Association of some calpain-10 gene polymorphisms with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in iraq

Calpain10 is a member of a large family of intracellular proteases. It was the first candidate gene for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), earlier studies on Mexican-Americans and other populations have shown that polymorphisms, SNP-43, del/ins-19 and SNP-63, of this ubiquitously expressed protein influence susceptibility to T2DM. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (for DEL/INS-19) and Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) (for SNP-43 and SNP-63) were used to detect the calpain10 variants by using specific primers and restriction enzymes.Enrichment of allele 1(2R) in Del/Ins-19 and 2R/2R genotype were found in T2DM patients. While the alleles and genotypes distribution of SNP-43 and SNP-63 were not significantly different between patient groups and non-diabetic control subjects. The genotype AA in SNP-43 and genotype TT in SNP-63 were not found neither in T2DM nor in control subjects. Of the eight haplotypes detected, enrichment of haplotype 112 defined by variants of, SNP-43, Del/Ins-19, and SNP-63 was seen in patients. The distribution of the other haplotypes was comparable between patients and control subjects. The calpain10 haplotype combinations were also obtained, and the haplotype combinations 111/111 and 111 / 112; created by SNP-43, del/ins-19 and SNP-63 was associated with increasing the risk of T2DM.