In India, Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal) is a popular medicinal plant since time immemorial. Ashwagandha contains various alkaloids, steroidal lactones and saponins, and has been used for its supposed antistress, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic properties. This review reveals the important phyto-chemicals, various health benefits of Ashwagandha and its cultivation practices.