Genotypic effects on embryogenesis and plant regeneration in wheat (triticum aestivum l.)

Embryogenic callus induction and subsequently plant regeneration using mature embryos as an explant for six Sudanese elite wheat cultivars were investigated in the present study, mature embryos were placed indifferent MS salt strengths supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D. Relatively callus induction frequencies were observed over all concentrations and cultivars; however significant differences were detected in callus induction ability, embryogenic callus differentiation and plantlet regeneration among MS salts concentrations and cultivars. Wadi Elnile and Sasaraib cultivars achieved the best value for callus proliferation at the normal concentration (1X); followed by Khaleefacultivarat the same concentration, the least call genesis was obtained in Bohain cultivar. The calluses produced were subjected to somatic embryogenesis and regeneration studies. Maximum embryogenic callus formation was obtained in MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of TDZ singly and TDZ in combination with 0.1 mg/l2,4-D in all treatments, while 0.5 mg/l2,4-D concentration inhibitedembryogenic callus formation. Takana cultivar was the most responsive cultivar among other cultivars; whereas plant regeneration was occurred in almost all TDZ concentrations for this cultivar. The present study cleared that somatic embryogenesis and regeneration abilities are highly genotypic dependent; whereas cultivars responded differently to the different abilities.