June 2018

Background: The tooth whitening has been proposed long in dentistry, but in recent years the emphasis of the media in creating a standard of beauty increasingly clear teeth this has gained a huge demand in offices, because it is a technical conservative that returns the smile the desired beauty. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze through the literary finds the best whitening cosmetic treatment, home and / or office and guide the professional and choosing the best whitening technique and control in reducing sensitivity caused by bleaching. Methods: For the identification of studies in this review study, carried OUT A detailed search strategy for Medline, Pubmed, Embase, Ovid and Cochrane Library in the years 1989 - 2016, as well as books and related to the topic magazines. Discussion: Nowadays it created a new smile pattern, the search for white teeth has been increasingly sought after day for greater acceptance as a standard of beauty. With all the information nowadays these bleaching techniques were more efficient when supervised by a trained professional. Conclusion: Both techniques are excellent when well conducted by professional and well educated to the patient, thus enabling treatment satisfaction for the patient and the professional.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability. It is a critical issue in dealing with public health and socioeconomic crisis throughout the world. Extradural hematomas (EDH) accounts for 10.6% of all head injury patients admitted to the hospital and occur in 5-15% of fatal head injuries. This was a single center, retrospective, multivariate analysis of 1150 patients with EDH treated at a tertiary care hospital in India. Objective(S): To assess the immediate and long term outcome of patients in terms of the Glasgow outcome score (GOS), and to analyze the factors predicting outcome in patients managed for traumatic EDH. Methods: Retrospective single center study. Details of patients who were admitted with traumatic EDH from August 2013 to July 2016 were collected from medical records and discharge summaries, namely, patient’s age, sex, mode of injury, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), nature of pupils at admission, head CT at the time of admission including volume of EDH, associated lesions, midline shift and degree of effacement of basal cistern, management and duration of hospital stay. Results: 1015 patients were males (88.1%) and 137 patients were females (11.9%). Median age at presentation was 30 years (22-43 years). The most common mode of injury was road traffic accident which accounted for 87.8%. The most common presenting complaint was head ache (61.8%) followed by loss of consciousness (31.4%). There exists a significant negative correlation (spearman correlation coefficient - -0.171; p - 0.000) between age and GCS at admission. significant relationship exists between GCS at admission and age, sex of the patient, volume of EDH, pupils at admission, cisternal effacement and midline shift (p - <0.05). 387 had associated intracranial lesions. 64.5% had associated fractures, of which temporal bone fractures were the most common (33.2%) followed by frontal bone fractures (19.5%). Among those patients who survived (966 patients (83.85%)), mean duration of stay was 8 days (6-12 days). Surgery was indicated for 402 patients (34.9%) Conclusions: Factors for good functional outcome of treatment of EDH as noted in this study are abnormal pupils on admission, GCS at admission, presence of associated intracranial lesions and time between neurological deterioration and surgery. Other prognostic factors identified from our study includes age of the patient, sex, volume of EDH >30ml, cisternal effacement and midline shift >5mm.

Provenance: Kissing as a societal habit, is as ancient as recorded History. Kissing , long practiced in many cultures and regarded as a benign from of social communication, is not as innocent as most will believe. Aim: This article appraises types of kissing and possible disadvantages arising from ignorant sub-conscious spread of infection. Discussion: Progressive knowledge about viruses (mainly Hepatitis, Human Papilloma Viruses, and others), and their relation to infections and cancer, have coerced compelling re-assessment of social and personal kissing habits. Concluding Remarks: Kissing may be a dangerous practice for picking up infections and increased awareness of this should be publicized by all health care workers, particularly dentists.

A multidisciplinary approach is often necessary to treat dental problems in patients. Periodontics and Orthodontics are interrelated in variety of situations. A variety of periodontal procedures can be performed which are beneficial for orthodontic outcome. An impacted maxillary anterior tooth, particularly the canine, is a common problem. Unerupted teeth were usually scheduled to be extracted in the past, nowadays can be saved and take their place in the dental arch. A 20-years-old female Patient with impacted canine was treated with surgical exposure to form well- aligned dental arch. Selective alveolar corticotomy is defined as an intentional injury to cortical bone. A 25-years-old male patient was treated with corticotomy for the space closure between maxillary left canine and premolar. This technique is an effective means of accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Thus, there are many benefits to integrating orthodontics and periodontics in management of patients for accelerating tooth movement.

Introduction: Image guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of retroperitoneal masses is an increasingly common diagnostic procedure in oncology (Porter, 1981). It has a brought a revolution in the field of cytopathological diagnosis of a less accessible site like retroperitoneum. Aims and Objectives: The aim of our study was to assess efficiency of image guided FNAC in pre-operative diagnosis and management of retroperitoneal lesions. Material and Methods: The study was conducted over a period of three years from june 2014 to june 2017. It included analysis of 108 patients who presented clinically and radiologically with retroperitoneal lesions. Results: Out of the total 108 retroperitoneal lesions studied with majority of the patients belonging to the age group of 51-60 years (39.13%).The study revealed a male predominance (58.3%). The malignant lesions predominated and constituted a total of 61(56.4%) cases. Majority of the cases were from the pancreas (62.9%) followed by kidney (23.2%). Among the pancreatic lesions adenocarcinoma (63.9%) was the most common tumor. RCC constituting 47.4% of the renal lesions was the most common. Among the retroperitoneal lymph nodes also metastatic adenocarcinoma (40%) was the most common lesion. Histopathological correlation could be done in 38 cases and all 38 cases were compatible with the cytological diagnosis. Conclusion: The study revealed that image guided FNAC is an excellent diagnostic modality and shows high accuracy and high sensitivity in diagnosing retroperitoneal lesions with minimal complications

Protein-energy malnutrition is a major public health problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This work aims to determine the cultural and socio-economic risk factors of protein-energy malnutrition in children, from 0 to 59 months, attending the General Hospital of Bingerville (Côte d’Ivoire). The methodology is based on anthropometry. It thus gives ratios of weight for height (W/H), height for age (H/A) and weight for age (W/A) which respectively determine acute malnutrition, chronic malnutrition and global malnutrition. The results show that in a cohort of 129 children, aged 0 to 59 months, 5.22 % of children suffer from acute malnutrition, 14.78 % suffer from chronic malnutrition and 7.75 % are suffering from global malnutrition. It appears from these results that the nationality is linked to chronic malnutrition, the educational level of the mother is a risk factor of chronic and global malnutrition, and the type of housing is linked to the three kinds of malnutrition.

Aim of study: To compare efficacy of Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local an aesthetic agent in supraclavicular brachial plexus block with respect to onset and duration of sensory and motor block, potency and duration of analgesia. Methodology: Total of 100 patients were studied Patients of either sex was randomly allocated into Group C and Group D. Group C –. Received Bupivacaine 0.25% (35 ml) + inj Clonidine 1 mcg / kg. Group D--. received Bupivacaine 0.25% (35 ml) + injDexmedetomidine 1 mcg/kg Sensory block was assessed by the pin prick method. Assessment of motor block was carried out each minute till complete motor blockade after the drug injection. Patients were assessed for duration of analgesia as per a numeric rating scale of 0 to 10. Results: The mean time for onset of sensory block in group D was 9.17±1.26 mins and that observed in group C was 11.07±2.14 mins. Mean duration of sensory block in group D was 690 ± 87.41min and in group C was 470 ± 55 min. The mean time for onset of motor block in group D was 12.63 ± 2.18 min and 15.17±1.77 min in group C. The mean duration of motor block in D group was 353.17 ± 41.24min and in group C was 270.51 ± 51.61min. The duration of analgesia was 448.40 ± 91.97 min in D group and 309.20±37.30 min in C group. Both Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine when used in the mentioned doses above does not produce haemodynamic instability and respiratory depression. Conclusion: From our study, the use of α-2 agonists, Dexmedetomidine (1 mcg/kg) and Clonidine (1 mcg/kg) as adjuvants to local anaesthetic solution (0.25% Bupivacaine ) in supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb surgeries, we conclude that faster onset of sensory and motor block is seen with Dexmedetomidine as compared to Clonidine. Duration of sensory and motor block and postoperative analgesia is significantly prolonged with Dexmedetomidine as compared to Clonidine. Haemodynamic parameters, side effects and sedation scores are comparable between the two groups.

Pain is the most distressing consequence ever experienced by the patients during their life journey. Pain assessment is vital in supporting the diagnosis of the source of pain and for effective treatment. McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) is a multidimensional tool widely used clinically to evaluate significant qualities of pain. It can be used to assess the pain over time and to determine the usefulness of any intervention. It was developed by Dr. Melzack at McGill University in Montreal Canada and updated for another two versions; the latest version being enabled to assess both neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain. It demonstrated good construct and concurrent validity. The objective of this paper was to review the published literature to describe the applications of MPQ in pain assessment. From the eligible studies, 23 different MPQ language versions and 5 adapted versions were identified. The MPQ has been adopted as a pain assessment tool in many countries and validated in different patient populations such as those with cancer pain, low back pain and post-operative pain. Validity and reliability of the MPQ as a qualitative and quantitative measure of pain for statistical analysis among cross cultures and languages were shown.

Background: Acute scrotum has different etiological factors. Some factors like epididymo-orchitis can be treated with medical management, but some conditions like torsion and incarcerated hernia require immediate surgical intervention to treat the patient. Ultrasound with colour Doppler is an important non-invasive tool to rule out these aetiologies for acute scrotum. Aims: • To study cases of acute scrotum with ultrasound and color Doppler and note the diagnostic appearances of various diseases. • To correlate sonographic findings with clinical follow up and post operative diagnosis. • To find out limitations of sonography and color Doppler for evaluation of acute scrotum. Settings and Design: This is a cross section type of study performed in our department of radiology. Methods and Material: Patients of acute scrotal pain referred to Department of Radiology for sonographic evaluation were taken for study from November 2015 to April 2017. Echotexture and vascularity of both the testes and epididymis were evaluated. Statistical analysis used: Data was analyzed using diagram, mean ± SD, proportions. Results: In our study of 50 patients presenting with acute scrotum, 5 cases were of torsion, 36 cases of epididymo-orchitis, 2 cases of incarcerated hernia and 7 cases of varicocele. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgical exploration or follow up on the medical line of treatment Conclusions: Ultrasound with colour Doppler is an excellent modality for diagnosis of acute scrotum.

Aim: To evaluate retention of complete denture with different types of posterior palatal seals Material and methods: In this study, we had selected ten male patients between the age group of 50 years to 60 years. After the primary and secondary impressions were taken, five casts were made including a cast without posterior palatal seal, a cast with single bead posterior palatal seal, a cast with double bead posterior palatal seal, a cast with cupid bow shaped posterior palatal seal, and a cast with posterior palatal seal with low fusing compound by functional method. Results: It was observed that retention increased up to 101% in the posterior palatal seal with low fusing compound with functional method and the posterior palatal seal that was obtained by using functional method provided greater retention than a denture base without posterior palatal seal. Conclusion: It was concluded that the incorporation of a posterior palatal seal is important for obtaining optimum retention of the maxillary complete denture.

Krimi Granthi is explained as one of the nine Sandhigata netra roga. It is a common clinical condition comes across in general ophthalmic practice, which can be correlated to Blepharitis. Its cardinal features are Kandu, Daha, Pakshmapota and Pooyasrava Granthi with Krimi. Study carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Pratisarana with Triphaladi Rasakriya & Ela Choorna after Darvi Seka in the Management of Krimi Granthi. 20 patients in each group fulfilling the inclusion criteria of Krimi Granthi were selected from O.P.D and I.P.D of Shalakya Tantra, SKAMCH & RC, Bangalore. Darvi Seka done for 5 days in both the groups followed with Triphaladi Rasakriya Pratisarana and Ela Choorna Pratisarana in each group respectively for 7 days.Overall the effect of treatment was statistically highly significant After Darvi Seka, After Pratisarana and at Follow up on all the parameters. Though both groups showed highly significant differences, within the group analysis however on comparing the t- values it can be inferred that Group A has showed better results when compared to Group B on Burning sensation, Congestion and Scaling. Whereas on Itching, Lacrimation, photophobia and lid margin edema Group B has showed better result than Group A. But at the time of follow up Group A has showed better result than group B. Triphaladi Rasakriya Pratisaarana was Marginally better than Ela choorna Pratisarana, due to the combination of Chakshusya, Kandugna, Vranaropana drugs which proved beneficial for sustained duration and no any adverse effects noted in the both groups.

Background and Objectives: With the establishment of FNA procedure for diagnosis of lymphadenopathy, biopsies of lymph nodes have drastically reduced in number. However some clinical scenario warrants further evaluation of lymph nodes, especially as lymphomas are a heterogenous group of disorders. This case series includes five cases diagnosed on FNAC as reactive lymphadenitis where the architecture and distribution of cells played a key role in diagnosis. Methods: A total of 491 patients were diagnosed with reactive lymphadenitis during a study period. Biopsies were obtained in nine cases of reactive lymphadenitis. Result: Four cases of reactive lymphadenitis diagnosed on histopathology were also diagnosed on cytology. 5 cases reported as reactive on cytology showed features of tubercular lymphadenitis, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma, metastatic deposits of squamous cell carcinoma and Castleman’s disease (one each) on histological examination. Interpretation: Positive predictive value of FNA diagnosis of reactive lymphadenitis was 77.27%. That leaves a huge number of cases where possibilities of other diagnosis can not be excluded. Architecture of the lymph node is key in the diagnosis of most lymphomas. Conclusion: Reactive lymphadenitis / a negative cytology, although reassuring for the patient, should always be interpreted with the clinical picture in mind. It does not rule out serious underlying disorder.

The Zambian government through the Ministry of Health and Ministry of General Education has a responsibility to ensure that conditions for schooling are the best to achieve through establishing health-promoting schools and structures. World over, there has been substantial evidence, which indicates that the health of children and young people has been a major factor affecting their capacity to learn. Similarly the level of individual`s education influences their health. This document provides a framework for supporting the growth and development of health-promoting schools in Zambia. Its purpose is to support the national, regional and district structures in developing their actions for health promoting schools in the country. The document is not prescriptive in nature and offers freedom of interpretation while upholding the cornerstones of health promoting schools in the country. Greater detail on how to carry out activities will be contained in a health –promoting school strategy. The “Health-Promoting School Concept” has been found to offer some advantages such as: • The concept utilizes a holistic model of health that includes the interrelationships between physical, social, mental and aspects of the environment • It encourages participation of communities and families in the development of knowledge and health skills of their school going children • It addresses the significance of the physical environment such as school buildings, safe water, sanitation, play grounds and these contribute to the health of the children • The importance of the social ethos of the school becomes recognized in supporting a positive learning environment and one in which healthy relationships and the emotional well-being of the pupils/students is strengthened. • The concept links the national, regional and local health service delivery with the learning institutions addressing specific health concerns, which affect school children and teachers [health concerns, diseases, events and medical conditions]. • Finally, the concept enhances equity in education and health in raising competencies in health of girls, boys, men and women in the school and community through the provision of a positive and supportive school/home working environment. The Ministry of Health, Ministry of General Education and their Collaborating Partners are dedicated and focused to ensuring successful execution of the health-promoting school “Concept Note”. I therefore request that all the stakeholders involved in health –promoting schools program have a focus and make the concept initiative a reality for the country.

Periapical inflammation occurs as a consequence of insult to the dental pulp in different ways including infection, physical and iatrogenic trauma, and, following endodontic therapy by the damaging effects of root canal filling materials. A problem of endodontic origin is solved mainly by cleaning and disinfecting the root canal system that in turn is dependent on various factors which includes efficient instrumentation, type of irrigant used and the technique applied for irrigation, intracanal dressing, the apical limit of the root canal preparation and obturation, and last but not the least, the quality of the sealer. Moreover, the use of systemic medicines is a great auxiliary in combating pain, inflammation and infection, thus helping to alleviate the clinical symptoms and accelerate the process of healing. The systemic therapy is indicated for treatment of an inflamed and infected pulp can assist in tissue repair by the modulation of the host's immune response. Nevertheless, different therapeutic factors and clinical conditions may interfere in this process of periapical healing. Hence, it is of fundamental importance that the dentist knows about the type of medication to be used in each case and whether systemic therapy is really necessary in a particular case through a comprehensive case evaluation. Hence, this review aims to discuss the success of root canal treatment by presenting the clinical indications of systemic medication application in endodontics. This will aid the professional in achieving more effective results with respect to periapical inflammation.

This paper describes mathematical model to determining the knee joint injury using kinematics knee model. The model consists of rotations and translations vectors. The result modeling maximum torque is angle 70º knee joint injury,in the present study, there significant difference between angles 60ºand 90º.

Backround: Zygomatic arc fractures are very common next to nasal bone fractures. For proper management of fractures, its imaging is very important which is accomplished by jug handle view – a modification of submentovertexview. For this technique patient is required to extend his/her neck which is troublesome for patients with neck injuries. Aims and Objectives: To devise a new simplified radiographic technique for patients with neck injuries, as an alternative to jug handle view. Materials and Methods: The demonstrated new technique was performed on 20patients. It requires intra oral dental X-ray machine and an occlusal X-ray film with elimination of general X-ray machine and extra-oral cassette. The image of zygomatic arch to rule out fractures is obtained with normal head position of patient in sitting direction which is easy for patients with real or suspected cervical injuries. Conclusion: This novel technique is easier, cheaper, performed in conventional dental set up, with less radiation exposure on patients with cervical injuries, thus overcoming the drawback of jug handle view.

Purpose: To assess the central macular thickness after phacoemulsification surgery. Methods: Twenty eyes of 15 non-diabetic, more than 40 years old patients, who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification, central macular thickness using swept source optical coherence tomography was estimated preoperatively and four weeks postoperative. Results: The central macular thickness increased with highly significant degree from (248.35 ± 30.10) preoperative to (271.90 ± 36.49) four weeks postoperative (p=0.006), only one eye developed cystoid macular edema representing 5% of patients. There was high significant improvement of visual acuity. The BCVA increased highly significant from 0.67 ± 0.21 on log MAR preoperatively to 0.38 ± 0.231week post operatively and to 0.24 ± 0.23 four weeks postoperatively (p=0.000). Conclusion: There was a significant increase in CMT 4 weeks postoperatively.

Thalassemia is a genetically passed down blood disorder in which body makes an abnormal form of haemoglobin that leads to anaemia, several organ failure due to iron overload and even death. Disease similar to Thalassemia is not described in Ayurveda, but on the bases of conceptual understanding through Ayurveda concepts it concludes that Thalassemia may be correlated with Beejadoshjanya, Adibalapravruta and Sahaja Vyadhi and nomenclature was coined as Beejadushtijanya Pandu. It can be understood that Pittapradhana Tridosha affects the functions of Raktadhatu. Some of main effective drugs like Devdaru, Agatsya, Kumari, Rohitaka, Agnimantha which was also given in Ayurveda taxies were added in Musta Triphaladi avaleha. Other medicine Gandhakadi Yoga is suggested for Lohasevanajanya vikaraprashamana (iron overloading management). Present study is a Case study on 7 year old male child who have been diagnosed Thalassemia major. His complaint was that severe anemia he is on regular blood transfusion every 20-20 days, liver and spleen enlarged and the serum iron and serum ferritin values were above normal limits according to investigation. At the end of three months of Ayurveda therapy as adjuvant, his blood report and the symptoms of the disease showed very promising results.

This study sought to find out the relationship between adult education and women’s self-efficacy. It was part of a wider study examining 3 elements of psychological empowerment: self-esteem, self-efficacy and awareness of women rights. It focused on one adult education center in Starehe Constituency, Nairobi County. Transformative learning was used as the theoretical framework within which the relationship between the acquisition of literacy skills and psychological transformation were discussed. Data was collected and analyzed from 43 participants; 10 from primary basic, 12 from secondary basic, 8 from primary advanced and 13 from secondary advanced. The relationship between adult education and self-efficacy, was assessed using linear regression, while the differences between the four groups were tested using independent samples Kruskal-Wallis and median tests. The relationship between participation and self-esteem was found to be slight and insignificant and no notable differences were seen among the groups examined.

In hemodialysis vascular access is of prime importance. There are different types of techniques used for arteriovenous anastmosis.1) side to side anastmosis 2) end to side anastmosis,3) end of vein with end of artery. These different techniques are associated with different incidence of complications and patency. Objective: We intended to compare the efficacy of side to side anastmosis with distal vein ligation in terms of complication rate and patency rate with side to side anastmosis without distal vein ligation. Materials and Methods: We fashioned 60 radiocephalic fistula from January 2016 to May 2017 at DHQ teaching hospital Gujranwala which 30 patients were dealt with side to side anastmosis with distal vein runoff (group A) and 30 patients dealt with side to side anastmosis without distal vein runoff (group B).We compared data in terms of complications and patency rates after surgery performed at wrist between cephalic vein and radial artery. Results: During study period total 60 radiocephalic fistula were fashioned in which 30 patients were dealt with side to side anastmosis with ligating distal vein and 30 patients dealt with side to side anastmosis without distal vein ligation. There were 24 males(40%) and 36 (60%) females which were divided into two similar groups each having 12 males and 18 females irrespective of their age and their weight. The mean age was 49.63 years with standard deviation of 10.41 in Group A patients while in Group B patients mean age was 50.83 years with standard deviation of 11.0. Patency rate was 90 % with a p value of 0.9 in patients with distal vein runoff while it was 86.6 % with a p value of 0.8 in side to side anastmosis without distal vein runoff at 6 months. Surgical complications e.g post operative infection found 6.66 % in both groups 6df ccand numbness at thumb in 3.33 % in group A and 10 % in group B. Venous hypertension documented in 3.3% in group B patients and 0 % in group A patients. About 6.6 % patients of group B encountered aneurysm formation postoperatively while carpel tunnel syndrome symptoms not found postoperatively in any group. Conclusion: It is concluded that distal vein runoff should be the preferred option for Radiocephalic fistula as it is more efficacious in terms of patency rate with minimum complications.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with basophilia is a rare condition and has yet to be classified under the 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms. However, few reports have described the prognostic significance of basophilia in MDS. Here, we report a case of a 60 year old male who was admitted to the hospital with complains of generalised body weakness, easy fatiguability and breathlessness on mild exertion for one month. Initial investigations showed features of pancytopenia with basophil 12% on complete blood count (CBC). Reticulocyte count was less than 0.5%.Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) showed myeloid and erythroid series cells with features of dysmyelopoiesis and severe degree of dyserythropoiesis. Quadrinucleate, pentanucleate and gigantoblasts forms of erythroblasts were also noted. These findings led to the diagnosis of MDS with basophilia, but patient died within two months of diagnosis showing its poor prognosis. To increase awareness of the prognostic significance of MDS with basophilia, we report a case of MDS with basophilia which is a rare entity and showed poor prognosis.

Background:Atrophic vaginitis is inflammation of vagina due to thinning and shrinking of tissue as well as decrease lubrication due to estrogen deficiency. As estrogen level drops after menopause, the vaginal tissue become atrophic, leading to various urogenital symptoms. Objective: To correlate clinical signs and symptoms with vaginal maturation value for diagnosis and assessment of severity. Methods: In this prospective study,100 postmenopausal attending gynecology OPD in KGMU Lucknow, inquired for the symptoms of atrophic vaginitis, out of which 49 came out symptomatic and were included in study. Apart from detailed history and examination, vaginal maturation value (VMV) assessment was done. Results: Symptoms of dryness, burning, perineal pressure, something coming out vagina and increase frequency of micturition were significantly more common in severe atrophic vaginitis. Dry vagina, shiny flat vaginal mucosa, narrow vaginal introitus and genital organ prolapse were significantly more common in severe atrophic vaginitis in comparison to mild atrophic vaginitis. Conclusion: To conclude, severity of atrophic vaginitis can be assessed by signs and symptoms and treatment can be started on basis of symptomatology only.

Learning idiosyncrasies which is interchangeably used to refer to learning preferences in this research is an important topic in education since students learning preference are part of their individuality, their idiosyncrasies. Oftentimes, this topic is an important topic for investigation in educational institutions for the sole purpose of maximizing teaching and learning experiences of both the teachers and students. This research studied the learning idiosyncrasies of the students in the GCC region covering two academic institutions offering business administration program. There are 293 business students who have participated in the study. The findings indicate a large percentage of both populations have multimodal learning preferences. And, that there is a difference in learning preferences with respect to gender.

Fibrous dysplasia is a developmental disorder characterized by replacement of fibrous tissue which causes destruction and overgrowth of the affected bone .when this dysplastic process occurs in single bone is called as monostotic and when occurs in multiple bone is called as polyostotic. This report discusses about a case of polyostotic condition that involves right maxilla, left elbow, right knee and the management of occlusion.

Foramen on the articular pillar formed by the fusion of the superior and inferior articular process is a rare finding. Compression of dorsal rami in such foramina may present as low back ache and fusion of the articular processes may limit the movement in the lumbosacral region. The embryological basis and possible functional significance has been appraised.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is amongst the most common virus groups affecting the skin and mucosal areas of the body globally today. Occurrence of squamous papilloma may represent a caveat of viral, venereal or pre-cancerous conditions. As an oral lesion, with cauliflower-like clinical appearance and exophytic growth, it raises aesthetic concerns and hence warrants an early diagnosis and prompt treatment. The presented article discusses the benign, painless, slow growing, proliferative squamous papillomatous lesion of the hard palate which was treated by surgical excision and examined histopathologically.

Aim: To assess the impact of clinical features like pre-operative GCS and status of pupils on the survival of patients presenting with combination of EDH+EDH, EDH+SDH and SDH+SDH on the opposite sides. Materials and Methods: 79 patients admitted in the Institute of Neurology, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital & Madras Medical College, Chennai, with bilateral traumatic intracranial extra parenchymal haematomas were included in this study. Acute, bilateral, traumatic, intracranial-extraparenchymal haematomas that is composed of EDH+EDH, EDH+SDH and SDH+SDH patterns were included in the study group. CT-Brain was done in all patients. In patients having bilateral intracranial haematomas, the GCS and the condition of pupils on admission were ascertained and documented. The impact of these factors on the survival of the patients was analysed. The data was subjected to statistical analysis and a “p” value of less than 0.05 was supposed to indicate a positive association of the results and survival. Results: The patients who had a low GCS score had higher mortality rate when compared to patients with GCS score of more than 9 and the patients with a normalpupils had better survival rate than patients with pupillary asymmetry in the pre-operative phase Conclusion: The statistically significant positive correlation of the included clinical factors makes the early clinical assessmenta useful tool in the assessment of the survival in patients with combination of intracranial haematomas on the opposite sides.

Background & objections: Changes in root surfaces in the environment of periodontal pocket hinder regeneration of the periodontal tissues. Periodontal treatment, therefore, must create a root surface compatible for the cells that mediate repair and regeneration of the periodontal tissue. To achieve this, a procedure called root biomodification is recommended as an adjunct to scaling and root planing. Various agents, namely citric acid, phosphoric acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), tetracycline hydrochloride, hydrogen peroxide, fibronectin, enamel matrix proteins, recombinant human growth factors, dentin bonding conditioners, etc., have been tried for root biomodification. However, the role of root biomodification in regeneration of the periodontal tissues is questionable. Considering this, an in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the morphologic characteristics of the periodontitis-affected roots after biomodification using citric acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and tetracycline hydrochloride (HCl) solutionunder scanning electron microscope (SEM). Since first step in periodontal regeneration is the adherence of blood clot to the root surfaces, the study is also intended to evaluate the attachment behaviour of blood clot to those biomodified roots. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on periodontally compromised human anterior teeth (n=40) comprising of maxillary (n=20) and mandibular (n=20). They were randomly divided into four groups (comprising ten teeth in each group) based on the biomodification agent used: Group 1 (control group): treated with normal saline, Group 2: treated with citric acid, Group 3: treated with EDTA and Group 4: treated with tetracycline HCl solution. Two specimens were prepared from each tooth. One of the specimens was evaluated for the patency of dentinal tubules after treating with the allotted biomodification agent, while other was evaluated for clot adhesion following treating with blood after biomodification under SEM. Results: Numbers of the patent dentinal tubules and scores of the blood clot adhesion were found to be significantly higher in all the three test groups compared to that of the control group. Conclusions: Biomodification of root surfaces may play a significant role in accomplishment of periodontal new attachment by increasing the patency of dentinal tubules and making the root surfaces more conducive for blood clot adhesion.

A three-month-old male infant was brought to the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry with the chief complaint of feeding difficulties. On examination, bilateral cleft lip with complete cleft palate and upper limb deformities were found. In radiographic examination of forearms and chest absent radii and thumb, left rib crowding and neonatal right ventricular hypertrophy were evident. The diagnosis of Holt-Oram syndrome was made based on clinical, radiological and echocardiographic findings. A feeding appliance was fabricated and delivered to the patient.

Nanotechnology is a scientific approach of altering the properties by manipulating a material in nanoscale. This emerging field has the potential to bring enormous changes in the field of dentistry by the means of nanorobots, nanomaterials, nanodiagnostic aids and nanotherapeutic approaches. Nanodentistry will be engaged soon in maintaining a near perfect oral health. But human safety, biocompatibility, cost effectiveness should be considered before its wide application in the field of dentistry. This article reviews the current status of nanotechnology in the field of dentistry with its possible applications.

Polyphenols are a large and heterogeneous group of phytochemicals containing phenol rings and are divided into flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans. Among all polyphenols, the beneficial effects of flavanols (flavan-3-ols) and their primary food sources, including cocoa, chocolate, and red wine, have been most widely examined in clinical trials. Polyphenols can exert a beneficial effect on type 2 diabetes by a number of mechanisms including slowing carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption by interacting with oral cavity and intestinal α-amylase and intestinal α-glycosidase and sodium-dependent glucose transporter and by stimulating insulin secretion in the pancreas via increasing 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, and insulin receptor substrate (ISRS) and decreasing β-cell oxidative damage which preserves β-cell integrity. In present paper we have discussed briefly about the role of ployphenols and diet rich in polyphenols contains antioxidant which help in management of diabetes induced by oxidative stress. we also highlight the mechanism of oxidative stress in induction of diabetes and role of antioxidants in management of diabetes mellitus.

Genodermatoses are congenital skin disorder often grouped into three categories: chromosomal, single gene, and polygenetic. Several of these disorders are isolated and also has oral phenomenon, called oral genodermatoses. Among these Ectodermal dysplasia (EDs) is a large group of an inherited disorders represented by a primary defect in hair, teeth, nails or function of sweat gland, in collaboration to another abnormality in an ectodermal derived tissue e.g. ears, eyes, lips, mucous membranes of an oral cavity or nose, central nervous system. The diverse forms of ectodermal dysplasia are caused by the mutation or deletion of specific genes located on different chromosomes. The signs and symptoms differ markedly among the different forms of the condition and rely on the structures that are affected. Presently there are about 150 different forms of ectodermal dysplasias. The commonest forms are Hypohidrotic (anhidrotic) Ectodermal Dysplasia and Hidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia. The frequency of the different ectodermal dysplasias is highly variable in a given population. There is no particular treatment, only disease management is accessible.

Measurements during physical therapy and rehabilitation process are considerable contribution to the patient and therapist cooperation, better compliance and persistence. In this regard, thermography (TG) as a diagnostic method can be very helpful. It is also suitable for tracking the course of the disease because it may show activation or calming the process and can be repeated without harm to the patient. Technological progress has now made it easy and economically acceptable use of TG via a smartphone with a FLIR camera. By elaborating the TG application process, while respecting the thermal environment during measurement (the desired temperature of the environment between 50 and 75 F), we will confirm the credibility of non-aggressive Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine procedures, as well as enable scientific monitoring and better interpretation of treatment results. Due to technological progress, we consider that there is a great potential for wider application of thermography in physical and rehabilitation medicine in the future. In this paper we have presented the course and effectiveness of treating the violinist with tenosynovits and epicondylitis of the left hand.

Rupture of A field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil of Kodukkanpalayam village, Cuddalore, Tamilnadu under irrigated condition during 2016-2017 to study the effects of planting techniques and intercropping in groundnut. The experiments were laid out in split plot design replicated thrice with two main and five sub treatments viz., M1 – flat bed method of sowing, M2 – ridges and furrow method of sowing, S1 – sole groundnut, S2 – groundnut + black gram, S3 – groundnut + green gram, S4 – groundnut + sesame and S5 – groundnut + cowpea. The study revealed that when groundnut seeds were sown in ridges and furrows recorded the maximum growth, yield and yield parameters. In sub plots (intercrops), groundnut intercropped with blackgram, recorded the highest growth, yield and yield parameters. Hence, this study clearly revealed that yield maximization in groundnut could be achieved by adopting ridges and furrows, intercropped with blackgram proved to be effective, economically feasible and eco-friendly approach for better returns in groundnut rather than traditional methods of sowing.

In recent years, there has been an increased demand for improvement in the appearance of natural teeth. The conservative technique of tooth bleaching has gained attention and acceptance from both patients and clinicians. A subjective perception of tooth discoloration, or of having an unattractive natural tooth colour, can entice a patient to seek aesthetic enhancing procedures such as tooth bleaching. (1)

In this work, fish scales waste biomaterial was used as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of anions from wastewater. The pulverized waste materials revealed a rough surface which is often associated with effective sorbent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxylate esters, phosphate and amine functional groups. X-ray diffractometer also show the presence of hydroxyapatite in the fish scale waste. The optimum parameters for anions removal were found to be 7.03, 73.18 mgL-1, 69.19 min and 23.11mgL-1for pH, pulverized fish scale dosage, contact time and initial anions concentration respectively at n = 3. Kinetic studies showed that pseudo-second-order reaction model best described the adsorption process. The percentage removal of anions from the wastewater by the waste material was averaged at 88 ± 2% at n = 3.

This essay aims to observe how the poetry of Cesário Verde develops its own aesthetic archeology, forming poetic “lineages” (TS Eliot) marking the creative and innovative itinerary.

This article explores the applicability of the 1996 advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legality of threat of nuclear weapons in the current geopolitical scenario when it comes to nuclear weapons. It scrutinizes the changes in nature of circumstances, and certain unexplored domains during the 1996 judgment.

Objectives • To assess the level of anxiety among family members of patient admitted in ICU DGH. • To find out association between the level of anxiety with their selected demographic variables. • To prepare an information booklet on prevention of anxiety. Material and method: The selection of design depends upon the purpose of the study, research approach and variable to be studied. Descriptive research design was used for the study. The study was conducted on 30 family members of patient admitted in ICU, DGH using non-probability purposive sampling technique. The tool used for data collection MHARS was selected to assess the level of anxiety among family members of patients. The data was tabulated and analyzed in terms of objective of the study, using descriptive and inferential statistics. An information booklet on prevention of anxiety provided to prevent anxiety among family members of patients admitted in ICU. Results: The result showed that 3 (10%) family members have no anxiety, 13 (43.33%) family members have mild anxiety, 13 (43.33%) family members have moderate anxiety and only 1 (3.33%) family members have severe anxiety. The findings variable indicate such as Age (X2 = 4.314), Patient’s age (X2 = 5.484), Gender (X2 = 0.557), Religion (X2 = 0.384), Education (X2 = 5.923), Type of family (X2 = 0), Family monthly income (X2 = 1.45), Was patient admitted earlier in ICU? (X2 = 0.554), Type of personality (X2 = 0) showed significance at 0.05 level of significance. Thus it can be interpreted that there is significance association between the levels ofanxiety.H1 is partially accepted. Conclusion: The study was undertaken to assess the level of anxiety among family members of patients admitted in ICU, DGH, Piparia and found that the majority of family members had mild and moderate level of anxiety related to patients admitted in ICU. Therefore to reduce the anxiety level among family members the researcher or investigator provided information booklet to reduce anxiety.

Pesticides are widely used in most sectors of the agricultural production to prevent or reduce losses by pests and thus can improve yield as well as quality of the produce, even in terms of cosmetic appeal, which is often important to consumers. Oxidative stress by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of various pesticides. The present study was designed to investigate the induction of oxidative stress by Lambda cyhalothrin; a Type II pyrethroid in mice Intestine and Testis. Animals were divided into four equal groups; the first group used as control while groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with sub lethal dose of Lambda cyhalothrin (4.8 mg/kg bw). Mice were daily administered with their respective doses for 30 days by gavage. Repeated oral administration of Lambda cyhalothrin was found to reduce the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase(CAT) and level of reduced glutathione peroxidase(GPX) and glutathione reductase GR. Intestine and Testis injury was confirmed by the histological changes. In conclusion, the oral sub-acute toxicity studies of Lambda revealed that this pyrethroid is of risk in albino mice.

Aim: A study to assess the expressed practices of pregnant women regarding the nutritional needs to prevent anemia during antenatal period at selected hospital of Gurugram, Haryana. Methodology: Non Experimental descriptive survey design was adopted in the present study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample size of 60 Pregnant women visiting the O.P.D for antenatal assessment at selected hospital of Gurugram. The assessment of expressed practices of pregnant women regarding nutritional needs to prevent anemia during antenatal period was carried out using a validated checklist regarding. Results: Assessment of the expressed practices scores revealed that equal number of pregnant women i.e. 50% of antenatal mothers were following healthy dietary practices and same number (50%) of pregnant women were following unhealthy dietary practices regarding iron deficiency anemia. Chi-square test was used to find the association between expressed practices scores with selected demographic variables. The results indicated that there was a significant association between the expressed practices scores and educational level of pregnant women. Conclusion: The findings of the study depicts that The pregnant women also expressed unhealthy dietary practices that can lead to various complications for women as well as their babies i.e. abortion, maternal mortality, IUGR, preterm baby etc. Hence the nurses must increase their efforts to impart more knowledge and create awareness on treatment to prevent anaemia in pregnancy.

Introduction: The rapid increase in cesarean birth rates from 1996 to 2011 in US without clear evidence of concomitant decreases in maternal or neonatal morbidity or mortality raises significant concern that cesarean delivery is overused. Increasing women’s access to nonmedical interventions during labor, such as continuous labor and delivery support, also has been shown to reduce cesarean birth rates. Several examples of interventions that can contribute to the safe lowering of the primary cesarean delivery rate is by induction of labour by various modes where indicated. In the present study focused on medical method of induction of labour where potential risk of continuing pregnancy is more than terminating. Materials and methods: This study is a parallel group open labeled randomized control trial conducted in the Institute of post graduate medical education and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital (SSKM), a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal for a period of 1 year and 6 months from April 2016 to October 2017 in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology. During the study period a total of 90 pregnant women, 45 women in mifepristone group and 45 in the dinoprostone group, scheduled for induction of labour. Safety, efficacy and fetomaternal outcome of both the drugs were compared in the study population. Results: The following observations were made: Baseline characteristics like Parity, obesity were comparable in both the groups. Multigravida women had successful induction and vaginal delivery more than primigravida, obese women had less successful induction and vaginal delivery than nonobese with both mifepristone and dinoprostone. Successful induction of labour and postinduction improvement of bishop’s score were more with mifepristone group than dinoprostone (p value=0.0038). Requirement of augmentation with oxytocics were more in the dinoprostone group than mifepristone (p value =0.0567). Uterine hyper stimulation during the period of induction noted in dinoprostone group is more than mifepristone (p value= 0.0112)Vaginal deliveries were more with mifepristone and less with dinoprostone whereas caeserian section rates were more in dinoprostone group than the mifepristone group (p value=0.020). Fetal outcomes were observed with 2 variables NICU admission and APGAR score at 5 minutes after birth which showed that less NICU admission and good APGAR score is noted with mifepristone than dinoprostone group. Discussion and conclusion: Main advantage of mifepristone is that it can be given on outpatient basis and the patient is asked to report after 24hrs or with onset of labour whichever is earlier provided that the patients were thoroughly explained about the outcomes. Whereas with dinoprostone, patient must be hospitalized on induction with first gel of dinoprostone itself. Thus the total duration of hospital stay in mifepristone group is much lesser than in dinoprostone group.

Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy is a new modality in wound care after growth factors and hydrocolloid dressing, in the treatment of large infected wounds. We have been using this technique for diabetic foot ulcers. A 58yr old diabetic man who is a post CABG pt, presented with a large horse shoe shaped peri anal abscess after drainage of the abscess in the O.R., a diversion colostomy was done and VAC therapy was applied, a complete closure of the peri anal wound by secondary suturing was achieved in 6 weeks. Avoiding regular dressing and constant soiling of the wound, which is a hindrance in the management of large infected wounds.

Uvular oedema can be a serious sign of suffocation due to the obstruction of the airway path. There are various causative agents of oedematous uvula such as Idiopathic, hereditary angioedema, trauma, inhalation exposure, medication reactions. Snoring is a common predisposing factor to uvular oedema. Therefore, we should rule out the etiology and try to remove the stimuli as early as possible so that we can conserve the patient’s life. In most cases of oedematous uvula, patients usually complaints of difficulty swallowing and feel like something is stuck in their throat. In this article, we report a case of an asymptomatic oedematous uvula with increased its length.

Fractures of the patella constitute almost 1% of all skeletal injuries[1], resulting from either direct or indirect trauma. Most patellar fractures are caused by a combination of direct and indirect forces. The most significant effects of fracture of the patella are loss of continuity of the extensor mechanism of the knee and potential incongruity of the patellofemoral articulation. Opinions differ as to the optimal treatment of patellar fractures. Accepted methods include a variety of wiring techniques, screw fixation, partial patellectomy, and total patellectomy. The aim of present study was to analyze the result of partial patellectomy by reverse suturing technique, complications associated with the procedure and restoration of range of motion and function of knee and to evaluate the results clinically regarding pain, activities of daily living, range of motion, power, radiologically regarding failure of procedure. A total of 35 cases of inferior pole patella fracture which were comminuted, extra-articular, closed and fresh were included. They were treated by partial patellectomy (reverse suturing technique). The age of patients in this study ranged from 20-50 yrs. Males formed 68.5% of the patients. Most common cause of fracture in this was direct blow to patella due to fall (62.8%). Duration from injury to surgery was an average of 3.56 days and hospital stay was an average of 4.44 days. Time taken to return to previous level of activity ranged from 8 to 12 weeks. Overall excellent results were obtained in 28 patients and good in 7 patients.

Aim: This study was conducted to estimate and compare the salivary pH, uric acid and periodontal status in vegetarians and non vegetarians. Material and Methods: The study consisted of 90 systemically healthy subjects in the age group of 18 years or above which was further divided into two groups: vegetarian and non vegetarian group. Plaque index, gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level were recorded. Estimation of salivary pH was done using pH meter and salivary uric acid was estimated using Uric acid Kit in a semi automatic biochemical analyser. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t test with a level of significance 5% and power 80% and median effect size of 0.6. Results: A total of 90 patients were recruited for the study (21 females and 24 males in the vegetarian group and 25 females and 20 males in the non vegetarian group) The results revealed that comparison of uric acid between the non vegetarian and vegetarian group shows a statistical significant difference ( p-value=0.003) . There was significant difference between the groups on comparing gingival index and sulcus bleeding index with a p value of 0.041 and 0.045. Conclusion: This study has shown that vegetarian subjects had a statistically significant higher uric acid level (antioxidant) and reduced inflammatory signs.

An interleaved boost dc/dc converter is developed featuring smaller input/output filters, faster dynamic response and lower device stress than conventional designs, for solar electric vehicle (SEV) regulation particularly for a common dc bus. The advantages and disadvantages of several topologies of dc/dc converters, based on their component are presented and compared in (Li, 2011). applications. The converter is connected between the photovoltaic power generation and dc bus in a multisource energy storage system of a SEV. Typically, interleaved converters require a current control loop to reduce the input current ripples, the output voltage ripples, and the size of passive components with high efficiency. A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller for a Photovoltaic (PV) solar system associated to backup source (Battery) guarantees an uninterrupted power supply and assist the propulsion of the vehicle during transients and recover energy during regenerative braking. The design, construction, and testing of an experimental hardware prototype is presented, with the test results included.

Steinernematids and Heterorhabditids are lethal insect pathogens with biocontrol potential for managing insect pests of agricultural importance.The efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of Steinernema tbilisiense and S. thesami was evaluated by oak pests, such as Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Liparidae) and Tortrix viridanaL. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). To determine the efficacy of nematodes under laboratory conditions, suspensions of the following concentrations were tested: 700 nematode, 350 nematode, and 200 nematode in 1 ml of water. The experimental objects were mainly L. dispar and T. viridana. In those experiments, where a suspension of S. tbilisiense 700, 350 and 200 nematodes in 1 ml of water was used against L. dispar, 96.5, 62.0 and 55.0% insect mortality were respectively recorded. When applying S. thesami - 98.0; 71.0 and 57.5% deaths.During the action of S. tbilisiense on the caterpillars of T.viridana, 95.5, 58.0 and 53.0% died. When using S. thesami, respectively, 90.5., 66.0 and 56.0%.The most effective concentration was 700 nem. in 1 ml of water, in which a maximum biological efficiency (99-100%) was achieved in a number of replicates.When using combined suspensions of two species of S. tbilisiense and S. thesami nematodes (350 N each per 1 ml of water) caused the death of 98.0% of L. dispar caterpillars, while the effectiveness of S. tbilisiense alone was 62.0% and S. thesami - 71.0%.The same high efficacy was observed when using this suspension against T.viridana - 92.0%.Thus, in the joint application of two species of nematodes, higher results were obtained than when each nematode was used separately. From this, we can conclude that in this case there is a phenomenon of synergism.Field surveys were conducted in Saguramo, Lelubani, Tezami (Mtskheta district).Oak trees were treated with suspensions of S. tbilisiense and S. thesami (700 nematode in 1ml of water). The best results were obtained in the fight against caterpillars of III and IV stages (mortality 62.5 - 65.2%).It was found that when using S. tbilisiense at 19-220 and relative humidity of 75 to 81%, the mortality of caterpillars of III and IV ages was 59%. In case of S. thesami, the mortality of caterpillars reached 64.5%.With an increase in the dose of nematodes in a suspension of up to 1000 nematodes in 1 ml of water, the effectiveness of the preparation also increased accordingly.The mortality of caterpillars in the case of S. tbilisiense reached 74.2%; when using S. thesami - 76.5%.On the basis of the conducted studies, it was established that the nematodes S. tbilisiense and S. thesami used in our experiments are equally effective against leaf-eating pests of oak. The effectiveness of nematode preparations varies with the temperature and relative humidity of the air. The main condition for obtaining high effects is high air humidity (above 80%) and an increase in the concentration of nematode suspension. It is proved the mortality of insect increases with an increase in the concentration of up to 1000 nematode 1 ml of water.

An equation expressing filterability in terms of Filter Cake Yield has been derived using Buckingham- method of LMT Dimensional Analysis. The model equation developed (Equation 27) shows that the cake yield from a filter press is directly proportional to the filter area of the pressure vessel, applied pressure and initial solids content of the sludge while being inversely proportional to specific resistance of the filtrate, viscosity of filtrate, compressibility coefficient of the sludge and pressing time. This is in agreement with scientific reasoning and experimental observation. The new equation enables performance of a pressure filter (Filter Press) to be predicted from a simple laboratory determination of cake yields. Curves derived from the model show how filter cake yield depends on a number of these parameters, for instance, figures 3,4,5 and 6 respectively illustrates the effects of pressing time, pressures, conditioner dosages and initial solids content on the filter cake yield. It was observed that increasing ferric chloride dosage from 11.87% to 22.61% increased filter cake yield from 3.785 x 10-4g/Cm2.S to 4.4118 x 10-4g/Cm2.S while reducing specific resistance from 1.7372 x 1010Cm/g to 1.5940 x 1010Cm/g. The optimum dosages from the graph to attain acceptable filtrate quality is 19.63% for an operating pressure of 6628.18g/Cm2. Considering the differences in the parameters tested, it is significant that they all responded similarly when compared with previous research works. Moreover, experimental verification of the equation and the derived curves has been described and it may be concluded that for practical purposes, the predicted performance agrees with measured values with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. Although, the scope of the experimental verification was somewhat limited, it was sufficient enough to demonstrate the use of the equation and curves derived in this study. The method can be applied in predicting full-scale performance for any sludge from laboratory experiments and the procedure has been fully described and comparatively analyzed.

This article tries to highlight the work of a faith based NGO in its endeavour to build peace in the North East region of India. Drawing on case study documents from four target states, it seeks to draw out how in its peace programme, the organisation capacitated women and girls enabling them to participate in the process of mitigating conflict and take actions on social issues relevant in their village and community.

Naxalism, also known as Left Wing Extremism (LWE) is perhaps the most serious threat faced by the country at present. The Naxalites or Left-wing extremists or Maoists initially launched their violent campaign of armed agrarian revolution on the lines of the Chinese revolution led by Mao Tse Tung, in Naxalbari village in 1967, in the Siliguri sub-division of West Bengal and hence the movement, Naxalism, got its name from this place. This ideology based movement was initiated by extreme left wing elements of the Communist Party of India- Marxist (CPI-M). The movement was brought under control in the mid 1970s owing to a number of factors, including an intense crackdown by the state, ideological and personal differences leading to recurring splintering and to some extent because of the land reforms implemented by the West Bengal government. However, in the 1980s the various splinter groups under different leaders regrouped themselves. Today, the Maoists have a strong presence in Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Maharashtra and West Bengal etc. The emergence of the so called ‘Red Corridor’, which stretches all the way from the border with Nepal through Central India to Southern India, has become a grave security concern. In the districts where the Maoists have a sizeable presence, the writ of the state does not run. In these areas, the Maoists collect taxes, impose fines and levies, control the roads and even dispense crude form of justice. The movement has picked up rapidly, and poses a grave internal security threat to the country leading to an intense debate in the academia and the intelligentsia regarding the possible role of the Indian Army in controlling the menace.

In this research paper the researcher analyzes the effect of personality dimension and socio economic in empty nest syndrome in middle aged women. 480 women were selected from twin city of Bhilai and Durg. The data was collected by using Empty Nest Syndrome Questionnaire, Personality Test Questionnaire and Socio Economic Status Questionnaire. Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA were used for analyzing the data. The finding reveal that extraverted middle aged women have less feeling of empty nest syndrome than introverted middle aged women. In the case of neuroticism it is not found that who has more feeling of empty nest syndrome. In the case of socio economic status that middle aged women with middle socio economical status do not suffer from high empty nest syndrome now they are equally mature as middle aged women of high socio economical status. They know there rights and values so that they can change their moods according to the situation.

The paper is centred on an assessment of the impact of industrial training fund (ITF) on youth skill and capability development from 1999-2018. Questionnaires were administered to sample the opinion of employees of I.T.F. training and capability development do not have impact on youth, Industrial Training Fund has not fulfilled its enormous potential of ensuring that the required manpower skills and knowledge required by the country in the twenty first century are provided to the Nigeria economy. The paper recommended that adequate training should be given to youth so as to enhance higher productivity and management should critically assess the training and development needs with a view to determined types of training and skill youth should acquire. The study concluded that, training and development is necessary to enable youth compete favourably in today’s competitiveness and highly dynamic global environment.

A beautiful smile enhances the self esteem of the patient. Cosmetically acceptable smile shows a harmonious relationship between the displays of teeth to the gingival tissues. A gummy smile poses a restorative challenge for dentist attempting to achieve ideal esthetics. However with advancement in cosmetic dentistry bleaching, bonding, veneering and laminates have opened door to a wide variety of elective dental treatment. A case is reported here on the cosmetic correction of gummy smile wherein periodontal plastic surgery for esthetic crown lengthening was performed and the teeth were restored with all ceramic restoration for aesthetic enhancement.

Background: Establishing age is a major concern in forensic applications. Legal action can be executed appropriately only if the individual is known to be an adolescent or adult. Assessment of age is helpful in anthropological studies. Determining age using third molars is of greater importance from the radiographic images. It can be used as assessment markers in mid teens and adulthood, to establish age. Combination of third molar development with skeletal analysis is more valid in estimating age. Material and Method: A Google literature search was done on various studies done using third molar for estimation of age. Based on the available data, the details were analyzed and reviewed. Results and Conclusion: To conclude third molar plays as a valuable source in estimation of age when no other valid document is available. Assessment of age obtained from the images of radiograph of the developing dentition is more reliable and helpful since it is least affected by the difference in nutrition and other systemic illness.

Background: Respiratory disorders are one of the most common diseases in pediatrics with an increase in morbidity and mortality. Bronchodilators, Corticosteroids and Antibiotics were used primarily for the management of respiratory disorders in Pediatric Population. Objective: To assess utilization pattern of drugs in Pediatric Respiratory diseases Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of six months in a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 225 case records of inpatient in pediatric department was reviewed. The relevant information was recorded in structured proforma and data was evaluated using descriptive analysis. Results: Case records of 225 patients who were admitted in the pediatric department were observed. Out of 225 patients 122(54.2%) were female children and 103(45.8%) were admitted due to respiratory diseases. Maximum number of patients was in the age group of 2-11 years (49.8%), 28 days-23 months (48.9%) and least were found in 12-18 years (1.3%). The duration of the hospital stay for most of the pediatric patients i.e., (36.4%) was found to be 5 days. Most of the patients were admitted due to cough and cold 220(47.36%). Most of the patients have been diagnosed with LRTI (42.2%). It was observed that most of the drugs prescribed were Bronchodilators (33.02%). Among Bronchodilators SABA 258(81.6%) were prescribed in which salbutamol were prescribed more (77.5%). Most of the bronchodilators were prescribed in the Nebulization form (87%) followed by oral formulation (13%). Majority of the antibiotics prescribed were Cephalosporin’s (58.8%), and among the Corticosteroids, Budesonide were prescribed most (26.32%). Conclusion: The study found over use of antibiotics and under use of steroids. Bronchodilators uses were found to be optimal. In order to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance of microbes, an antibiotic policy should be carefully instituted and implemented. Educational interventions must be implemented for health care professionals for more appropriate and cost effective prescribing.

Inguinal hernia repair associated benefits of minimally invasive surgery, such as improved cosmesis, less pain, faster recovery, and improved success rates, have been shown not just in hernia surgery but also in other general surgical procedures like cholecystectomy, gastric banding and appendectomy, as well as in other surgical disciplines like gynaecology and urology. This randomized comparative study was comparing telescopic dissections (TD) versus laparoscopic stone extractor forceps dissection (FD) in total extra-peritoneal (TEP) laparoscopic mesh repair of inguinal hernia. This prospective, comparative, randomised study was conducted at the Department of General Surgery of Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission SevaPratishthan Hospital, 99, Sarat Bose Road, Kolkata – 700026 and was done from Sept 2016 to April 2018 and 30 patients in each group. For statistical analysis data were entered into a Microsoft excel spread sheet and then analysed by SPSS 20.0.1. In our study it was found that 3 patients had peritoneal breach in both the groups. Association between peritoneal breach in two groups was not statistically significant (p-value=1.000).There is no statistically significant difference of injury to Vas in two groups (p-value= 0.5536).In our study it was found that 3 patients had scrotal edemain both the groups. Association between scrotal edemain two groups was not statistically significant (p-value=1.000).Difference of mean pain score on VAS 6 hrs in two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.7773).Difference of mean pain score on VAS 12hrs in two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.9232). We conclude that laparoscopic stone extractor forceps dissection may be performed safely as an alternative procedure of telescopic dissections, thereby eliminating extra time for changing telescope in this advance surgery.

The loss of tooth in estheic area is quite an unpleasant experience for an individual. Since Dental Implant has evolved it is the most preferred method for esthetic rehabilitation, reasons being long term solution for replacement of missing teeth, fewer surgical interventions, reduced soft and hard tissue loss and psychological satisfaction to the patient. This case report describes extraction and immediate implant placement with immediate provisionalisation.

Introduction: Maxillary anterior spacing is a common aesthetic complaint of patients, which has a multifactorial aetiology. Many therapies ranging from orthodontic intervention to full coverage porcelain crowns, laminate veneers, composite build-ups are available. The use of proximally applied composite resin is a quick, inexpensive and conservative approach to this difficult problem. It allows the dentist and patient complete control in formation of a natural smile. Aim: Closure of maxillary anterior spacing in single appointment. Method: In this case report maxillary anterior spacing was closed with direct composite resin restoration in one appointment without any laboratory preparation. Result: Complete aesthetic closure of the spaces. At six-month and one-year recalls, restorations had no fractures and margins demonstrated no discoloration. Conclusion: Composite resin augmentation serves as an excellent treatment option for anterior spacing for patients unwilling to undergo orthodontic treatment or in whom previous orthodontic treatment has not produced an acceptable result.

In the present study aqueous leaf extract of Erythrina variegata were investigated the phytochemical screening, total tannin, total saponin content and antibacterial activity. Phytochemical screening of various extracts such as aqueous, ethanol, chloroform, acetone and petroleum ether, aqueous leaf extract revealed the presence of steroids, quinones, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids than other extracts. The leaf extract were quantitatively estimated for total tannin and saponin content. The optimum yield of tannins and saponin content was found in aqueous leaf extract (46.7mg TAE/ g) and (36.1mg/gm) of Erythrina variegata. Different concentrations of aqueous leaf extracts were tested for the anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis using the agar disc diffusion technique. The aqueous leaf extracts from Erythrina variegata had a superior level of antimicrobial activity. The powerful antibacterial effect is attributed to the greater amount of tannins and saponin compound in the aqueous leaf extract of Erythrina variegata.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a broad term which is characterized by difficulty in social interaction and restricted or repetitive behaviors. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of autistic children in Mumbai. The sample size was 100 children between 5-15 years of age. Fifty were autistic and 50 were age and gender matched typically developing children. In each group, there were 37 girls and 13 boys. Anthropometric measurements (Height, weight, BMI, hip circumference, waist circumference and MUAC) of the participants were recorded. The mean weight of autistic children was found to be slightly higher than the control group (29.66±13.51 cm vs. 28.97±11.55 cm).The mean BMI of children in the autistic and control group were 16.54±3.61 kg/m2 and 16.21± 3.21 kg/m2 respectively. The mean waist circumference, hip circumference and MUAC of autistic children was significantly higher as compared to the control group. Greater percentage of autistic children were found to be overweight and obese as compared to typically developing children (38% vs. 18%). The findings suggest that autistic children may be more prone to overweight and obesity as compared to the typically developing children. Also, it was seen that percentage of overweight and obesity in children of both the groups was high in higher family income groups. Regular nutritional assessment and weight monitoring of autistic children is therefore necessary to maintain good nutritional status.

The concept of biological osteosynthesis refers to the conservation of vascularity of the bone during surgical intervention to ensure the continued vitality of the individual fragments and to achieve improved fracture healing. Main principle of biological fixation by minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) in long bone fractures is relative stability which is provided by using long plate with limited number of screws. Some biomechanical studies have been reported about this issue. However, clinical studies are still missing. The aims of this prospective study were to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of adult tibia fractures treated by MIPPO. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted with in a period of one and a half year; from Jan. 2015 to May 2016 on 60 patients who presented to emergency wing of. orthopaedic deptt in a tertiary care centre in northern India ,during this period. In our series of 60 patients most of the patients were in the age group of 25-40 years, average age was 35.7 years.RTA accidents accounted for 50% of cases in our series. Most of the patients had a follow up ranging from 6-15 months. Patients were assessed as per the criterion laid down by S.J Lam at each follow up Most of the patients (70%) had radiological union between 16-25 weeks. Out of 30 patients, 4 patients of fracture humerus were not assessed in this group.2 pateints with deep wound infection and infected non union did not ambulate and is still under treatment for infection and non union. Conclusion: MIPPO technique provides good bone healing and decreases incidence of nonunion and need for bone grafting. The technique of biological plating can be used in fractures where locked nailing cannot be done like vertical slit and markedly comminuted fractures.

Introduction: After PMT selection when a student enter in medical college, Then he/she first time introduce with cadaver. Cadaver is a term used for chemically preserved human dead body which are used for learning internal structure of human body. On cadaver student done dissection under observation of Anatomist which is very necessary for medical student for gaining knowledge of human body. Aim: Dissection is very necessary for medical student. By knowing position of organ, muscle, joint structure they correlate symptom with pathology and make diagnosis, and they can prescribe medical treatment or surgical treatment. Method: Dead body is preserved by infuse preservative (formalin) in dead body tissue, this procedure is known as embalming. After embalming dead body put in forma line filled tank for preservation. After preservation dead body is termed as Cadaver. Dissection of cadaver done by surgical instrument and By proper guidelines according to textbook for dissection under the observation of faculty of anatomy department. medical student by dissection know exact position of blood vessels, nerve, muscle, G.I.T., Viscera, bones and joint. Result: By dissection they correlate site of pain and affected organ. They make surgical incision by knowledge that where is blood loss is minimal after cutting and where is healing well after suturing.

The existence of subak as a traditional irrigation system in Bali has tri hita karana as its philosophy and focus on social and cultural activities. The more complex of its members’ needs and problems, government has endeavored to develop subak orienting business. One of the business is run by the farmers’ cooperative. The objectives of this study are to describe the potential economic activities of subak, and to portrait the institutional adjustment of subak toward the business orientation. The collected data was analyzed by employing descriptive method. The study pointed out that the subak of Guama has great potential to establish and develop cooperative due to the previous economic activities, such as being a channel on the agri-inputs distribution, and making deposit and money lending to members. The institutional adjustment of subak is done through the set-up of organizational structure of cooperative under the subak system. The head of subak is a controller of the management of cooperative established. The regulations of subak is very effective to support the good performance of cooperative. Members of subak who are also members of cooperative could get economic benefits from the cooperative.

This study empirically examined the effect of capital adequacy on the performance of deposit money in Nigeria from 1990 to 2015. Data for the study were secondary data sourced from annual report of Access Bank Plc, CBN Statistical Bulletin and journal articles for the years under scope. We employed ADF unit root, Johansoncointegration and ECM techniques to analyze the nature of the relationship between capital adequacy (core capital and supplementary capital) and Performance (profitability) of deposit money bank. The result indicates that both forms of capital adequacy have positive and significant influence on bank profitability. We therefore recommend among others that provision of adequate capital regulation; provision of infrastructural base to support banking services and stability of the institution must be of imperative to the central monetary authority.

Human Resource Management is the process of recruitment and selecting employee, providing orientation and induction, training and development, assessment of employee (performance of appraisal), providing compensation and benefits, motivating, maintaining proper relations with employees and with trade unions, maintaining employees safety, welfare and healthy measures in compliance with labour laws of the land. Human Resource Management is a management function concerned with hiring, motivating, and maintaining workforce in an organisation. Human resource management deals with issues related to employees such as hiring, training, development, compensation, motivation, communication, and administration. Human resource management ensures satisfaction of employees and maximum contribution of employees to the achievement of organizational objectives. This article analyses the various aspects of HRM.

The southern territory of Uzbekistan is a kind of "ethnographic oasis", since it is here that one can observe the fusion of different cultures, economic way of life, national traditions inherent in different nations and ethnographic groups, in other words - a symbiosis of ethno-cultural traditions. In the formation of such a fusion of several predominant values of features peculiar to Kungrats, which are one of the major subethnic components of the Uzbek people. In particular, such mental features of the Uzbek people as straightforwardness, hospitality, tolerance, unity of word and deed, concreteness and laconism in behavior are intertwined with love for fervent music and dances, which is clearly manifested in the daily lifestyle and culture of the region's Kungrates. The study of this topic allows one to comprehensively analyze the many ethno-cultural manifestations inherent in the Uzbek people, the historical foundations, genesis, stages in the development of customs and rituals, and their transformation under the influence of socio-political and cultural processes. The southern territory of Uzbekistan is a kind of "ethnographic oasis", since it is here that one can observe the fusion of different cultures, economic way of life, national traditions inherent in different nations and ethnographic groups, in other words - a symbiosis of ethno-cultural traditions. In the formation of such a fusion of several predominant values of features peculiar to Kungrats, which are one of the major subethnic components of the Uzbek people. In particular, such mental features of the Uzbek people as straightforwardness, hospitality, tolerance, unity of word and deed, concreteness and laconism in behavior are intertwined with love for fervent music and dances, which is clearly manifested in the daily lifestyle and culture of the region's Kungrates. The study of this topic allows one to comprehensively analyze the many ethno-cultural manifestations inherent in the Uzbek people, the historical foundations, genesis, stages in the development of customs and rituals, and their transformation under the influence of socio-political and cultural processes.

Bacteria and their products are the major etiologic factors in endodontic treatment. Therefore, reduction of bacterial contamination is the main aim of endodontic treatment. The goal will be reached with an appropriate chemo-mechanical preparation along with preservation of as much of tooth structure as possible. The apical limit of root canal instrumentation and obturation is one of the major controversial issues in root canal therapy. So this article provides an overview of importance of anatomy of apex and current concepts regarding the apical preparation size for individual tooth.

Trophic status of different waterfalls in the highlands of west and northwest regions of Cameroon was assessed by using diatomic index. Ten waterfalls were sampled, in the rainy season (August, September and October 2008) and dry season (January, February and March 2009). Diatomic index and species dominance were calculated. Diatom samples were collected upstream and downstream of each waterfall by scraping the rocks. Samples were treated with oxygenated water to destroy organic matter. Two to three drops of prepared sample were used to mount permanent slides. Identification was made using a light microscope. Diatoms species were observed at 1000x. The state of poor ecological status and moderate ecological status were the most observed respectively during rainy and dry season. The Balatchi waterfall was the most degraded and was characterized by the absence of aquatic plant called Podostemceae. Diatomic index varying between 2.27 and 3.76. Dominant species were Gomphonema parvulumand Navicula leptostriata (upstream), Cymbella amphicephala and Gomphonema parvulum var. lagermanii (downstream). The less degraded non Podostemaceae waterfall was Metchie and index values varied between 2.99 and 4.23. The most degraded Podostemaceae waterfalls was Anyajua.

Background and Objectives: Nowadays, pollution problems have become very crucial. Anthropogenic activities are the main sources of pollution with high concentrations of Metallic Traces Elements (MTEs), that pollute the ecosystem and cause health issues. This work aims to contribute to the establishment of biological techniques, the phytoremediation by Datura innoxia for that purpose two soils polluted by the MTEs has been considered. Methods: The soils were taken from Komabangou area polluted by gold panning activities. They are distributed in pots and seeds of Datura innoxia were introduced. The plants are watered daily with tap water. Results: After one month of culture, Datura innoxia showed a good development similar to the one of the control grown in unpolluted soil. The lengths of the entire Datura innoxia plant were 65 cm in the control soil versus to 63 cm in the polluted soil. The lengths of the aerial and underground part of Datura innoxia were respectively 49 and 16 cm in the control soil versus 48 and 15 cm in the polluted soil. These results therefore show that Datura innoxia has a good tolerance to the toxicity of MTEs present in polluted soil. The phytoremediation of MTEs by Datura innoxia has shown that in low polluted soil, Datura innoxia reduced by 110.96%, 0.025% and 51.26% respectively an initial Zn concentration of 66.8 mg / kg, a Pb of 61.31 mg / kg and a Cu of 33.61%. In highly polluted soil, Datura innoxia reduced by 10.63%, 120%, 34.67% and 44.27% respectively an initial Pb concentration of 125 mg / kg, Cd of 0.58 mg / kg, Cu of 208.48 mg / kg and in Zn of 139.83 mg / kg. Conclusion: Datura innoxia is an excellent candidate for the phytoremediation of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn.

The appearance of the first commercial computers available. The first computers with integrated programs. The first computers with integrated storage. The Story of Eckert and UNIVAC, IBM's reaction to UNIVAC.

Purpose of study- This study was conducted to evaluate B12 levels in children with macrocytic anaemia and to know the etiology of macrocytosis in children, Materials and the methods-This study was a cross-sectional study carried out over a period of 18 months on 50 children up to 18 years of age of macrocytic anaemia. Children were identified as macrocytic having MCV > 95fl (mean corpuscular volume). Result- In this study for mean haemoglobin of 11 g/dl the RBC volume was at a mean of 95.7. As the haemoglobin level fell the mean MCV increased to 99.93 which was statistically significant Conclusion-Nutritional deficiency is the most common cause of macrocytic anaemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency is a major cause as nutritional anaemia among adolescent females.

Cryptosporidium is an opportunistic protozoan parasite that can cause severe diarrhoea in immunocompromised patients. Here we report a case of 8 years old male child who was haemophilic admitted with complaints of epistaxis. On routine investigation for epistaxis CBC, HIV, malaria and dengue were done and patient was diagnosed a case of HIV,(malaria ,dengue negative). Parents were HIV negative. FactorVIII was given 3-7times after each episode of injury. As patient was underweight and was malnourished. His stool examination was done which was negative for ovacyston iodine and saline preparation button modified ZN (1%) enormous number of cyst were seen which were microsporidic and cryptosporidium.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the common and dreaded long term complication of diabetes mellitus especially in developing countries. This study attempted to determine the disease burden in terms of epidemiology and clinical profile of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) at a tertiary care hospital in North India. Methods: In this descriptive study, the patients with known diabetes presenting with foot ulceration were enrolled over a one year period. The demographic profile, duration of diabetes, clinical presentation, type of ulcer, isolated microorganism and treatment taken were studied. Results: A total of 50 patients were included in the study. The average age of patients was 55.7 year (with range from 44 to 80 years). Majority of patients were males. 68% patients belonged to low socioeconomic status. History of smoking was seen in 44% of the cases. All patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus. The average duration of diabetes was 7.1 years. Foot ulcers in 26 patients were pure neuropathic, 4 patients had ischemic-type, while 10 had neuro-ischemic origin. 67.4% positive culture were obtained and gram negative organisms were most commonly isolated. Conclusions: Diabetic foot is a dreaded disability with long stretches of hospitalization and with the ever dangling end result of an amputated limb. It is, no wonder, one of the most feared complications of diabetes. Preventing the diabetic foot should be the first priority and it can be achieved by identifying the high-risk individuals, proper glycemic control, wound care, microbiological control and patient education.

The incidence of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) is about 2 to 5 times higher than in the general in-patient hospital population. Endemic health-care-associated infection represents a major burden and safety issue for patients in the developing world. Infection with Klebsiella was not very uncommon in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units(NICU) at present. In this study we report an outbreak of MDR Klebsiella infection and its successful control in a tertiary care teaching hospital Jodhpur between November 2016 and January 2017. MDR Klebsiella were isolated and identified conventionally following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, from various clinical specimens, sent from the NICU. Subsequently, infection control measures including isolation of infected babies, maintenance of hand hygiene, screening for colonization, treatment of infected as well as carrier were implemented in NICU. Demographic data were collected from clinical records. Three (3) care givers were found to be colonized with MDR Klebsiella strains. Antibiogram pattern of 20 infected babies matched with the MDR Klebsiella strains isolated from the colonized attendant and nursing staff. Prematurity, low birth weight and top feeding were established risk factors for infection with MDR in this study. Following control measures no such isolate were reported thereafter no case of MDR was reported. MDR outbreak acted as an alarm to the infection control committee of this tertiary care center of Western Rajasthan, India for continuous monitoring and screening for MDR isolates in NICU.

Aims/ Purpose: The present study was an attempt to study the status of transgender people who all are now in the main stream of the society. To understand social position of transgender people, to assess support system of transgender Methodology of study: This screening led to the selection of articles and a secondary literature search was performed using the references cited in these selected papers transgender persons in Odisha are not ready to be identified as transgender and get officially registered due to social stigma, revealed a study. The total population of transgender in Odisha is around 70,000 of whom only 2000 agreed to be identified as transgender. Unavailability of reliable data about the demography, socio-psychological status, education and economic status, and livelihood status and opportunities of transgender has been affecting the effective implementation of welfare schemes for them. (j Kumar 2015). Result and Discussion: While transgender activists estimate the numbers to be six to seven times higher, they are thrilled that such a large number of people identified themselves as belonging to the third gender, Of the total number of transgenders identified by the census, almost 55,000 are in the 0-6 population. This has come as a big surprise to the community as they did not expect so many parents to identify their children as belonging to the third gender. Over 66% of the population identified as third gender lived in rural areas, very close to the 69% of the overall population that lives in villages. The census data also revealed the low literacy level in the community, just 46%, compared to 74% literacy in the general population .Transgender or well known as Hijra in India. Many transgender people live part –time or full-time as members of the other gender.

Induction of Newly Qualified Teachers is a requirement by the Teachers Service Commission. Its intent is to enhance Newly Qualified Teachers professional competencies. Worldwide studies have revealed that teachers who are inducted adjust very fast and perform their duties as required. In Awendo Sub County, it had been observed that despite induction, quite a number of Newly Qualified Teachers have continued to perform below par in curricular and co-curricular activities. For instance, from 2012 to 2014, ninety three (39%) of the Newly Qualified Teachers were found to be wanting in schemes of work preparation, 93(39%) in lesson planning, 86(36%) in preparation of teaching aids, 91(38%) in lesson presentation, 98(41%) in games and sports, 88(37%) in music, 88(37%) in athletics, and 104(44%) in drama compared with 62(26%), 56(24%), 78(33%), 82(35%), 95(40%), 86(36%), 76(32%) and 79(33%) respectively in Uriri Sub county while in Rongo Sub county, the cases were as follows: 82(35%), 88(37%), 68(39%), 69(29%), 44(19%), 63(27%), 73(31%) and 54(23%) respectively. The objective of the study was to determine the perceptive of stakeholders on influence of induction on Newly Qualified Teachers’ performance in games and sports in public secondary schools in Awendo Sub-county. A conceptual framework showing the relationship between induction and performance of Newly Qualified Teachers was adopted. The study established that induction had a moderate influence on Newly Qualified Teachers performance in games and sports (M =2.47). The study is useful to policy makers and school administrators in providing the way forward on induction of Newly Qualified Teachers.

Induction of Newly Qualified Teachers (NQT) is a requirement by the Teachers Service Commission. Its intent is to enhance NQTs professional competencies. Worldwide studies have revealed that teachers who are inducted adjust very fast and perform their duties as required. In Awendo Sub County, it has been observed that despite induction, quite a number of NQTs have continued to perform below par in curricular and co-curricular activities. For instance, from 2012 to 2014, ninety three (39%) of the NQTs were found to be wanting in schemes of work preparation, 93(39%) in lesson planning, 86(36%) in preparation of teaching aids, 91(38%) in lesson presentation, 98(41%) in games and sports, 88(37%) in music, 88(37%) in athletics, and 104(44%) in drama compared with 62(26%), 56(24%), 78(33%), 82(35%), 95(40%), 86(36%), 76(32%) and 79(33%) respectively in Uriri Sub county while in Rongo Sub county, the cases were as follows: 82(35%), 88(37%), 68(39%), 69(29%), 44(19%), 63(27%), 73(31%) and 54(23%) respectively. The objective of the study was to determine the perception of stakeholders on influence of induction on NQTs’ performance in curricular activities in public secondary schools in Awendo Sub-county. A conceptual framework showing the relationship between induction and performance of NQTs was adopted. The study established that induction had a high influence (M=3.87) on NQTs performance in curricular activities. This study is useful to policy makers and school administrators in providing the way forward on induction of Newly Qualified Teachers.

The aim of this research is to understand the impact of ‘Make-In-India’ campaign on the development of entrepreneurs in the MSME sector. Our Prime Minister Narendra Modi for the development of our country had launched the ‘Make-In-India’ campaign. The research work focuses on how the ‘Make-In-India’ campaign has affected small businesses and its entrepreneurs who were governed by the Ministry Of Micro Small And Medium Enterprises. This research work tries to understand the level of impact that the ‘Make-In-India’ campaign has had on the MSMEs of the country. Has the campaign brought any relief to the MSMEs in terms of the policies or the workability? Do the MSMEs expect things to get better or worried about the future consequences due to such changes?

In recent years, social commerce intention has become increasingly attractive and enhance by users of social networking sites that often received social support from contemporary users. This study is designed to test the influence of social support (emotional and informational support) as well as mediating effect of trust, attitude and satisfaction on social commerce intention among university students in Saudi Arabia. Thus, a framework that seeks to test these relationships is developed. Equally, the study emphasizes that the utilization of complimentary social network sites by university students, exerts a robust consequence on their social commerce intention. Accordingly, the study establishes that this relationship is mediated by trust, attitude and satisfaction. This paper includes supportive literature to corroborate the conceptualized model in the context of Saudi Arabia.

In several decades, the electric power industry has been structured as vertically integrated utilities which can generate, transmit and distribute power to the consumers. These utilities operate according to the policies, guidelines and regulations framed by the government and are responsible for the development, expansion and standardization of electric power industry. These state-owned utilities are obliged to provide electricity to every customer in a region and are assured of fair returns without any risk. This assurance has led to incompetent and lethargic attitude in the industry with lack of motivation for technical innovation, good management and customer focus. Hence most of the utilities are undergoing restructuring to overcome the adversities of monopolistic market. Restructuring of power industry aims at abolishing the monopoly in generation and trading sectors, thereby introducing competition at various levels, wherever possible. Competitive generation provides a market within which independent firms compete on the basis of price, to sell electricity directly to the large consumers and to supply electricity, via common carrier transmission, to distributors who in turn sell power to final users. Thus the electricity in restructured power market, is dispatched with the help of either power exchange or the pool/system operator. Power sector restructuring, popularly known as deregulation, is expected to attract private investment, increase efficiency, promote technical growth and provide good customer service with improved system efficiency.

In this paper we present the distribution of simulated state variables in a -adsorber-collector prototype of an adsorption solar refrigerator designed to work with the zeolite-water pair under the climatic conditions of the city of Ouagadougou. The solar performance factor (COPs) and the cooling capacity (SCP) are the parameters studied for evaluating the system performance. The simulation of these quantities is obtained from the heat and mass transfer equilibrium equations, solved by a numerical scheme using Thomas' algorithm (TDMA).The Dubinin-Astakhov adsorption model is used to model the adsorption phenomenon. A MATLAB program has been developed for the numerical simulation of the problem. In order to get closer to the local operating conditions, we have implemented in the MATLAB program, values of the sunshine, the wind speed and the ambient temperature recorded on the IRSAT solar adsorption refrigerator collector during four successive days of April of the year 2016. For a zeolite mass of 10 kg, and for the condensation and evaporation temperatures set respectively at and , we found the COPs and the SCP varying respectively from to and from to .

This paper x-rays the importance of assistive technology devices (ATDs) in university library for the teaching and learning of students with visual impairments. The introduction of technology has benefited the sighted however not leaving out students with visual impairments. Lack of vision significantly affects learning and it must be stressed that the education goals for students with visual impairments are essentially the same as those for all the students, therefore, the need to provide means of ensuring easy and convenient means for students with visual impairment to learn by the university libraries. The availability of Braille materials in the university library only ensures a system of reading and writing by touch for students with visual impairments but do not additional teaching and learning opportunities for students with visual impairments. However, the demand of this information age in ensuring that students with visual impairments live up to education expectation as the sighted students has led to the imperativeness of assistive technology devices (ATDs) in the collections of the university library. Academic progression of students with visual impairments who opted for university education cannot be fully realized without adequate equipment and professionals. Assistive technology devices facilitate the learning of subjects and basic skills needed for a meaningful living of students with visual impairments. The study recommended that efforts should be made by the university library to ensure proper integration of Braille and ATDs in their collection for the teaching and learning of students with visual impairment. Also, managements of universities, parents and stakeholders must ensure that these ATDs are made available in schools for students with visual impairments.

The topography was established using Autodesk Revit with reference to Google Earth. The mathematical model was formulated with the discretization of the Navier-Stokes equation in three dimensional form into a simplified and corrected momentum and pressure equations. The maximum positive and negative wind pressures were obtained from 180° south wind attack angle and critical wind pressures were obtained from the maximum negative wind pressures. Topography in terms of elevation showed that the recorded wind pressure of elevated houses are higher than those situated on the non-elevated areas. As the velocity profile and elevation of the topography increases, the simulated pressure also increases. The higher the simulation resolution, the more detailed and accurate are the results.

Phenotypic characterizations of indigenous chicken genetic resources were undertaken in Guji zone of Oromia region. All HHs conditionally/occasionally provide feed and water as supplements and of the feed sources 54.2% and 16.7% were Grain and leftover; and Grain and crop residues., wall and floor which were made of 51.4% wood, 22.9% grass/bush, 14.3% (wood + mud), 8.6% bamboo, and 2.9% (bamboo + grass).. The mean separation with standard errors of the chicken population size were 18.5±1.97 of (3.4±.32) and (2.1± .30) with a ratio of 3.2:1 female with male. Population of young chicks were highest in umber (7.0 ± .70) followed by pullets (3.5 ±.33), hens (3.4 ±.3, cockerels (2.5 ±.32) and cocks (2.1± .30) per household respectively. The average mean values of all parameters except average body weight and Super Length were significantly different at (P<0.05) level between location. Quantitative traits between sex were significantly greater at (p<0.05) level, 2.1±0.05kg and 1.5±0.02 average body weight (ABW) of male and female respectively. All this qualitative and quantitative traits variations could be used as source of selection for improving the chickens which positively affect breeding program through community based improvement, conservation and setting wisely sustainable utilization in the future.

Background: Thrombocytopenia is seen in 6 to 10% of pregnant women, with the gestational thrombocytopenia being the most important etiological factor. Objective: To study the maternal and perinatal outcome of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. Materials and Methods: In this study, 110 pregnant women, irrespective of their gestational ages were studied in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SKIMS, Srinagar over a period of one year from April 2017 to March 2018. Proper history was taken and detailed examination done in all patients. All the women were followed throughout the pregnancy till delivery. Maternal and fetal outcomes were noted. Results: Out of 110 patients, 95 (86.37%) had moderate thrombocytopenia and 15(13.63%) had severe thrombocytopenia. In this study, 40% cases were primigravidas, 31% were gravida 2 and 29% were more than or equal to gravida 3. The most common etiological factor was gestational thrombocytopenia (37.2%) followed by pregnancy induced thrombocytopenia (27.2%) and intrahepatic cholestasis (24.5%) in addition to other less frequent causes. Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 37.48+2.87. There were 2 maternal deaths (1.8%), 3 still births (2.72%) and 2 neonatal deaths (1.8%). The complications were more frequent in those with severe thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Proper management and timely adequate administration of blood and blood products have a significant impact on maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.

High-input, resource-intensive farming systems, which have caused massive deforestation, water scarcities, soil depletion and high levels of greenhouse gas emissions, cannot deliver sustainable food and agricultural production. The core challenge is to produce more with less, while preserving and enhancing the livelihoods of small-scale and family farmers, and ensuring access to food by the most vulnerable. For this, a twin-track approach is needed which combines investment in social protection, to immediately tackle undernourishment, and pro-poor investments in productive activities especially agriculture and in rural economies -to sustainably increase income-earning opportunities of the poor. The world will need to shift to more sustainable food systems which make more efficient use of land, water and other inputs and sharply reduce their use of fossil fuels, leading to a drastic cut of agricultural green-house gas emissions, greater conservation of biodiversity, and a reduction of waste. This will necessitate more investment in agriculture and agri-food systems, as well as greater spending on research and development, to promote innovation, support sustainable production increases, and find better ways to cope with issues like water scarcity and climate change. Along with boosting production and resilience, equally critical will be creating food supply chains that better connect farmers in low- and middle-income countries to urban markets — along with measures which ensure access for consumers to nutritious and safe food at affordable prices, such as pricing policies and social protection programs. In this background, the study’s main objective was to know the role of several major global agricultural organizations in agricultural development.

The present paper deals with the ecological studies of Alisagar lake of Nizamabad District, Telangana. The water samples were collected for a period of 2 years (June-2014 to May-2016) to assess the quality of water. The lake water was alkaline throughout the period of investigation. High concentration of dissolved oxygen, carbonates and low concentration of chlorides, bicarbonates, total hardness and organic matter were recorded throughout the period of investigation. Four groups of phytoplankton were recorded. in the lake. Among the four groups Diatoms were dominant and showed rich diversity followed by Chlorophyceae. Low temperature, high dissolved oxygen and silica favored the growth of diatoms. The maximum growth of diatoms was recorded during winter and minimum during summer and rainy season. Temperature, bicarbonates, nitrates, phosphates and organic matter were exhibiting direct relationship with Chlorophyceae.

Preservatives, additives are generally used to help stop, edible products from being spoiled and giving desired taste, color, texture and. Like sodium thiosulfates, oxalic acid, sodium benzoate, sodium nitrates, sodium citrate and benzoic acids are a few food additives which find consumption on very large scale. But these all major preservatives have multipurpose use in all forms of liquid and solid packaged food and are also responsible for creating negative health issues. This review deals with the few food preservatives very commonly used in Indian sub-continent and their side effects.

Deep neural networks are a focus of artificial intelligence and big data analysis in recent years. The monitor of the converter mouth is essential to the quality of the steel material production while the requirement of the steel material production is increasingly higher in China. The end-point control of converter blowing is the ultimate regulation of the carbon content and temperature. The severity of carbon-oxygen reaction and the temperature of molten steel can be reflected by the converter mouth flame. Operators judge the end of the steel by watching the converter mouth flame, the converter mouth spark and the time of oxygen supply. So, it is very important to offer a quantitative analysis to converter mouth flame characteristics. We quote the deep neural network into the intelligent extraction of the flame characteristics of the furnace mouth and construct a flame color recognition algorithm based on the deepness letter neural network. This paper belongs to the data science problem in the intelligent research of steel production. By observing the converter flame during the steel flame changes, this paper records the data of light intensity and end-point carbon content of each steel making furnace. When this paper then uses the temperature of flame emission spectrum to deduce and the absorption of the molten steel to judge the contents of the carbon during the converter steel blew process, it is more feasible and accurate than watching by operators. At the same time, by using deep learning algorithm, this paper makes the control process get automatic learning ability and achieve intelligent production so that we can provide a basis for solving the problem of predicting the end-point carbon content in molten steel during the blowing process. Keywords: deep neural network, deep learning, carbon content, end point control, spectrum.

Academic anxiety is a well-established, significant predictor of academic performance. Students with high levels of anxiety are unable to perform at the best of their ability. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of academic anxiety and its effects on academic performance and explore if social and family sources of anxiety have effects on academic performance. This was a cross-sectional study design utilising questionnaire based on pre-validated tools was used to determine the extent of academic anxiety and evaluate its effect on students with high and low academic performance. A sample of 132 pharmacy undergraduates from stages 3 and 4 enrolled at the University of Wolverhampton, participated in this project. Academic performance was significantly associated with factors such as test anxiety, academic competence and time management skills. A high proportion of the study population indicated low academic performance due to perceived course load and amount of study material assigned for each examination. A positive relationship was observed between social and family sources of anxiety and academic performance and stressors. This study also demonstrated that demographic variables, such as family history of anxiety and different stages may have positive or negative effect on academic performance. This study revealed the high level of academic anxiety among the MPharm undergraduates study sample and identified some influential sources which need to be addressed to improve students’ experience. It is important to develop strategies to facilitate students coping strategies and skills with academic life in order to improve future performance.

Image classification has gained vital attention in recent years due to vast applications such as object recognition, face detection, face recognition, and facial expression recognition. Images are represented by robust and distinctive features such as SIFT and BIG-OH which are used for machine learning. The features are learned; specially SIFT which is gold standard, from local patches within the images. These local patches are mostly of the size of 41 x 41 pixels. These patches have shown significant low accuracy when the size of databases increase. In this research, variation of SIFT descriptor is proposed which has shown better accuracy when used on challenging dataset of facial expression recognition. The SIFT descriptor is computed from local patches on multiple scales, the similar approach has shown better performance in Image retrieval based applications. The SIFT obtains 55.6% accuracy on Fer2013 dataset using with bag of visual word model, whereas, the proposed extension obtains 58.3%.

This research focuses on the nonlinear propagation of electron-ion (El) acoustic solitary waves in a degenerate quantum plasma (containing Maxwellian electrons, vortex-like negative ions, cold mobile positive ions, and arbitrarily charged static dust grains) have been theoretically investigated. The Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV) and modified K-dV (mK-dV) equations are derived by adopting the reductive perturbation method. Their stationary solutions are derived and analyzed analytically as well as numerically to study some new basic fea¬tures of the El acoustic solitary structures that are commonly found to exist in degenerate quantum plasma. It is found that the basic properties (viz. amplitude, width, and phase speed, etc.) of the El acoustic waves are significantly modified by the effects of relativistically degenerate electrons and light ions, quantum pressure, number densities of plasma particles, and external magnetic field, etc. The results of this theoretical investigation may be useful for understanding the formation and fea¬tures of the solitary structures in astrophysical compact objects like white dwarfs, neutron stars, active galactic nuclei, pulsars etc. are pinpointed.

The design and implementation of a mobile data service which gives parallel multi-path transmission over multiple cellular networks to achieve significant performances like maximum throughput and baseline estimation. In previous systems, in the application layer or transport layer is used a network assisted architecture for multi-homed (NAMH) cellular access is proposed. In another system, routers and base stations provides necessary multihoming functionality which includes identification of a bifurcation router and dynamic splitting of the data stream. In the proposed work, using the multipath TCP(MPTCP) and dynamic routing with the increased topology will simulated and compared the results with the existing systems using NS3 simulator.