Prevalence of Type2 Diabetes in North-East India: A Review

Background: Globally, it is accepted that Diabetes is one of the most threatening public health issue which has become pandemic. There is rise in the prevalence of Diabetes in all parts of the World, India being one the country to have high prevalence to suffer from Diabetes next to China. Numerous factors cause diabetes, however, environmental being the most important risk factor to cause diabetes. Many studies have shown that human gene also play its important role in causing diabetes, 50 percent of diabetes patient have their family or parents suffering from diabetes. High prevalence of diabetes is found among the overweight and obese people, those who are inactive in their lifestyle. Objective: The presents study will be focusing on Type 2 diabetes with an aim of finding the prevalence in all the states of North East, India Methods: The present paper consists of works which were published during the year 2010 to 2017, a period of eight years. Result: According to the study conducted by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) India Diabetes Study reported that in blood sugar level of >140 mg/dl the urban women show the highest blood glucose level (9.4%) in both Mizoram and Tripura which is followed by Manipur with (8.8%) and Sikkim with (7.8%) whereas in case of men the highest blood glucose level can be seen in Nagaland (11.1%) followed by Mizoram and Sikkim with (10.7%). There is high prevalence of Type2 diabetes among the overweight and obese group. In some states male show higher prevalence and in other female show higher. Summary: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is affected both by gene and environment, person with parental history of diabetes have a higher prevalence. Various lifestyle plays important role in relation to the conversion of type2 diabetes. People who are physically inactive are more prone to suffer from diabetes than people who are physically active. It is necessary to conduct more screening for prevalence of diabetes and its risk factors in North East region, as very few data were available.