June 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of new patent of some commercial feed additives on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and behaviour of male goat. Fifteen healthy uncastrated Baladi bucks were randomly fed one of five experimental ration; control ration without feed additives, and four experimental ration in which basal ration was supplemented with 5g/h/d from prebiotic, probiotic, fordex or their combination for ten weeks. Five digestibility trials were carried out and ruminal samples were taken to measure rumen fermentation parameters. During the experimental period, behavioural measured as duration and frequency of ingestive behaviour (eating, drinking and rumination), furthermore the frequency of eliminative behaviour (urination and defecation) were observed and recorded. Ration supplemented by fordex had significant (P < 0.05) higher digestion coefficients for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, total digestible nutrients and digestible crude protein as compared to other dietary supplements or the control. Rumen fermentation parameters (pH, total volatile fatty acids and ammonia-nitrogen concentration) at 0, 3 or 6 hours weren't significantly (P > 0.05) different for ration supplemented by all dietary supplements as compared to the control. Significant differences were observed among ration supplemented with different dietary supplement in ingestive and eliminative behaviour.

A new actinomycete sp. designated as AH 47 was isolated from the soil sample, collected from different geographical area in the Sudan and selected for its antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi. These isolate was taxonomically characterized on the basis of morphological, physiological and cultural characteristic studies and strongly suggested that this strain is a member of the genus Streptomyces. Nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene (1277 pb) of the AH 47 strain exhibited high similarity to the Streptomyces 16S rRNA genes. 16S rRNA sequence of strain has been submitted in the NCBI Gen Bank database (accession number GU013556). The active antibiotics were isolated from 1 L culture supernatant and from the biomass using reverse phase HPLC-DAD, various separation and purification steps, led to the isolation of three pure bioactive molecules. The chemical structure of these compounds was established on the basis on their ESI-MS and EI-MS, 1H and13C NMR data and by comparison with reference data from literature. These compounds were chemically characterized as actinomycin-D (m/z 1255), actinomycin X2 (m/z 1269) and actinomycin XαB (m/z 1271). This new Streptomyces species was able to produce a mixture of actinomycins and serves as a promising source of these antibiotics.

Background: Tuberculosis prevalence and mortality rates are increasing specially for the CNS infection which is life threatening and when it involves the spine it has the potential to cause serious morbidity, including permanent neurologic deficits and severe deformities and brain tuberculoma usually lead to death. Extra-pulmonary TB accounts for approximately 10% of tuberculous infections Methods: This quantitative descriptive case study hospital based conducted at Elshaab Teaching Hospital National Center for Neurological sciences (NCNS) between August 2009 and November 2010. PCR technique was used to diagnose 121patients suspected to have Pott's disease or brain tuberculomata. A group of healthy people who received BCG vaccine were included in this study as control group. The results: Patients suspected to have brain tuberculoma were sixty three (52.1%), Pott's disease were forty nine (40.5%) and other extrapulmonary tuberculosis were only nine (7.4%).The results of the PCR for M. tuberculosis from blood sample of the121 patients were positive in 60(49.6%) patients. The frequency of positive result found among Pott’s disease was 23.9% (n 29) followed by tuberculoma 21.4% (n 26) & other extra-pulmonary tuberculosis 4.1% (n 5) Recommendations: PCR for M. tuberculosis from blood specimen is recommended for diagnosis of patients suspected to have brain tuberculoma or Pott's disease according to their symptoms and their MRI findings.

Every minute, five people under 25 are infected with HIV. One in three persons living with HIV/AIDS is age 15-24 and most of them are unaware that they carry the virus. Millions more have little or no knowledge of the disease and do not know how to protect themselves or take measures to prevent the spread of the disease. The aim of this paper was to assess the comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS among young married Scheduled Castes women in Thiruvarur district, Tamil Nadu. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was applied to select 605 women in the age group of 15-24 years in all the five blocks in the period of ten months from July 2010 to April 2011. Result reveals that 91% of women had knowledge about the HIV/AIDS. Around 61.5% had high comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention and transmission among the respondents. The age of women, education of women, standard of living index and exposure to mass media had statistically significant association with comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The women who were more exposed to mass media were more likely to get knowledge of HIV/AIDS than the less exposed women (OR= 1.977). It concludes that health awareness program should be launched to enhance their knowledge of sexual health problems in the study area.

Different parameters of nesting biology of common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) were studied at hokersar wetland Kashmir, during 2012 breeding season. Breeding was initiated by the pair formation. Nesting sites were chosen in thick emergent vegetation, dominated by Typha and Phragmites.Nest were constructed by both sexes on a average in 6 days(range 4-10) but females played the dominant role and dimensions varied in different vegetation. Clutch size varied from 4-12 eggs and mean egg measurement were 41.10±1.94mmX30.08±2.11mm. Incubation was mainly performed by females during an average period of 21 days. Hatchlings were nidifugous and hatching period varied between 15hr to 21hr (average 18±1.58hr).Nesting and hatching success was calculated both by Mayfield (1975) as well as by traditional method. Causes of low success were also reported.

The present study was carried out during two breeding seasons (April to August) of 2010 and 2011 in Kupwara district of Jammu and Kashmir (India). The nests were made in the months April- July with May as the peak nesting month. Most of the nests were made in the bushes but some in low willows, bags and baskets hanging on walls. Both sexes took part in nest making. Nests were cup shaped with mean outer diameter of 15.22±0.82 cm, inner diameter of 7.68±0.82 cm and the depth of nest depression 4.61±0.29 cm. The average clutch size was 3.25±0.43. The eggs are dull white with red spots with average dimensions 22.67 ±0.2 mm X 16.58 ± 0.16 mm. Both sexes took part in incubation. The average incubation period was 12.1±0.76 days. Hatchlings were nidicolous and hatching success was 80.16%. Egg survival during incubation was 0.69. The fledging success was 86.37% and average nestling period was 13.95 ±0.67 days. Nestling survival during nestling period was 0.75 and overall breeding success was 69.23%.

This research was designed to study the effect of aqueous extract of Heinsia crinata commonly called “atama” on blood glucose level in non-diabetic rats. The extract and reference drug (glibenclamide) were administered intraperitoneally in dosage of 120,180,240 and 300mg per kilogramme body weight of rats, which were observed for 24hrs. Glucose estimation using the one touch glucometer at an internal of 2 hours into the eight hour and then at the 24 hour was done. The result showed a decrease in glucose level which was significant statistically at p< 0.05.The greatest reduction in blood glucose levels occurred between the 8th and 24th hours respectively and became noticeable after the 4th hour and more pronounced in the 120mg/Kg body weight which shows a decrease from 2.55±0.20Mmol/L to1.67±0.58 after the 24th hour. It also showed that with increase in dosage, there was a stimulatory effect of the extract which was not significant statistically at the p<0.05 level. This suggests that the hypoglycaemic effect of Heinsia crinata was not concentration but time dependent. The phytochemical analysis of the plant leaf extract both qualitatively and quantitatively revealled the presence of akaloid, saponnis, tannins flavonoid, terpenoids, carotenoids and anthraquinones. The dosage applied in the study did not show any toxic effect on the rats. The result therefore suggests that aqueous leaf extract of Heinsia crinata possess hypoglycaemic activity and so can be useful in the treatment of diabetes even as it is been used as food.

This study was intended to describe parent-teacher involvement in elementary schools of foreign-born parents from Southeast Asia and China, and its relations to their children’s academic and social development. Participants included 294 children from families with a Southeast Asian or Chinese spouse, their parents, and their homeroom teachers from 15 elementary schools purposefully chosen in central Taiwan. Results indicated that even though teachers rated that parents from Southeast Asia and China valued children’s education and shared same goals with schools, in reality, parents and teachers rarely had direct contacts with each other face to face. Indirect contacts (such as notes, phones) were more frequent. Mothers from China (including Hong Kong and Macau) were more involved with children’s school than mothers from Southeast Asia. Children whose parents were more involved with school had more popularity votes. School staffs and teachers were advised to take more active roles in engaging foreign-born parents.

Ichthyofaunal diversity of the River Dauk at Uttar Dinajpur District of West Bengal in India was investigated during the year 2009 and 2010. Three different stations of the river namely Bholagachh (Station I, S1), Chopra (Station II, S2) and Dalua (Station III, S3) were selected for sampling of the fishes. Overall eighteen species belonging to three orders and seven families were recorded in the sampling stations of the river. Cyprinidae was the most dominating family (80.10%) with ten species. Cobitidae was the next dominant family having three species (11.33%). Balitoridae (1.45%), Nandidae (2.31%), Ambassidae (1.95%), Gobiidae (0.43%) and Sisoridae (2.43%) families represented only single species of each. Barilius bendelisis (26.37%), Aspidoparia morar (26.29%) and Puntius chola (15.11%) of the family Cyprinidae were the most abundant among the available species during the study period at all the three stations. Distribution of the fish among the different stations was not uniform during the study period. It was concluded that fish assemblage in the river Dauk was poor as compared to previous records. Habitat degradation, over exploitation and effluents discharge from Teesta Hydro-electric Power Project could influence the distribution of fish in this river.

Face centered cubic nickel has been synthesized through reduction of nickel chloride by hydrazine at 900C.X-ray powder diffraction showed that as-prepared samples were nickel with FCC structure. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the particles were spherical and EDAX study confirmed the presence of high purity of nickel. Magnetic measurements showed that samples were ferromagnetic. The value of remanent magnetization and coercivity was enhanced while the value of saturation magnetization was decreased when compared to bulk nickel at room temperature.

Lake Tana is the biggest fresh water body in Ethiopia. Recently the Lake and its catchment water resources have been identified as one of the most important sources for hydropower, irrigation, and fishery development. However, there are huge uncertainties in estimating the water balance terms of both the Lake and its catchment. These will have an effect in developing the resources in a sustainable manner. The purpose of this article is to model and simulate the outflow series from the catchment measured at the Outlet of the Lake. This will give an opportunity to look the development impacts and their sustainability from the net supply perspective. A first order autoregressive model with model parameters Ø1 = 0.7845 and σa = 0.612 is identified as an adequate model to represent the deseasonalized series of the net supply of the catchment.

Stressful stimuli can disrupt the physiological homeostasis. Acute and chronic stressors influence brain function and it is known to be the key factor for the genesis of various psychological disorders. The present study was designed to elucidate the influence of acute and chronic stress on different brain tissues of wistar albino rats. The animals were divided into two major groups as non stressed group (n =10) and stressed group (n =10). The stressed groups were divided into acute (one day) stress groups and chronic (30 days) groups. The animals of the stressed groups were subjected to acute and chronic types of swimming stress and immobilization stress. Lipid peroxidation was estimated in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum. Acute swimming stress and chronic immobilization stress significantly (P<0.001) increased the lipid peroxidation level in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus. Whereas, acute immobilization stress and chronic swimming stress increased (P<0.001) the cerebellar lipid peroxidation. The observed regional specific alterations in lipid peroxidation levels show that the nature of the stressors are probably capable of generating a different degree of cellular imbalance in between pro-oxidants and antioxidants which may provide some approach on variety of neurological and psychological processes as well as their treatment.

Fascioliasis is one of the most prevalent helminth infections of ruminants in different parts of the world. The current study highlights the phenotypic differences of aetiological agents of Fascioliasis in bovines i.e., Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. The phenotypic parameters taken into consideration were BL, BW, OL, OW and BL/BW ratios. The data was subjected to one way ANOVA followed by Tuky test by using PRIMER version 4. Morphometrical values of Fasciola spp. revealed longer F. gigantica (33.66 4.42) as compared to Fasciola hepatica (25.194.22). Moreover, F. gigantica had narrower bodies (5.48 ) compared to F. hepatica (5.70 ). The differences in the mean body length; mean body width; and mean of BL/BW ratios of body were significant (p<0.05). The current abattoir study also revealed the predominance of F. gigantica (78.16%) to F. hepatica (21.39%) in cattle. The electrophoretic pattern under reducing conditions of 12% SDS-PAGE showed some similarities and differences between crude somatic protein extraxt of Fasciola gigantica which revealed presence of 11 bands and 14 bands in case of Fasciola hepatica coexisting in bovines.

Bridelia retusa Spreng belong to family Euphorbiaceae and is being used in the indigenous systems of medicine for the treatment of rheumatism and also used as astringent. The drug part used is the grayish brown roots of this plant. The species is also well known in ayurvedic medicine for kidney stone. The present paper reveals the botanical standardization on the root of B.retusa. The Pharmacognostic studies include macroscopic, microscopic characters, histochemistry and phytochemistry. The phytochemical and histochemical test includes starch, protein, saponin, sugar, tannins, glycosides and alkaloids. Percentage extractives, ash and acid insoluble ash, fluorescence analysis and HPTLC.

The present study was conducted from June 2011 to May 2012 to investigate the status of Eimeriosis in domestic/free range chickens of South Kashmir (India) with respect to age and season and to know the intensity of the infection. Out of total 169 representative samples of domestic/free range chickens, 50.89% were found infected. The infection was observed all around the year but the prevalence was highest during the winter season (70.27%), declined in spring (68.75%) and reached its minimum levels in summer season (29.27%) and started to rise in autumn (34.88%). 3-6 week age group of birds was most affected (70.31%) and >6 week age group was less affected (31.67%). 72.09%, 22.09% and 05.81% of the positive samples showed unapparent, low grade and heavy infections respectively with overall mean oocyst count of 834.94±672.01.

Symbiotic ex-situ germination of terrestrial orchid, Calanthe masuca D.Don Lindl. was investigated using seven isolates recovered from the roots of five terrestrial orchids of Western Ghats, Karnataka, India (C.masuca, Malaxis versicolor, Pecteilis susanne, Satyrium nepalense, Nervilia crociformis). Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the fungal isolates was done based on the alignment of internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Calanthe seeds collected from the natural habitats were used for germination studies along with isolated fungal cultures under laboratory conditions. Seed germination was found with Tulasnella, an isolate from Malaxis rather from Gliocladium, an isolate from Calanthe.

A new battle is being fought in the war for talent, with analysts, human resources (HR) professionals and executives around the world the main combatants. Likewise, we cannot ignore the other ongoing war for talent that informs organizations talent strategies. Although there is not necessarily a shortage of good people globally, organizations often report that local talent is hard to find and they compete fiercely to fill skilled and professional roles. The aging workforce, together with rapid changes in technology is continuing to force HR professionals to search globally for talent and increase training and development budgets. The simultaneous challenge to traditional HR practices with the rapid rise of mobile technology and social media. These new capabilities are changing the way data is collected on employees and external candidates: from recruiting via social media sites to testing candidates on their smart phones, organizations must consider how to ensure consistency and fairness in their recruiting and hiring processes.

This study was aimed to estimate currentstatus of physico-chemical characteristics of Dal Lake at Srinagar District, Kashmir. Monthly changes in physico-chemical parameters such as water temperature, transparency, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, Free Co2, Alkalinity, chlorides, Ammonical nitrogen, Nitrate nitrogen and Total phosphorus were analyzed for a period of one year from January to December 2011. Among various Physico chemical parameters water temperature varied from 4.8⁰C to 25.6⁰C, transparency from 0.72 m to 1.66 m, pH of water was on alkaline side (7.34 to 8.2)., Conductivity ranged from 292.4 μs/cm to 406.2μS/cm, dissolved oxygen from 4.7 mg/L to 7.9 mg/l, free carbon dioxide from 08.80 mg/L to 20.50mg/L, total alkalinity from 130.70 mg/L to 181.00 mg/L. During the study period, higher values of ammonical nitrogen were recorded during summer and lower during winter season, nitrate nitrogen values recorded were in the range of 365.1 μg/L to 607 μg/L. Lower values of total phosphorous were observed during winter season and higher during Autumn season.

Solanum xanthocarpum, a medicinal herb is of great economic importance due to its immense therapeutic and pesticidal properties. The present study was carried out to develop guidelines for in vitro multiplication of Solanum xanthocarpum. Explants like stem nodes, leaves and axillary buds were cultured on MS media supplemented with phytoharmones viz. BAP, 2,4 D, Kinetin, NAA, in various combinations and their response towards callus induction and shoot formation was observed. While leaves and axillary bud explants exhibited callus formation only, stem node responded to yield both callus and shoot formation. Nodal explants responded best to cytokinins and can be used for regeneration studies of this plant.

The main objective of this paper is to provide the analysis of the diesel engine such as performance & characteristic curves, fuel economy, power developed and exhaust emission levels; when the four stroke internal combustion compression ignition diesel engine is fueled with soybean biodiesel (B100 with 5% ethanol) and petroleum diesel. The various parameters have been evaluated for each of the fuel used such as brake power developed, specific fuel consumption, indicated thermal efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency and exhaust emission gas levels of CO, HC, CO2, O2 and NOx and comparisons of them have been given. In addition to B100 and petroleum diesel, different blends of pure biodiesel such as B25, B50 and B75 have also been analyzed, compared among each other and shown. The aim of this paper is to prove that Soybean Oil: Biodiesel is the most sustainable alternative and renewable fuel, which not only shows similar performance characteristics, fuel consumption & efficiencies with respect to petro-diesel, but also shows reduction in amount of pollution causing gases in exhaust when compared with the same.

In this study the antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts obtained from genus Sesuvium L. was examined in vitro against eight strains of bacteria and three strains of fungi. Four extracts of S.portulacastrum obtained by extraction in methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate solvents respectively, were compared for their antimicrobial and antifungal activity. These activities were assessed by measuring the diameter of inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values.

Introduction: Significant limitations in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior are been observed in people with Mental retardation, which are expressed in their conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. This disability originates before the age of 18. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of 10-weeks exercise program on Psychomotor ability (reaction ability and speed of movement time) of mentally challenged (MC) children. Method: Total 30 trainable mentally challenged children (15) experimental group and (15) control group without multiple disabilities were selected for the present study. The mean age of the groups was 12.33±0.84 years. Experimental and control groups were tested for reaction time and speed of movement time and back word target throw before and after physical education training program for 10 weeks. All the participants selected were the children without previous physical activity experience. Results: comparative statistics showed significant difference in pre and post test measurements in all studied variables in the experimental group under study (p<0.05). It is concluded that participation in Physical Education training program improved psychomotor ability in MR children.

The Indian rivers are proven to be significant sites of cyprinid diversity. Kerala is a state with 44 rivers flowing through the land, forty one west flowing and three east flowing. The streams of Kerala included in the Southern and central division of Western Ghats are considered unique for their exceptional biodiversity with respect to freshwater fishes. Puzhakkal is one of the 41 west flowing rivers of Kerala originating in the Machad hill range and flowing terminally into the Kol fields. It flows along northern part of Thrissur and drains into the Enamakal lake and then to Arabian Sea. The present work investigates the icthyofaunal diversity of Puzhakkal river. collections of live fishes were made during January 2009 to December 2012. 71 species belonging to 48 genus and 26 family and eleven orderswere collected from the present survey. The river exhibited rich endemism with respect to icthyofaunal diversity and is also subjected to severe stress.

A rectangular buried vertical fault of finite length of strike-slip nature in an elastic layer over a viscoelastic half space representing the lithosphere-asthenosphere system has been considered here. Stresses and strain accumulate in the region due to various tectonic processes, such as mantle convection and plate movements etc, which ultimately leads to movements across the fault. In the present paper, a three-dimensional model of the system is considered and analytic expressions for displacements, stresses and strains in the model have been obtained using suitable mathematical techniques developed for this purpose. A suitable numerical technique is adapted for computer simulation. A detailed study of these expressions may give some ideas about the nature of stress-strain accumulation in the system, which in turn will be helpful in formulating an effective earthquake prediction programme.

Helminths are of great interest to the ecologists because of their ordered life cycle. They are also considered as one of the important sensitive parasites to any changes in the water quality. Helminth parasites of exotic and indigenous fish were examined with the aim to evaluate their possible use as biological tags. This study quantified the seasonal prevalence and intensity of the helminth parasites in Shallabugh Wetland. Fish hosts studied includes two native fish of genus - Schizothorax and two exotic fish of genus - Cyprinus. 486 Fish specimens were examined out of which 197 were infected showing the overall prevalence of 40.53%. Our results show highest prevalence of helminth parasites in all the hosts examined viz., S. niger =59.25%, S. labiatus = 55.55%, C. c. communis = 61.11% and C. c. specularis = 55.55%, during summer months than spring and autumn. Positive relation between the infection indicies of Helminth parasites and temperature suggests that helminth parasites can be used as stress indicators. It is further suggested that helminth parasites should be integrated with biomonitoring programmes, as they can provide supplementary information on pollution.

The main aim of the present study was to validate the nutritive value of economically important fish Schizothorax plagiostomus of Kashmir valley. Schizothorax plagiostomus (Khont) Heckel, 1838, locally available teleost of Kashmir valley were sampled form March 2012 to February 2013 to analyze the seasonal and monthly variation in the total protein content of muscle tissue. Results show that the nutritive value of a species of fish varies throughout the year. Marked fluctuations in protein content of the fish have been analyzed during the study period. Highest protein values in muscles of Schizothorax plagiostomus were recorded in July and lowest was observed in the December. In conclusion, it was seen that protein content in the muscle of Schizothorax plagiostomus was significantly influenced by the season, spawning, availability of food etc.

The present paper deals with flower morphology, anthesis, pollen production, pollen ovule ratio, foraging behaviour of flower visitors, pollen germination (in vitro and in vivo) and stigma receptivity of Solanum sisymbrifolium Lamk. belonging to the family Solanaceae, which is an important medicinal plant. The flowers open in between 5.00 to 7.00 hrs. As soon as flowers open, different insects like Thrips, Ceratina viridissima, Apis sp., Amegilla sp., Xylocopa sp. and few members of Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera visit flowers to collect forage materials and help in pollination. A single flower produces an average of 4,475,266 pollen grains and pollen ovule ratio was obtained 14918:1. The maximum (90%) pollen germination along with 1305m tube development was observed in 20% sucrose solution supplemented with 100ppm boric acid. In vivo pollen germination showed that the stigma receptivity was maximum (70%) at first day after anthesis and showing 90.54% in vivo germinating pollen along with 1406m pollen tube over stigma head.

We obtain infinitely many non-zero integer quintuples satisfying the Quintic Equation with five unknowns. .Various interesting properties between the values of , and special polygonal and pyramidal numbers are presented.

This study was carried out to evaluate proteins encoded by different fragments of HCV genes for detection hepatitis C infection. Eighty eight Iraqi hepatitis C patients were involved in this study, these patients attended the Gastroenterology Department of Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period from December 2009 to March 2011. These patients included 58 males and 30 females with ages ranged between (16-64) year. The results of this study showed that 88 specimens were immunoreactive to one or more of the 4 HCV recombinant proteins, besides that 34 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy individuals (included 21 males and 13 females) they served as a control group, all the samples obtained from control group didn't show any reactivity to hepatitis C virus. Additionally, the positive rates of anti-capsid, anti-NS3,anti-NS4 and anti-NS5 were 77.2%,64.7%,55.6% and 46.5% respectively, while 13.6 % reacted to capsid protein, 5.7% reacted to NS3 protein, in addition, 3.4% reacted to NS4 protein, furthermore, 2.3% only reacted to NS5 protein. Finally, all the 88 specimens (100%) were immuno-reactive to the mixed proteins. In conclusion, Our results sustain different immunoreactivity of the HCV recombinant proteins encoded by different fragments of C virus gene, therefore the mixture of all the protein derived from HCV different regions should be applied in further HCV diagnostic test to detect hepatitis C infection.

The concept of “Financial Inclusion” is inbuilt in the structure of Urban Co-operative Bank. As Urban Co-operative Banks are mostly working in the rural and semi-urban areas .They are the back bone of banking system and contribute for growth of the nation .The researcher aims to analyze the financial performance of Anantapur Urban Cooperative bank. The study used exploratory research design which relies on secondary data. The analyzed data reveals that there was significant growth in the deposits mobilization, loans and advances, working capital, reserves and owned funds. There is no significant growth in membership but there was significant growth in share capital per member with CGR of 9.43.There was significant increase in the total cash with the bank which is growing at CGR of 12.44.There was no significant growth in CDR .There was significant difference in the growth and composition of income. The total expenses were increasing significantly with CGR of 16.61. Even though there was increasing trend in the Net Profits earned during the study period except in the year 2006-07 but it was statistically in significant .The EPS of AUCB was enhanced which is statistically significant during the study. Therefore the performance of AUCB was satisfactory.

The present study tries to examine the influence of natural and oxidative stress [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment]-induced senescence on peroxidase (POD) activity in neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss) leaves. Data indicated that incubation of detached leaves in presence of H2O2 has induced POD(s), that enzyme activity is also enhanced in natural senescing leaves. Changes in POD activity and protein loss during H2O2-promoted senescence has shown similarity with natural senescence suggests that the underlying regulatory mechanisms might be the same in both stresses, at least in neem. Initial induction of POD activity under H2O2 stress suggests that PODs play a very important role during the early phases of leaf senescence. Reduction in POD activity along with the increase in protein loss at latter stages suggests that there was no correlation between PODs and senescence, at least in neem.

The steady flow of through a catheterized tapered artery with a stenosis is analyzed, assuming the blood as a non-Newtonian Herschel-Bulkley fluid. A system of non linear partial differential equations for blood flow of the artery was obtained. The governing equations are solved using calculus method. The width of the plug flow region increases with the increase of the yield stress, and the reverse behavior is noticed when the steady state pressure gradient increases when all the other parameters are kept fixed. It is observed that the velocity and flow rate decrease while the wall shear stress and resistance to flow increase when the yield stress or catheter radius ratio or angle of tapering increases while all the other parameters held fixed.