A Review of Pharmacotherapy and Treatment in Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a common problem that causes bones to become abnormally thin, weakened, and easily broken (fractured). Women are at a higher risk for osteoporosis after menopause due to lower levels of estrogen, a female hormone that helps to maintain bone mass. Fortunately, preventive treatments are available that can help to maintain or increase bone density. Prolonged therapy with and/or high doses of certain medications can increase bone loss. The use of these medications should be monitored by a healthcare provider and decreased or discontinued when possible. For those already affected by osteoporosis, prompt diagnosis of bone loss and assessment of fracture risk are essential because therapies are available that can slow further loss of bone or increase bone density. The aim of all drug treatments is to lower your risk of future fractures and there are a range of effective medications that do just that. Medicines are used to both prevent and treat osteoporosis. Some medicines slow the rate of bone loss or increase bone thickness. Even small amounts of new bone growth can reduce your risk of broken bones. If you take medicine for osteoporosis, you will also need to get enough calcium and vitamin D, eat a healthy diet, and exercise regularly. A large part of treating or reducing the effects of osteoporosis is getting enough calcium and vitamin D. Exercise, which not only improves your bone health, but increases muscle strength, coordination and balance. Safety issues to prevent falls that may result in fractures, such as removing loose rugs around your house. In addition, our orthopedic surgeon may prescribe a medication to slow or stop bone loss, increase bone density, and reduce your risk of fracture which will be discussed in detail in this Review.