Cereals diversity and farmers' seed conservation practices in the sahelian zone of Burkina Faso

Background: The Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso is characterized by erratic rainfall, high temperatures, and frequent droughts, involving significant challenges to agricultural production. To mitigate these climate risks, farmers cultivate diverse and resilient cereal varieties, which play a crucial role in ensuring food security and sustaining livelihoods. Objectives: This study aims to assess the diversity of cereal cultivars and document traditional seed conservation strategies in the communes of Gourcy and Bilanga, located in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso. Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among 60 households across four villages. Data were collected through group discussions and individual interviews using a structured questionnaire, supplemented by direct observations of seed conservation practices and field visits. Results: The main cereal crops identified in the study area are sorghum, maize, and millet. Sorghum is the most dominant and diversified species, with 23 distinct phenotypes recorded. Additionally, 11 maize phenotypes and 3 pearl millet phenotypes were documented. Local cultivar names are based on phenotypic characteristics or the origin of the variety. Regarding seed conservation, sorghum seeds are typically stored as panicles, whereas maize and millet seeds are preserved as ears. These seeds are kept in distinguishable heaps within traditional granaries or suspended from the roofs of houses and sheds. Seed sampling and analysis indicate that these conservation methods effectively maintain seed physical quality over time. Conclusion: The observed diversity of plant genetic resources in the studied villages represents a valuable asset for both conservation efforts and future breeding programs. Preserving and promoting these traditional seed conservation practices could enhance agricultural resilience and contribute to long-term food security in the region.