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Expression of Metallothionein in oral Leukoplakia

Author: 
Shravan Kumar, D. R., Charu Suri, Syed Afroz Ahmed, Shahela Tanveer, Kiran Kumar G. and Ketaki Joshi
Subject Area: 
Health Sciences
Abstract: 

Background and Objectives: Leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant lesion of the oral cavity. As the histological study of oral leukoplakia cannot predict precisely the malignant transformation of this lesion and metallothionein (MT) is a protein that has been associated with carcinogenesis, this study could be auxiliary in this histological assessment of this lesion. The present study was done to evaluate the immunoexpression of metallothionein in oral leukoplakia (OL) and to correlate with histological grade and clinical localization. Methods: 30 diagnosed cases of oral leukoplakia along with 10 cases of normal oral mucosa were taken for the study. Oral leukoplakia was graded as: hyperkeratosis without dysplasia change (8 cases), mild dysplasia (13 cases), moderate dysplasia (6 cases) and severe dysplasia (4 cases). Immunohistochemistry for the metallothionein was performed and the Pearson Chi-Square test was used in statistical analysis. Results: In normal oral mucosa MT expression is restricted only to basal and parabasal cells with a mosaic cytoplasmic-nuclear expression pattern, whereas in dysplastic lesions an additional focus in the spinous layer was noted. Interpretation and Conclusion: Metallothionein expression was highest in severe dysplasia with the lowest expression found in cases of Hyperkeratosis without dysplasia. The expression in mild dysplasia and moderate dysplasia was more or less equal. Thus, this study suggests that Metallothionein overexpression can be one of the useful diagnostic marker for predicting the potential behavior of oral Leukoplakia turning into oral squamous cell carcinoma. (OSCC)

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