrol subjects, which suggests increased consumption of platelets in patients with thrombotic complications..Consequently, coagulation profiles showed hypercoagulability state in T2DM patients with thrombosis in comparison to controls. We also observed deep vein thrombosis in 38.9% of T2DM patients with thrombotic events. This observation infers that deep vein thrombosis is the most common type of thromboembolicevents amongT2DM patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of thromboembolic complicationsis greater among Saudi patients who are diagnosed with T2DM in which represents a major clinical health problem and a healthcare burden. Although the high incidence and serious nature of thethrombosis, anational prevention program should be developedto understand the risk factors of thromboembolic eventswithin T2DM patients and to find out a proper management and treatments.