In this study, the aim was to find out the prevalence of blood groups in a group of neonates as well as in their mothers in Rockland Hospital, Delhi. In this study, the blood groups of 458 neonates and their 458 mothers were evaluated respectively. In our study, the results showed that the prevalence of different blood groups among one group of neonates was approximately: B+ 34%, O+ 27%, A+ 24%, AB+ 8% and Rh negative- 7 %. In this study, the results also showed that the prevalence of different blood groups among the mothers of the group of neonates was approximately as follows: O+ 30%, B+ 30%, A+ 21%, AB+ 10% and Rh negative- 9 %. Thus, there was similar trend of blood groups in both mothers and neonates. By conventional criteria, this difference was considered to be extremely statistically significant.