Extraction, phytochemical screening and anti‑arthritic potential of garuga pinnata extract

The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and anti-arthritic potential of the ethanolic extract of Garuga pinnata. The plant material was subjected to ethanolic extraction, and the percentage yield of the extract was determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out to identify the presence of various bioactive constituents. Quantitative estimation of total phenolic and total flavonoid content was also performed using standard methods. The anti-arthritic activity of the ethanolic extract was assessed using Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, with aspirin used as the standard reference drug. The ethanolic extract showed a percentage yield of 9.78% w/w and was found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, carbohydrates, and saponins. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be 0.78 mg GAE/100 mg and 0.93 mg QE/100 mg, respectively. In the in vivo study, the extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly reduced paw edema in a dose-dependent manner, with the higher dose showing comparable activity to aspirin. The findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of Garuga pinnata possesses significant anti-arthritic activity, which may be attributed to the presence of polyphenolic compounds, supporting its traditional use in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.