Determination of various physical and chemical parameters in industrial effluents and sewage of phagwara, tehsil of Punjab

The study was carried out In Phagwara Tehsil of Punjab to determine various physical and chemical parameters from Industrial effluents. The industrial effluents are thrown into the river Kali baien through Gandanala. Midstream samples were collected for analysis from phagwara to Khera. The samples were analyzed for temperature, E.C, Turbidity, PH, total hardness, Dissolved Oxygen, COD and Alkalinity. Temperature was recorded to ± 0.10C accuracy, immediately after collecting the samples. The temperature varies from 6oc to 38oc during December to May. The variation in temperature was mainly related with temperature of atmosphere and weather condition. E.C was measured by digital conductivity meter which varied from 0.807 (mhos/cm) to 1.748 (mhos/cm). The higher value of E.C indicates a larger quantity of dissolved mineral salts thereby making it sour and unsuitable for use. The turbidity values of sample varied from 38.3 NTU to 58.4 NTU. The higher value of turbidity indicates the presence of suspended particles. The PH ranged from 7.1 to 7.9. The organic pollution was mild as indicated by D.O (6.4 – 7.7 mg/l) and BOD (5.3 – 6.5 mg/l). But the highest value of COD ranged between 27.0 mg/l to as high as 40.7mg/l indicates industrial pollution. Total hardness values varied from 178 to 229 mg/l that makes the water unsuitable for domestic uses. The total solids determined ranged between 335 to 445 mg/l. It increases turbidity and electrical conductivity. Alkalinity values ranged from 167 to 217 mg/l. The higher values are due to discharge of industrial effluents upstream.